251. An initial feasible solution of an optimization Ans.

(a) : C-chart is based on number of defects per

problem is unit of a product.
(a) All basic variables are equal to zero 256. TQM is related to:-
(b) At least one basic variable should have (a) Quality control (b) Control chart
optimum value. (c) Sampling (d) Work study
(c) All basic variables should have real values UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
(d) None of the above Ans. (a) : Total quality management (TQM) is related
UJVNL AE 2016 to quality control.
Ans : (a) An initial feasible solution of an optimuzation 257. Which one of the following shows the
problem is all basic variables are equal to zero. percentage of the area in normal distribution
curve for ± 2 σ limits?
8. Quality Control and Analysis (a) 99.73% (b) 95.45%
(c) 68.26% (d) None of the above
252. Who among the following is associated with UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
contributions to quality control in operations
Ans. (b) : 95.45%
management?
(a) Charles Babbage 258. In sampling, AQL stands for:-
(a) Average quality level
(b) Henry Ford
(b) Acceptable quality level
(c) Frank Gilbreth
(c) Asymmetric quality level
(d) W. Edwards Deming
(d) Available quality level
(e) Henri Fayol
UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift
Ans. (b) : In sampling, AQL stands for acceptable
Ans. (d) : W. Edwards Deming is associated with
quality level.
contributions to quality control in operations
management. 259. Manufacturer’s risk is the probability of:-
(a) Rejecting a good lot which otherwise would
253. The following chart shows the consistency of
have been accepted
the process:
(b) Defective batch being accepted which
(a) X (b) R
otherwise would have been rejected
(c) C (d) P
(c) Bad components in a lot
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
(d) None of the above
Ans. (b) : R UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
254. Producer's risk in acceptance sampling is Ans. (a) : Manufacturer’s risk is the probability of
(a) chance of producing defective components rejecting a good lot which otherwise would have been
(b) chance of accepting the defective components accepted.
by the customer 260. In operating characteristics curve, abscissa (x-
(c) chance of incurring high cost axis) represents:-
(d) chance of rejecting the parts by the customer (a) Number of defectives
of the specified quality (b) Percentage defectives
TNPSC AE 2014 (c) Sample number
Ans. (d) : Producer's risk in acceptance sampling is (d) Probability of acceptance
chance of rejecting the parts by the customer of the UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I
specified quality. Ans. (b) : Operation characteristics (OC) curve- The
255. C-chart is based on one of the following:- operating characteristic (OC) curve depicts the
(a) Number of defects per unit of a product discriminatory power of an acceptance sampling plan.
(b) Fraction defectives in the sample The OC curve plots the probabilities of accepting a lot
(c) Number of defectives in the sample [on - y - axis] versus the fraction defective [on - x -
(d) None of the above axis]
UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I 261. Which one of the following is not the control
chart for attributes:-

853
 (a) p chart (b) c chart process, when plotted, will form a normal
(c) R chart (d) x chart distribution curve.
UKPSC AE-2013, Paper-I Code :
Ans. (c) : P chart, U chart, C chart and x chart are (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct. (R) is the
attributes control charts. correct explanation of (A).
262. Which of the following charts indicates (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct. (R) is not the
variability of variability within the collected correct explanation of (A).
samples ? (c) (A) is correct, but (R) is in correct.
(a) X chart (b) σ chart (d) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
(c) c chart (d) u chart UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
Ans. (b) : Both (A) and (R) are correct. (R) is not the
Ans. (b) : σ chart correct explanation of (A).
263. The probability law used for calculating the 267. Choose the false statement from the following :
control limits of ‘P’ chart is
(a) Control chart indicate whether the process is
(a) Binomial (b) Poisson
in control or not.
(c) Normal (d) Exponential
(b) X and R charts are used to evaluate
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
dispersion of measurements.
Ans. (c) : Normal
(c) P-chart is a control chart for percentage
264. If P = % activity and A = limit of accuracy in
defective.
work sampling. The number of observations at
(d) C-charts are prepared for large and complex
a confidence level of 95% is given by
components.
(a)
(1− P)
(b)
2 (1 − P )
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
A2P A2P
Ans. (b) : X and R charts are used to evaluate
3 (1 − P ) 4 (1 − P )
(c) (d) dispersion of measurements.
