Unit 4 | FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY

A PRONUNCIATION
1 Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or
D.
1. A. ‘handicapped B. ‘passionate C. in’valid (adj) D.’ charity
2. A. re’mote B.’ helpful C. ‘hopeless D. ‘leader
3. A. ‘worried B. ‘wealthy C. en’sure D. ‘tired
4. A.’ basic B. ‘lifestyle C. pre’pare D. ‘rural
5. A. ‘income B. em’ploy C.’ urgent D. ‘legal
6. A. de’velop B. ‘contribute C. po’sition D. ‘interest
7. A.’ martyr B. ‘profit C. ad’vice D.’ public
8. A. ‘matter B. de’vote C. a’pply D. con’cise
9. A. ex’cited B. ‘interact C. de’velop D. o’pinion
10. A. intro’duction B. pri’ority C. so’ciety D.A’merican
2 Practice saying the following sentences. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the ending sounds
/-nd/, / η / and /-nt/.
1. I don't understand what the student is saying.
2. She spent her weekend helping her grandmother in the garden.
3. He loves gardening. He thinks it is exciting.
4. The school's announcement was very interesting.
5. My friend is training to be a volunteer teacher.
6. The environment will be destroyed if we don't start acting.
7. It was raining at the weekend, but we still went to the mountain.

