A tube of 15 mm LD. is maintained at a constant temperature of 60°C while water is allowed to floy through it at a rate of 10 ml/s. The temperature of water at entry is 20°C and it has been measured tote 34.0°C at a point at 1.0 m from the entry. Compute the average value of Nusselt numbers by employing Hausen and Sieder-Tate correlations.‘The properties of water at 27°C are 4180 J/kBK. yt = 855 x 10° Ns/m? &=613x10°WimK, Pr=5.83 p =997 kg/m’ , at 60°C = 464 x 10° Ns/m? Also D = 0.015 m, L= 1m = 0.057 m/s Pid _ u 855 x 10° ‘The Hausen correlations, Eqn. (7.97), is (997) (0.057) (0.015) Rep= =997 = 3.66 + 3.25 a 1+ 0.04[(DIL) Rep Pr?” =691 The Sieder-Tate correlation, Eqn. (7.98) is repre V( : eyPr = 1.86] —2— | | -— ( ub (i) _ |. 997 x 5.83 855 FP Pi = 8.985. ee 1a 10.015 } (S)Water at 50°C enters a 1.5 cm diameter and 3 m long tube with a velocity of 1 m/s. The tube wall is maintained at a constant temperature of 90°C. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient and the total amount of heat transferred if the exit water temperature is 64°C.‘The mean bulk temperature = (50 + 64)/: are 57°C. The properties of water at the average bulk temperature p = 990 kg/m’, v=0.517x10° m/s, C, = 4184 JhkeK, k = 0.65 W/mK, Pr=3.15, = 29015 since é ~ = 200 so the Dittus-Boelter Eqn. (7.108) can be used Nutp = 0.023 Ref!’ Pr°4 = 0.023 (29015)** (3.15) = 135.25 Heat transfer coefficient & _ (135.25) (0.65) D 0.015 = 5860 Wim?K h= Nup-The rate of heat transferred Tyo + Th O= navn], - Beth] = (5860) (a x 0.015 x 3) (90 — 57) = 27.34 kW.The main trunk duct of an air conditioning system is rectangular in cross-section (400 x 800 mm) and has air at atmosphere pressure and at 20°C flowing with a velocity of 7 m/s. Estimate the heat leakage per metre length per unit temperature difference. Relevant physical properties of air are: v=15.06x10% m/s, @=7.71x107 mh k = 0.0259 W/mK.For the rectangular duct of 400 x 800 mm cross-section, the equivalent or hydraulic diameter is given by Eqn. (7.111) _44_ 4(04x0.8) = AE P 2(04+08) Rep, = 27h = —_15.06x 10° Pr=~ @ (7:71 107 3600) = 0.703i e, Eqn. (7.108) Assuming the pipe wall temperature to be higher than the air temperature, Eqn. (7.108) may be useq for the Nusselt Number Nuip, = 0.023 Rey Pr = (0.023) (24.8 x 104) (0.703)"* = 413.16 The heat transfer coefficient, f= Nup, ¢ = (416 x0025) = 20.06 W/m?K . 4 Heat leakage per unit length per unit temperature difference, Q = hp= (20.06) (2 1.2) 8.16 W.Water enters a 2.5-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tube of a heat exchanger at 15°C at a rate of 0.3 kg/s, and is heated by steam condensing outside at 120°C. If the average heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m?-K, determine the length of the tube required in order to heat the water to 115°C (Fig. 8-16).Q= me, T,) = (0.3 kg/s)(4.187 kJ/kg-K)(115°C — 15°C) = 125.6kWThe log mean temperature difference is AT, = T, ~ T, = 120°C — 115°C = 5°C AT, = T, ~ T, = 120°C — 15°C = 105°C AT,- AT, _ 5 — 105 T= — = 0, mm In(AT,/AT) — inS/i0s) ~ 278°C The heat transfer surface area is : ) 125.6 kW Q = RAAT, —> As= Fp eA 4.78 m2 hAT,, (0.8 KW/m?-K)(32.85°C) Then the required tube length becomes A, 478m? A,=aDL —> L=—\=—~— =— =6lm aD 7(0.025 m)Consider the flow of oil at 20°C in a 30-cm-diameter pipeline at an average velocity of 2 m/s (Fig. 8-26). A 200-m-long section of the horizontal pipeline passes through icy waters of a lake at O°C. Measurements indicate that the surface temperature of the pipe is very nearly O°C. Disregarding the thermal resistance of the pipe material, determine (a) the temperature of the oil when the pipe leaves the lake, (b) the rate of heat transfer from the oil, and (c) the pumping power required to overcome the pressure losses and to maintain the flow of the oil in the pipe._ Veve _ (2 m/s)(0.3 m) Re = = 9429 X 10 me = 636which 1s less than the entical Reynolds number of 2300. Therefore, the flow is faminar, and the thermal entry lengtt in this ease ts roughly 1, = 0.05 Re PrD ~ 0.08 * 636 < 10.863 © (0.4m) ~ 103,600 m ‘which 1s much greater than the total length of the pipe. This is typical of fluids with high Prandtl numbers. Therefore, we assume thermally developing low and determine the Nusselt number from hb 0, fe rs © 66 4 2.065 0DIEI Re Pr A 1+ 0.04 (DIL) Re Pry" 01.065(0.3/200) * 636 * 10,863 1+ 0.04{(0.3/200) * 636 X 10,863)" a7 ‘Note that this Nusselt number is considerably higher than the fully developed value of 3.66. Then, A 0.145 Wink. bX 03m h B37) © 163. WimeK Aso, A= ADL = mi 3191200 m) = 1885 r= AN ng = 888.1 hyn L003 Ws) ~ 125.6 kas Next we determine the exit temperature of ail, T.=T.~ (1, ~ Texp(-hA,hie,) = 0 ~ (0 ~ 20/°Chexp| — f (125.6 kg/s} 1881 Tg). = 9.74 ‘Thus, the mean temperature of oil drops by a mere 0.26°C as it crosses the lake. This makes the bulk mean oil temperature 19.87°C, which 1s practi cally identical to the inlet temperature of 20°C. Therefore, we do not need to reevaluate the properties. (0) The fog mean temperature diffrence and the rate of heat loss from the ol are T.-T. | 0~1974 oar Mn = =F 0 tons” PATE neo on = MA, ATig = 16.3 Wine KXI88S mH -1987C) = 6108 ‘Therefore, the oil will lose heat at a rate of 61.1 KW as it flows through the pipe in the icy waters of the lake, Note that 47, is identical to the arithmetic ‘mean temperature in ths case, since AT,~ AT. (€) The laminar flow of oi is hydrodynamically developed. Therefore, the fic- tion factor can be determined from oe gue 64 0.1006 Re 636