A2P A2P
268. Which of the following are the quality control
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
limits for p-charts ?
4 (1 − P )
Ans. (d) : (a) p ± 3 p (1 − p ) (b) p ± p (1 − p )
A2P
265. Which of the following is not the characteristics p (1 − p )
(c) p ± 3 (d) p ± 3 np (1 − p )
of work sampling ? n
(a) Any interruption during study will not affect UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
the results.
(b) The study causes less fatigue. p (1 − p )
Ans. (c) : p ± 3
(c) Uneconomical for short cycle jobs. n
(d) A stop watch is needed. 269. The upper and lower control limits in case of
UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I R-chart are given by
Ans. (d) : A stop watch is needed. (a) A 2 R & A3R (b) D3 R & D4 R
266. Choose the Correct relationship between the (c) R ± D3R (d) R ± A 2 R
given statements of Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). UKPSC AE 2012 Paper-I
Assertion (A) : In case of control charts for Ans. (b) : D3 R & D4 R
variables, if some points fall outside the control
270. The upper control limit of the 'C' chart is
limits, it is concluded that process is not under
control. (a) C + 3 C (b) C + 2 C
Reason (R) : It was experimentally proved by (c) C + 2C (d) C + 3C
Shewart that averages of four or more consecutive
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I
readings from a universe (population) or from a
854
Ans. (a) : C + 3 C Ans. (a) : AQL - Acceptable quality level.
276. Fundamental purpose of quality control is to
271. Gantt chart are used for
maintain the quality standard of the
(a) Forecasting sales
manufactured items/products at–
(b) Production schedule
(a) almost no cost (b) optimum cost
(c) Scheduling and routing
(d) Linear Programming (c) minimum cost (d) maximum cost
Vizag Steel (MT) 2017 Nagaland CTSE 2017 Ist Paper
CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift Nagaland CTSE 2016 Ist Paper
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 Ans. (c) : Quality Control is to maintain the quality
OPSC AEE 2015 Paper-I standard of the manufactured optimum quality at
APPSC AEE 2016 minimum cost.
HPPSC W.S. Poly. 2016
277. Consider the following statements
BPSC Poly. Lect. 2016
1. The operating characteristic curve of an
Ans. (b) : A Gantt chart is a popular tool in project
acceptance sampling plan shows the ability
management. It basically drills down activities which
of the plan to distinguish between good and
need to be done by a fixed time period. It is commonly
used for tracking project schedule. bad lots.
2. No sampling plan can give complete
272. Mathematically value of a product is expressed
protection against the acceptance of
as
defective products.
(a) cost/expenses (b) cost/utility 3. Double sampling gives protection against
(c) utility/cost (d) none of the above the acceptance of defective products
UKPSC AE 2007 Paper -I 4. Double sampling results in more inspection
Ans. (c) : Utility/cost than single sampling if the incoming
quality is very bad
273. Consider the following data regarding the
5. C-chart has straight line limits and U chart
acceptance sampling process: N = 10,000,
has zig-zag limits.
n = 89, c = 2, P = 0.01 and Pa = 0.9397 The
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
Average Total Inspection (ATI) will be
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 4
(a) 795 (b) 687 (e) 5
(c) 595 (d) 487 CGPSC 26th April 1st Shift
ESE 2020 Ans. (d) :
Ans. (b) : ATI = n + (1 – Pa) (N – n) (i) The operating characteristic (OC) curve of an
= 89 + (1 – 0.9397) × (10000 – 89) acceptance sampling plan reflects the ability of
= 686.633 the plan to distinguish between good and bad lots.
The OC curve for a sampling plan is a graph of
≈ 687
the probability of accepting the lot versus the
274. For the purpose of sampling inspection, the proportion defective in the lot.
maximum percent defective that can be (ii) No sampling plan can give complete protection
considered satisfactory as a process average is against the acceptance of defective product.
(a) Rejectable Quality Level (RQL) (iii) In double sampling plan, generally, the decision
(b) Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) of acceptance or rejection of a lot is taken on the
(c) Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) basis of two sample.
(d) Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD) (iii) If the first sample is bad, the lot may be rejected
ESE 2020 on the first sample and a second sample need not
Ans. (b) : Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) be drawn. If the first sample is good, the lot may
275. In sampling AQL means : be accepted on the first sample and a second
(a) Acceptable quality level sample is not needed.