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1 Match each word with its definition.
1. Charity a. friendly, helpful feeling or attittude
2. Fundraiser b. thankful
3. Generous c. an organization set up to provide help for those in need
4. Goodwill d. the desire to promote the welfare of others
5. Grateful e. an event held to raise money for a charity
6. Non-profit f. fulfillment of one's wishes or the pleasure from this
7. Philanthropy g. showing a readiness to give more of something
8. Satisfaction h. not to make a profit
2 Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the words from Exercise 1.
1. I love to do volunteer work. I get great in knowing that I helped someone.
2. This is a organization. All the money made is donated to help the poor.
3. Our school organized a baking . We baked cakes and sold them. Then, we donated the money
to a local charity.
4. The poor students were very for new clothes they received for Tet holiday.
5. She is the most person I know. She always gives most of her money to the poor.
6. My children realize helping others through is much better than wasting money on foolish toys.
7. The school has to rely on the of the parents to help it raise money.
8. My favourite is Pup Paws which provides food and home to abandoned dogs and cats.
3 Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets + -ful/-less.
1. How could you be so (care) as to lose your wallet?
2. The weather was (beauty) so we went for a walk.
3. Yesterday we had a (wonder) dinner at a Spanish restaurant.
4. I am going to give some clothes to the (home).
5. That little boy is absolutely (fear)! He isn't afraid of anything.
6. Thank you so much! You were (help) to me.
really
7. I passed all of my English exams. I was (success) for the first time.
8. Our pet is a (hair) cat. We bought it from a Russian man.
9. That man is completely (friend). He hasn't got any friends at all.
10. I spent a (sleep) night worrying about you! Where have you been?
11. Be (care) whenever you cross the street.
12. This is a very (peace) town. You would like to live here.
13. She is a (grace) athlete.
14. Serious people are generally (truth).
15. Her reaction when he proposed was (price).
16. (care) drivers often cause road accidents.
17. Computers are very (use). They help people in all aspects of life.
18. The weather is (beauty) today.
19. The sky is (cloud) and quite blue.
20. People should not smoke cigarettes because they are (harm).
21. You should be (hope) if you want to be happy.
4 Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets + -ed/-ing.
1. The film was a bit boring (bore).
2. I was very bored (bore) with the film.
3. That noise is very annoying (annoy).
4. I felt very depressed (depress) last week.
5. She was very embarrassed (embarrass) when she had to stand up in class.
6. Ghost stories are very frightening (frighten).
7. I'm very interested (interest) in maths and physics.
8. I was very excited (excite) when I heard the news.
9. We were disappointed (disappoint) with our marks.
10. Tom thinks politics is interesting(interest).
11. He works very hard. It's not surprised (surprise) that he is always tired.
12. The teacher's explanationwas confusing (confuse). Most of the students didn't understand it.
13. The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really disgusting (disgust).
14. I've been working very hard all day and now I'm exhausted (exhaust).
15. Mary is a very interesting (interest) person. He knows a lot, she's travelled a lot and he's done lots of
different things.
16. It's been raining all day. This weather is depressing
(depress). This weather makes me feel depressed (depress).
17. I watched the programme on pandas. I was fas (fascinate).
18. Having a massage is (relax)
19. I think the way Katie behaved was quite (shock).
20. I just don't understand. I find the whole thing rather (puzzle).
21. After travelling all day and night they were very (tire).
22. This film is quite (amuse).
5 Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in the past or past progressive tense.
1. I was reading a book when suddenly I heard (hear) a noise.
2. While Rose was cooking (cook) dinner, her husband went to work.
3. While Sandra and Kathy were talking in the living-room,the doorbell rang (ring).
4. Ben played (play) in a basketball team when he was a kid.
5. When Sharon came (come) home, her brother was playing video games.
6. When Angela got home, he was making (make) some coffee.
7. They were sleeping when the burglars broke (break) in.
8. We were having (have) a lessonwhenweheard a terrriblenoise.
9. Whilel (cycle), the rain started.
10. He (injure) hisarmwhile he was playing basketball.
11. She met him while she (travel) on a train.
12. While the woman was getting off the bus, she (fall down).
13. The thief (steal) our valuables while we were sleeping.
14. John took a photo while I (not/look).
15. While my mum was working in the garden, she (hurt) her back.
16. We were living in Hanoi when our old aunt (die).
17. When I got up this morning, it (rain) heavily.
18. While my dad was brushing teeth, my mum (fall asleep).
19. I saw a nightmare while I (sleep) last night.
20. What happened in your dream while a monster (chase) you?
6 Fill in the gaps with the correct verb tense.
Teenagers Are Changing the World
My 16-year-old son, Dylan, 1. told (tell) everyone that one of the most amazing experiences of
his life 2. was (be) the trip he 3. took (take) to Costa Rica in the summer of 2005. Most people4.
Would assum(assume) that this 5. was (be) a vacation - that he 6. was (be), perhaps,
surfing the waves! But Dylan 7. spent (spend) almost the entire ten days of the trip building
houses for local residents. It 8. was (be) hard, dirty work. The conditions 9.were (be)
primitive and the days10. were (be) long. I never 11. thought (think) that my
typical teen would be willing to climb up on a hot roof every day, but he 12.loved (love) every
minute of it! The feeling of camaraderie with his fellow workers, and the eternal and loving gratitude
of the people he 13. (help), 14
(make) this an unforgettable experience.
Encouraging teens to do volunteer work 15. was (be) one of the most important things you can
16. (do) for them as a parent. And the amazing thing 17. (be), once they 18.
(get) a taste of it, teenagers 19. (love) to volunteer! In 2004, 55 percent of American
teenagers 20. (volunteer)-almost twice the rate of adults, according to the Corporation for
National and Community Service. And students who 21. (do) volunteer work actually 22.
(do) better in school than those who 23. (not/volunteer). Albert Schweitzer once 24.
(say), "The only ones among you who 25. Will be (be) truly happy 26. Will be
(be) those who 27. sought (seek) and
found how to serve." In fact, volunteering 28. (provide) many benefits for teens,
including increased self-esteem, a feeling of being valued, the opportunity to meet new people, the
acquisition of valuable new skills, and a lifetime of wonderful memories and experiences.
 Volunteer opportunities for adolescents 29.are not (not/be) difficult to find. Some organizations
may 30. (have) age restrictions if the job 31. (involve) a certain amount of risk, but
opportunities 32. (abound) for all ages! One of the best places to start 33. (be) with
your local church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. My kids 34. (find) volunteer
opportunities through the Parks and Recreation Department, hospitals, nature centres, libraries, children's
museums, community and teen centres, and just through word of mouth. My 13-year-old 35.
(have) a great time as a volunteer at a boat show, which 36. (raise)
funds for charity. 37. (not/be) afraid to ask around. Most people 38. (jump) at the
chance to put a volunteer to work!
When teenagers 39. learn (learn) to serve others, they 40. become (become) empowered. They
41. (grow) up knowing that they can 42. (make) a difference in the world. Just
imagine what this kind of attitude can accomplish when our adolescents 43. are (be) soon the
leaders of society! Making the world a better place 44. (start) by 45. (show) our kids
how they can 46. (be) part of impacting the future through volunteering.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/qkcHbt)
C READING
1 Read the following texts about orphan kangaroos. Then, answer
the questions.
These cute baby kangaroos have unfortunately lost their mothers to
traffic accidents, a sadly common occurrencein Australia. But luckily,
volunteerslike Sam and Owen are on hand to look after them.
"She came with me to the university, just about everyone in my class
has hadcuddles with her. Especially during exam time, she's a bit of a
stress-relief. Just hand her around and she has cuddles!" Sam said.
Their work doesn't just involve looking after the orphans. It has a wider significance.
Owen said, “We go to schools and we go to markets and fairs and have all the animals there, so people
who may generally not come in contact with these animals - we give them that opportunity to and that
way, they can see, they can touch and they can get up and close with these animals and they build their
connection with the animals, with the environment and they're able to see the significance of their
actions.''
(Text and image retrieved from: https://goo.gl/MfLo92)
1. Match each word / phrase from the text with its definition.
i. occurrence a. available
ii. on hand b. a child / animal whose parents are dead
iii. to have cuddles c. importance
iv. orphan d. incident
v. significance e. very close to
vi. up and close f. to be close to somebody and touch or hug him
2. What is true about the baby kangaroos mentioned in the text?
A. They cause traffic accidents.
B. They are taken away from their mothers.
C. They are taken care of by humans.
3. What do volunteers do as part of their work?
A. They bring the animals to different places.
B. They rescue the orphans from the forest.
 D. They have cuddles with other people.
4. What is the importance of letting other people pet the kangaroos?
A. To raise awareness about wildlife and the environment.
B. To encourage people to touch animals.
C. To allow people to build confidence around wild animals.
2. Read the following texts about pets in costumes. Then, answer the questions.
Nearly 70 pets including dogs, cats, and even a guinea pig
dressed up for the annual pet Halloween costume competition
'Scaredy Cats and Dogs' in Manila, Philippines.
A charity organises the event, and the charity is called the
Philippine Animal Welfare Society or PAWS, and the organisers
hope that the event encourages people to see animals in a
different light and to adopt them.

