0% found this document useful (0 votes)
101 views48 pages

Prestressed Concrete - Dis 2020

This document describes prestressed concrete and its uses in construction. Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression before loading to counteract tensile stresses that will develop. There are two main methods for prestressing concrete - pretensioning and post-tensioning. In pretensioning, steel tendons are tensioned before concrete is cast around them. In post-tensioning, concrete is cast first and then steel tendons inside ducts are tensioned to compress the concrete. Prestressed concrete allows for thinner concrete members, reduced cracking, and faster construction times compared to reinforced concrete. Its uses include bridges, parking structures, and buildings where long spans are needed.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
101 views48 pages

Prestressed Concrete - Dis 2020

This document describes prestressed concrete and its uses in construction. Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression before loading to counteract tensile stresses that will develop. There are two main methods for prestressing concrete - pretensioning and post-tensioning. In pretensioning, steel tendons are tensioned before concrete is cast around them. In post-tensioning, concrete is cast first and then steel tendons inside ducts are tensioned to compress the concrete. Prestressed concrete allows for thinner concrete members, reduced cracking, and faster construction times compared to reinforced concrete. Its uses include bridges, parking structures, and buildings where long spans are needed.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 48

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

PREPARED BY :
Manizawati Zainal Abidin
CONTENTS (PLO1, CLO1)

• DESCRIBE PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE


• USAGE OF THE PRE-STRESSED
CONCRETE IN CONSTRUCTION
INSDUSTRY
• METHOD OF PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
• TYPES OF BAROR TENDON FOR PRE-
STRESSED CONCRETE
DEFINE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

• Defined as ‘pre-compressed concrete.


• This means that a compressive stress is put
into a concrete member before it begins it
working life and is positioned to be in areas
where tensile stresses will develop under
working load.
• Strong In Compression, Weak in Tension
PRINCIPLE
Consider : Beam of plain concrete carrying a load

✓Load Increases, beam deflects slightly


and then fails abruptly.
✓The stresses in the beam will be
compressive in the top fibres , tensile in
the bottom fibres
✓We can expect the beam to crack at the
bottom and break.
✓Concrete low tensile strength
✓There are TWO ways of countering this
low tensile strength by using reinforcement
or by prestressing.
✓In r.c, reinforcement in the form of steel
bars is placed in areas where tensile
stresses will develop.
PRINCIPLE
Consider : Beam of plain concrete carrying a load

✓The reinforcement absorbs all the


tension and by limiting the stress in this
reinforcement, the cracking of the
concrete is kept within acceptable limits.

✓So the concrete behaves as if it had a


high tensile strength of its own and provided
the tensile stresses, cracking cannot occur
in the bottom of the beam.
ADVANTAGES OF PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE

✓ Only 1 / 5 by the weight of reinforcement required


in reinforced concrete in pre-stressed concrete
✓ Less volume of concrete needed and decreased
dead load ( reinforcement, weight of concrete)
✓ Members of stressed concrete will be test during
manufactured and any default (material or
measurement) can be repaired instantly.
✓ Accelerating during construction period for large
structures. Example: Bridges and Fly-over.
DIFERENTIATE BETWEEN PRE-STRESSED
CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE

▪Poor Bond ▪ Apply a force


▪Tensile Strength is ▪By Bond and special anchoring
negligible ( tak penting) devices
▪Tensile Force created by ▪Steel required to produce the
bending moment resisted by prestressing forces
reinforcement ▪ Used actively to preload the
▪Cracking, deflection are member and cracking &
virtually irrecoverable deflections are recoverable to
high degree.
METHOD OF PROCESSING PRE-STRESSED
CONCRETE

• Using tendons there are two basics methods


called :
– Pre-tensioning
– Post - tensioning
TWO METHODS OF PROCESSING
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE :

PRE - POST -
TENSION TENSION
PRE TENSION
Placing of concrete around reinforcing tendons that
have been stressed to the desired degree.

PREPARED BY : MANIZAWATI
PRE-TENSIONING

3
PRE-TENSIONING METHOD
( Kaedah tegang Dahulu)
1. The steel is tensioned between abutments
and the concrete is placed in moulds around
it.
2. When the concrete has achieved sufficient
compressive strength, the steel is released
from the abutments
3. Transferring the force to the concrete
through the bond that now exists between
steel and the concrete.
AS A RESULT

VIDEO
Pre-tensioned concrete
 Pre-tensioned concrete is cast around already tensioned
tendons.
 This method produces a good bond between the tendon
and concrete, which both protects the tendon from corrosion
and allows for direct transfer of tension.
 The cured concrete adheres and bonds to the bars and when
the tension is released it is transferred to the concrete as
compression by static friction.
 However, it requires stout anchoring points between which
the tendon is to be stretched and the tendons are usually in
a straight line.
 Thus, most pretensioned concrete elements are
prefabricated in a factory and must be transported to the
construction site, which limits their size.
 Pre-tensioned elements may be balcony elements, lintels ,
floor slabs, beams or foundation piles.
POST TENSION
Reinforcing tendons are stretched by jacks whilst keeping
them inserted in voids left pre-hand during curing of concrete.