(b) Average quality level 278. Consider the following data for quality
(c) Asymmetric quality level acceptance process:
(d) None of these N = 10000
SJVN ET 2013 n = 89
c=2
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 p = 0.01 (incoming lots of quality) 282. Find the traditional non budgetory control
Pa = 0.9397 device
The AOQ will be (a) Gantt charts
(a) 0.93% (b) 0.84% (b) Operational audit
(c) 0.75% (d) 0.66% (c) Milestone budgeting
ESE 2019
(d) Time-event network analysis
Ans. (a) : Given,
TNPSC AE 2014
N = 10,000, n = 89, C = 2
P = 0.01 Ans. (b) : An operational audit is an examination of the
Pa = 0.9397 manner in which an organization conducts business,
Average outgoing quality (AOQ) with the objective of pointing out improvement that will
increase its efficiency and effectiveness.
 ( P × Pa ) (N − n) 
=  ×100 283. Which of the following is not a type of
 N 
predictable demand behavior?
 (0.01× 0.9397)(10,000 − 89) 
 ×100
= (a) trend (b) random variation
 10,000  (c) cycle (d) seasonal pattern
= 0.9313% RPSC AE 2018
279. The individual human variability in time Ans. (b) : Random variation—Random variation
studies to determine the production standards occur without any known reason or explanation. They
is taken care of by are the unforeseeable and unexpected change in
(a) personal allowances demand.
(b) work allowances Cycles—Cycles are wave like occurrence that repeat
(c) errors allowances over longer periods of time, they are usually tied to
(d) machine allowances economic conditions or the business cycle. Big-ticket
items such as automobiles often display this type of
TNPSC AE 2017
pattern.
Ans. (a) : The individual human variability in time
Seasonal factors—Seasonal factors are regular
studies to determine the production standards is taken
variations that occur over and over and are related to
care of by personal allowances. some particular event.
280. Quality improvement planning is related to Products and services with significant seasonal demand
which category of cost? include air conditioners and snow shovels and back to
(a) Cost of failure (b) Cost of appraisal school clothing and supplies.
(c) Cost of prevention (d) Cost of loss Trends—Trends are a long-term upward or downward
APPSC AEE 2016 movement in demand when products experience a
Ans. (c) : Quality improvement planning is related to growth or decline in the market, trends tends to emerge.
cost of prevention. It is the category of cost. Examples include the growth of organic products in the
super market and the decline in sales of paper books in
281. W. A. Shewart introduced the concept of favour of the electronic variety.
(a) Control chart (b) Travel chart
284. The father of scientific management was
(c) Sampling plan (d) Quality circle
(a) F.W. Taylor (b) Henry Fayol
HPPSC AE 2018 (c) Gilberth (d) Gantt
TNPSC AE 2017 TSPSC AEE 2015
Ans. (a) : W.A. Shewart introduced the concept of Ans : (a) The father of Scientific management was
Control chart. F.W. Taylor.
Control Charts–Control charts, also known as Shewart
285. In a weaving operation, the parameter to be
Charts or Process behavior charts, are a statistical controlled is the number of defects per 10
process control tool used to determine if a square yards of material. Control chart
manufacturing or business process is in a state of appropriate for this task is-
control. It is more appropriate to say that the control (a) P - chart (b) C - chart
charts are graphical device for statistical process (c) R - chart (d) X - chart
monitoring (SPM).
RPSC AE 2018
856
Ans. (b) : In a weaving operation, the parameter to be Ans : (c) : Stewart control charts are used in work
controlled is the number of defects per 10 square yards of study.
material. Control chart appropriate for this task is C - chart. 292. Choose the false statement :
286. The chart which gives an estimate about the (a) Control charts indicate whether the process is
amount of materials handling between various in control or not
work stations is known as : (b) p-chart is a control charge for percent
(a) Flow Chart (b) Process Chart defectives
(c) Travel Chart (d) Operation Chart
(c) X and R-charts are used to evaluate
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011 dispersion of measurements
OPSC AE. 2016 (d) C-charts are prepared for large and complex
Ans. (c) : The chart which gives an estimate about the components
amount of materials handling between various work OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I
stations is known as travel chart.