An animal shelter volunteer explained that they frequently attend events such as this to show how
beautiful dogs and cats are in costumes. They also want to raise awareness that pets should not be hurt or
kicked.
(Text and image retrieved from: https://goo.gl/qitxyp)
1. Match each word/phrase from the text with its definition.
i. annual a. motivate somebody to do something
ii. encourage b. make people notice something
iii. in a different light c. happening every year
iv. animal shelter d. a safe place for animals
v. raise awareness e. in a new way
2. What do we learn about the Halloween costume competition from the first paragraph?
A. People dress up as their pets for the competition.
B. The competition happens once a year.
C. The competition takes place in America.
3 What is the purpose of organising the competition?
A. To encourage people to buy pets.
B. To showcase beautiful pets for adoption.
C. To remind people to be kind to pets.
3. Read the following texts about saving Cambodian temples. Then decide if the statements are
True or False.
A team of 30 young volunteers are trying to raise money to help
save isolated Kampong Preah temples that people built over 1,200
years ago in a remote area in Cambodia.
SokemeanSrin explained that the temples were built in the 8th
century, which makes them older than Angkor Wat, but unfortunately
they are little known. That is why he decided to organise a cultural
charity rip to raise funds to support the historical site and to promote
tourism in the area, which is so remote that it can only be reached by boat.
Despite a third of the complex being destroyed, the temples still host religious ceremonies and provide
communal space for a nearby floating village.
(Text and image retrieved from: https://goo.gl/TgNQFQ)
1. True/False 3. True/False
2. True/False 4. True/False
 5. True/False The team of volunteers are trying to rebuild the temples.
6. True/False The temples are over 1200 years old.
7. True/False The temples are more famous than Angkor Wat.
8. True/False The temples are located in a popular tourist area.
The volunteers try to encourage people to visit the temples.
You have to travel by boat to get to the temples.
Most of the temples have been destroyed.
Local people still use the temples to organise religious ceremonies.
4. Read the following texts about saving disabled children learning to surf. Then, answer the
questions.
Around 40 Australian children with disabilities can enjoy surfing
lessons once a month, thanks to volunteers from the Gold Coast
Disabled Surfers Association.
The mother of a four-year-old child who was born with cerebral
palsy* was happy t o see her son have a great time. She said that she
had never seen him so happy apart from the time when he went horse riding.
One of the volunteers said that many of the children do not get a chance to come to the beach, so
sometimes this is the first time that they have ever been in the ocean.
* cerebral palsy: bệnh bại não
(Text and image retrieved from: https://goo.gl/AdqlJC)
1. What do volunteers at the Gold Coast Disabled Surfers Association do?