PREPARED BY : MANIZAWATI
POST-TENSIONING METHOD

3
VIDEO
POST-TENSIONING METHOD
(Tegang Kemudian)
1. The concrete is cast first in the mould and allowed to harden before
the prestress is applied.
2. The steel may be placed in position to a predetermined profile and
cast into the concrete, bond being prevented by enclosing the steel in
a protective metal sheathing.
3. Or ducts may be formed in the concrete and the steel passed through
after hardening has taken place.
4. When the required strength concrete strength has been achieved, the
steel is stressed against the end of the unit and anchored off, thus
putting the concrete into compression.
5. The curved profile of the steel, which usually occurs in post-
tensioning, permits the effective distribution of prestress within the
section to the designer’s requirment.
METHOD OF PRE TENSIONING &
POST TENSIONING

PREPARED BY : MANIZAWATI BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN


PRE-TENSIONING
• Used on site where large numbers of similar precast
units are required.
• Carried out in a factory where permanent stressing
beds have already been constructed
• METHOD PRODUCTION : long – line production ,
number of similar units are produced at the same
time.
• Steel Tendons:tensioned between anchor plates at
opposite ends of a long stressing beds.
– Wire : small units
– Strand :large units
PRE-TENSIONING

•Stressing completed : reinforcement fixed at


required position.
•Bond between the stressed steel and concrete is
important
•Steel must clear of any material that would
interfere the bond
•Achieve full compaction : vibrators used for internal
and external
•External vibration more effective compare internal
•Curing : Steam under suitable cover
POST-TENSIONING
~Used in the factory production of large
~Special purpose precast units
~Both on-site and off-site
✓Post-tensioning allows construction that would otherwise
be impossible due to either site constraints or architectural
requirements.
✓Requires specialized knowledge and expertise to fabricate,
assemble and install.
✓After adequate curing of concrete, reinforcing tendons
(placed in side the voids of the structure) are
tensioned/stretched by jacks on the sides & grouts filled with
appropriate mix.
Applications – a) Structural members beams, bridge-deck
panels, Roof –Slabs, Concrete Silos Etc.
ADVANTAGES/APPLICATIONS
• Post-tensioning allows longer clear spans, This innovative form is result
thinner slabs, fewer beams and more slender, of post tensioning.
dramatic elements.
• Thinner slabs mean less concrete is required.
It means a lower overall building height for the
same floor-to-floor height.
• Post-tensioning can thus allow a significant
reduction in building weight versus a
conventional concrete building with the same
number of floors reducing the foundation load
and can be a major advantage in seismic areas.
• A lower building height can also translate to
considerable savings in mechanical systems
and façade costs.
Bridge decks
• Another advantage of post-tensioning is that
beams and slabs can be continuous, i.e. a
single beam can run continuously from one end
of the building to the other.
• Reduces occurrence of cracks .
• Freezing & thawing durability is higher than non
prestressed concrete.
• Post-tensioning is the system of choice for parking
structures since it allows a high degree of flexibility in the
column layout, span lengths and ramp configurations.
• In areas where there are expansive clays or soils with low
bearing capacity, post-tensioned slabs-on-ground and mat
foundations reduce problems with cracking and differential
settlement.
• Post-tensioning allows bridges to be built to very
demanding geometry requirements, including complex
curves, and significant grade changes.
• Post-tensioning also allows extremely long span bridges to
be constructed without the use of temporary intermediate
supports. This minimizes the impact on the environment
and avoids disruption to water or road traffic below.
• In stadiums, post-tensioning allows long clear spans and
very creative architecture.
• Post-tensioning can also be used to produce virtually
crack-free concrete for water-tanks.
• The high tensile strength & precision of placement gives
maximum efficiency in size & weight of structural members.
• Applications of various prestressed techniques enable
quick assembly of standard units such as bridge members,
building frames, bridge decks providing cost-time savings
PREPARED BY : MANIZAWATI BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN
MATERIAL :
BAR / TENDON FOR PRE – STRESSED
CONCRETE
1. CONCRETE
• Concrete mix should be workable, fresh and
strong when it has hardened
• Production purposes, stiffening (kaku) and
hardening of concrete is due to a chemical
reaction between cement and water in the mix.
• Normal temperatures, it takes several days for
the concrete to develop sufficient strength
• Accelerating hardening : use of chemical
admixture and externally by heating
• Never used calcium chloride
• Strengths normally attained after 28 days
1. STEEL
• The steel used in prestressing work is usually in
the form of cold-drawn high- tensile wires orn
alloy steels bars.
• The wires can be used singly or twisted together
to form strand
• Define the terms used for steel in prestressed
concrete work :
I. Cable : a group of tendons
II. Tendon : a stretched element used in a concrete
member to impart prestress to the concrete. Tendons
may consist of individual hard-drawn wires, bars or
strands
1. STEEL
III. Wire :reinforcement of solid section
complying with requirements and generally supplied
in coil form
IV. Bar : reinforcement of solid section
complying with the requirements and generally only
supplied in straight lengths
V. Strands : a group of wires spun in helical form
around a common longitudinal axis complying with
the requirements for 7-wire strand and for 19-wire
strands
– Wire varies dia. : From 8mm down to 2mm (general
use for structural members is 4mm)
– Supplied : as drawn or prestraightened
HARDWARES & PRESTRESSING EQUIPMENTS
TYPES OF TENDONS
HYDRAULIC
JACK

TENDON
GRIP ASSEMBLY FOR PRE-TENSIONING
GRIP ASSEMBLY FOR PRE-TENSIONING
DOUBLE-ENDED JOINTS
ANCHORS

INTERMIDIATE
STAGE IN
STRESSING
ANCHORAGES FOR
DIVIDAG SYSTEM

MACALLOY
ANCHORAGES FOR
FOUR BARS AND ONE
BARS
DEAD-END ANCHORAGE

MULTISTRAND
ANCHORAGE

PSC MONOSTRAND
ANCHORAGE
PSC TITAN JACKS
CABLE CONDUITS IN
FORMWORK

TENSIONING CABLE
VIDEO

Freyssinet, world leader


in prestressing, cables
stayed structures and
strengthening of
structures

You might also like