Ans : (c) : The X-bar and R-chart are quality control
287. Percent idle time for men and machine is found charts used to monitor the mean and variation of a
by process based on samples taken in given time R-chart is
(a) Time study (b) ABC analysis used to monitor the variability or dispersion of the
(c) Analytical estimation (d) Activity sampling process.
TNPSC AE 2013 293. C-charts are the best example of :
Ans. (d) : Percent idle time for men and machine is (a) Binomial distribution
found by activity sampling. (b) Poisson distribution
288. Which one of the following would normally be (c) Normal distribution
considered as one of the 'costs of quality' ? (d) None of these
(a) Appraisal Costs (b) Marketing Costs
(KPSC AE. 2015)
(c) Overhead Costs (d) Transaction Costs
Ans : (b) C-charts are the best example of Poisson
OPSC Civil Services Pre. 2011
distribution.
Ans. (a) : Costs of quality is appraisal costs.
X - chart :- X-chart shows the centering of the process
289. Which one of the following techniques is used e.g. it shows the variation in the average of samples
for determining allowances in time study?
R-chart:- R- chart shows the uniformity or consistency
(a) Acceptance sampling
of the process i.e. shows the variations in the ranges of
(b) Linear regression samples. It is a chart for measured of spread.
(c) Performance rating C-chart:- It is control chart for defects. When the
(d) Work sampling subgroup size varies from sample to sample, it is
JPSC AE - 2013 Paper-II necessary to use V- chart.
Ans : (d) : Work sampling 294. Acceptance sampling is used in:
290. AOQL stands for : (a) Job Production (b) Batch Production
(a) Average Outgoing Level (c) Mass Production (d) All of these
(b) Accepted Outgoing Quality Level OPSC AEE 2015 Paper-I
(c) Average Outgoing Quality Limit Ans : (c) Acceptance sampling is used in Mass Production.
(d) Accepted Outgoing Quality Limit Acceptance Sampling :-It is the process of evaluating
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I the quality of a large number of items in a batch or a lot
Ans. : (c) :- Average Outgoing Level based upon the quality of small sample of items.
291. Stewart Control Charts are used in : 295. Flow process chart containg:
(a) Quality control (a) Inspection and operation
(b) Inventory management (b) Inspection, operation and transportation
(c) Work Study (c) Inspection, operation, transportation and delay
(d) Production activity (d) Inspection, operation, transportation, delay
OPSC AEE 2019 Paper-I and storage
UJVNL AE 2016

857
Ans : (d) Flow process chart contains Inspection, destinations 20, 30, 10 and 50 units. In solving
operation, transportation. delay and storage. this transportation problem
296. Which control chart is used to measure (a) A dummy source of capacity 40 is needed
"variability of variability" within the samples? (b) A dummy destination of demand 40 is
(a) X-bar chart (b) R chart needed
(c) C chart (d) U chart (c) No solution exists as problem is infeasible
UJVNL AE 2016 (d) No solution exists as problem is degenerate
Ans : (b) R chart is used to measure "variability of UJVNL AE 2016
variability." Ans : (b) The supply at three sources is 50, 40 and 60
units respectively whilst the demand at the four
X - chart :- X-chart shows the centering of the process
destinations 20, 30, 10 and 50 units. In solving this
e.g. it shows the variation in the average of samples
transportation problem, a dummy destination of demand
R-chart:- R-chart shows the uniformity or consistency
40 is needed.
of the process i.e. shows the variations in the ranges of
samples. It is a chart for measured of spread. 301. An Operating Characteristics curve (OC-
C-chart:- It is control chart for defects. When the curve) is a plot between
subgroup size varies from sample to sample, it is (a) Consumer's risk and producer's risk.
necessary to use V- chart. (b) Probability of acceptance and probability of
rejection.
297. The aim of statistical quality control in
industrial applications is to have (c) Percentage of defective and probability of
acceptance.
(a) Quality improvement
(d) Average outgoing quality and probability of
(b) Recording of data related to quality
acceptance.
(c) Cost reduction
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I
(d) All of the above
MPPSC AE. 2016
UJVNL AE 2016 TNPSC AE 2014
Ans : (d) The aim of statistical quality control in Ans : (c)
industrial application is to have
(i) Quality Improvement
(ii) Recording of data related to quality
(iii) Cost reduction.