2. How did the four-year-old with cerebral palsy feel about surfing?

3. According to the volunteer, why is surfing a special experience for some children?

5 Read the text about Christine Bushaway. Then, answer the questions.
Christine Bushaway is a bright, positive, warm, friendly teenager.
She seems just a little older than her real age of nineteen, but apart
from this, no one would think there was anything unusual about her.
But, as I found out when I went to interview her at her flat in east
London, Christine Bushaway is no ordinary teenager at all.
She works as a Community Service Volunteer (CSV). The CSV is a
government volunteer agency and its workers help people in the
community who are having problems or are less able to look after themselves than other people. A CSV
worker might help old people, young people or people with special needs. It's not an easy job: you need to
be emotionally strong as well - and you don't get paid.
Christine helps in a school for children with disabilities* and learning difficulties. She works with the
teacher in the classroom, helping the children through painting, maths and English, taking them out to
play and bringing them back in again. The job brought many challenges for her. 'At first I'd never seen
children with severe special needs', she says. 'So it was quite shocking for me at first. I was very sad to
see these children, the way they were. Some of them have emotional difficulties. Some of them get
violent, and they jump about and hit and kick, but they don't understand what they're doing, so you have
to be careful with them. Some have physical disabilities, and are in wheelchairs. Sometimes they're really
intelligent, and it's their physical disabilities that are holding them back.'
 She says she would recommend anyone to do community service work, for the sense of enjoyment and
fulfillment it gives. 'But', she adds, 'it's not for everybody.'
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/3hHHPE)
Match each word to its correct definition.
1. ordinary a. a condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities
2. special needs b. involving physical force intended to hurt or damage
3. disability c. suggest
4. severe d. serious
5. violent e. satisfaction or happiness
6. recommend f. normal
7. fulfilment g. particular educational requirements resulting from learning difficulties
Decide if each statement is True or False.
8. True/False Christine is older than 19.
9. True/False Christine is a normal teenager.
10. True/False Christine volunteers her time to help people with disabilities.
11. True/False Christine receives no money for her work.
12. True/False Christine works as a teacher for children with special needs.
13. True/False Al first, Christine was surprised with the serious disabilities of some children.
14. True/False Some of the children tried to hit her on purpose.
15. True/False Some children with physical disabilities can be very smart.
16. True/False Christine said everyone should work with disabled children.
Answer the following question.
17. Have you ever worked with disabled children? If yes, how was your experience? If no, would you
like to?

D WRITING
1 Rewrite the sentences in the past tense, using the time expression in brackets.
1. The sun shines its rays through the green leaves. (Yesterday)
The sun shined its rays through the green leaves yesterday
2. My cat bites me when I try to hold her. (Last night)
My cat bit me when i tried to hold her last night.
3. I wake up at 5a.m. this morning to catch a flight. (Last Monday)
I woke up at 5a.m in the morning to catch a flight last monday
4. The whole class stand up when the teacher comes in. (Yesterday)
The whole class stood up when the teacher came in yesterday
5. He rides his horse every Saturday. (Last Saturday)
He rode his horse last saturday
6. My mom always hides the presents until Christmas morning. (Last year)
My mom always hide the present until Christmas morning last year
7. She often forgets/forgot to turn off the lights when going out. (Last night)

8. I feel/felt really good when I donate my clothes to the poor. (Last year)

9. Some of the boys in my class fight each other today. (Yesterday)

10. I feed the poor at a local soup kitchen at the weekend. (Last Sunday)

2 Read the following advertisement for volunteer opportunities.

Volunteer Opportunities
Volunteer Opportunities
You're in: Volunteer calendar » Help salvage native plants

Get involved in the Native Plant Salvage Program!

People from all around King County can volunteer for the Department of Natural Resources' Native Plant Salvage
Write to us now to apply!

You are interested in becoming part of the Native Plant Salvage Program in King County. Write an
application letter to be part of the volunteer team.
You can use these prompts if necessary:
- Experience working with plants: grew up on a farm; planted vegetables
- Want to preserve the environment
- Hardworking, patient, eager to learn
- Availability for interview: afterschool on weekdays; weekends
- Availability for volunteer work: afterschool on weekdays; weekends Native Plant Salvage
Program Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
… I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours
faithfully, Mai
Tran