298. A Product consists of three Parallel Paths with
mean and variance of (10,4); (12,4); (12,9)
According to the standard PERT the
distribution of project duration is
∴ OC curve is a plot between percentage at defective
(a) Beta with mean 10 and standard deviation 2 and probability of acceptance
(b) Beta with mean 12 and standard deviation 2
302. Which type of control chart should be used to
(c) Normal with mean 10 and standard deviation 3 directly monitor the number of defectives in a
(d) Normal with mean 12 and standard deviation 3 process for making iron castings?
UJVNL AE 2016 (a) X − chart (b) P − chart
Ans : (d) Normal with mean 12 and standard deviation 3. (c) C − chart (d) R − chart
299. Consistency of a process is checked with the UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I
help of preferably by
Ans : (b) P − chart
(a) Sigma chart (b) X bar chart
(c) Cause effect chart (d) None of the above 303. An X chart uses the following data
UJVNL AE 2016 (a) Count Data
(b) Attribute measurement data
Ans : (a) Consistency of a process is checked with the
help of preferably by sigma chart. (c) Variable measurement data
(d) None of the above
300. The supply at three sources is 50, 40 and 60
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I
units respectively whilst the demand at the four
Ans : (c) An X chart uses the variable Measurement data.
858
 X chart:- It shows the centering of the process and 308. Monte Carlo simulation of queues is used when
shows the variation in the averages of individual samples. (a) arrival time distributions are standard
304. Which of these would not be a reason for using (b) service time distributions are standard
acceptance sampling? (c) mathematical analysis cannot be adopted
(a) A very high inspection cost (d) None of the above
(b) Boredom and fatigue BPSC Poly. Lect. 2016
(c) A process needing statistical control Ans : (c) Monte carlo simulation of queues is used
(d) Destructive testing when mathematical analysis cannot be adopted.
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I 309. Assignable variables in statistical quality
Ans : (c) A process needing statistical control not be a control results in:
reason for using acceptance sampling (a) Proper sequencing of operations
(i) Acceptance sampling is not process control (b) Improper operation of the machine
(ii) Statistical process control (SPC) is the preferred (c) Proper instruments used fro inspection
method to prevent nonconformance.
(d) None of these
(iv) Think of SPC as the control method, and
acceptance sampling as insurance OPSC AEE 2015 Paper-I
(v) You practice good driving techniques, but you Ans : (b) Assignable variables in statistical quality
don't cancel your insurance policy control results in improper operation of the machine.
305. The maximum value of the average outgoing
quality for all possible values of proportion 9. Work Study, Work
defective is called Measurement and Value
(a) Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ) Engineering
(b) Acceptable Quality Level (AQL)
(c) Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) 310. Ship building yard represents :
(d) Lot Tolerance Proportion Defective (LTPD) (a) Fixed layout (b) Product layout
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I (c) Process layout (d) Manual layout
SJVN ET 2013
Ans : (c) The maximum value of the average outgoing
quality for all possible value of proportion defective is TNPSC AE 2013
called Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) BPSC AE Mains 2017 Paper - VI
306. The error estimate (e) in work sampling varies Ans. (a) : Ship building yard represents - Fixed Layout.
with sample size (n) as 311. The layout with a higher material handling
1 1 effort is a .......... layout.
(a) e α (b) e α (a) Process (b) product
n n
(c) equipment (d) material
1
(c) e α n (d) e α 2 (HPPSC LECT. 2016)
n
Ans : (a) The layout with a higher material handling
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I
effort is a process layout.
Ans : (b) Error estimate (e) :-
Process layout:- The process layout is also known as
1 functional layout or analytical layout. This type of
e∝
n layout is employed where.
e = Error estimate, n = Sample size. (a) Low volume of production is required
307. The producer's risk is the probability with (b) Similar jobs are manufactured on similar machines
which a consumer will (c) Machines are arranged on functional basis
(a) Reject a bad lot (b) Reject a good lot 312. Product layout is best suited when:
(c) Accept a good lot (d) Accept a bad lot (a) One type of product is produced
UPPSC AE 12.04.2016 Paper-I (b) Product is standardized
UJVNL AE 2016 (c) Product is manufactured in large quantities
Ans : (b) The producer's risk is the probability with (d) All of these
which a consumer will reject a good lot. OPSC AEE 2015 Paper-I
859