Name ________________ _____ Score 1st

Q English 7
Module 3 Adverb and Adjective Clauses
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Recognize an adjective clause when you find one.
An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause—will meet these three requirements:
• First, it will contain a subject and a verb.
• Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) or a relative adverb (when, where, or why).
• Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?
Examples Explanation
Examples Explanation

I received a birthday present that I didn’t like. You have to The adjective clause identifies which present. An adjective
trust sellers whom you’ve never met. Omidyar changed to clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb.
a business account, which was not free. It describes or identifies the noun before it. It is a dependent
clause. In these examples, the adjective clauses describe the
nouns: present, sellers, and account.
Recognize an adverbial clause when you find one.
Adverbial clauses or Adverb clauses are groups of words with a subject and a predicate that function as adverbs in a
sentence. Just like adverbs, they answer the questions “when?”, “where?”, “how?”, “why?” to describe time, place, manner,
purpose, etc.:
 Before you leave, please turn off the lights.
 The show will start after the sun goes down.
 She acted like it was a joke.
 We canceled the trip because the weather has gotten worse.
Adverb Clause vs. Adjective Clause
Not that we have learned how to tell apart adverbial clauses and adverbial phrases, it’s time to learn how to distinguish
between adverbial clauses and adjective clauses. Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns. Just like
with adverbial clauses, when trying to identify adjective clauses it is important to determine what kind of questions the clause
answers. Adjective clauses describe nouns or noun phrases by answering the questions “which?” or “what type of?”
Another distinctive feature of adjective clauses is that you can’t move them in the sentence without ruining the
grammatical structure of the sentence. With adverbial clauses, this is usually not a problem and their position in the sentence can be
changed fairly easily.
When you move the adjective clause, the sentence usually makes no sense. This is actually an easy way to determine
whether the clause you are analyzing is an adjective clause or an adverbial clause. If you are not sure, just try moving the clause
around in the sentence. With adjective clauses, you will immediately notice that the sentence becomes weird. With adverbial
clauses, you can normally move the clause without too much trouble.

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!
FT1 Underline all the adjective clause in this text.
Did you ever want to sell a birthday present that you didn’t like? Or an old toy that is taking up space in your closet? In the old
days, buyers and sellers were limited to newspapers, garage sales, and flea markets in the area where they lived. But in the early 1990s,
when people started to use the Internet, Pierre Omidyar had an idea. Omidyar, who was working as a computer programmer, realized that
sellers no longer had to be limited to finding buyers who lived in their local area. He came up with the idea of eBay, which he started as a
hobby. He didn’t charge money at first because he wasn’t sure eBay would work. Buying online requires you to trust sellers whom
you’ve never met. But people liked eBay. Soon there was so much activity on eBay that his Internet service provider upgraded his site to
a business account, which was no longer free. So Omidyar started to charge the sellers a small fee for each sale. Before long, this hobby
grew into a big business. By 1998, eBay had become so big that Omidyar needed a business expert. He brought in Meg Whitman, whose
knowledge of business helped make eBay a success. She changed eBay from a company that sold used things in several categories to a
large marketplace of seventy-eight million items, both new and used, in fifty thousand categories. Many companies that start out well on
the Internet later fail. When Whitman left the company, it started to decline. In 2008, John Donahoe was brought in as the new CEO. He
fired many people who had been working there for years. He understood that smartphones and tablets were changing the way that people
shopped; people no longer had to shop from their home computers. He created an eBay app so that people could shop 24/7 and could pay
with one click. eBay, which was about to follow other Internet businesses into decline, was brought back to life. By the time Omidyar
was 31, he was worth more than $7 billion. The money that he has earned is much more than he needs. He and his wife signed a promise,
the Giving Pledge, to give away the majority of their wealth during their lifetime to help others.

English 7 page 2 2nd Q

FT2 Fill in the word that marks the beginning of the adjective clause
1. Amazon was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos, _______ predicted that the Internet offered an opportunity to make money.
2. Amazon, _______ is now the largest online retailer, began by selling books.
3. First Bezos made a list of about 20 products could be sold online. He eventually decided on selling books.
4. Bezos wanted a name _______ began with “A.” He decided on Amazon, because it is a place ______is “exotic and different.”
5. But a good company name is not enough. Bezos needed to hire people _______ are talents would improve the company.
6. Since many big Internet companies started in a garage, Bezos decided to buy a house _______ had a garage.
7. Bezos needed money to start his company. He went to his parents, _______ first response was “What’s the Internet?”
8. Some people thought _______ his parents would lose all the money they invested.
9. His parents, _______ invested $300,000 in his business, believed in their son's project.
10. The 1990s was _______ people were just beginning to use the Internet.
11. Bezos created _______ a place customer could make recommendations to other users.
12. Bezos and his parents were never unhappy about the decision _______he made in 1994.
FT3 Underline the adjective clause in each of these sentences. Encircle the word it modifies.
1. Amazon was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos, who predicted that the Internet offered an opportunity to make money.
2. Amazon, which is now the largest online retailer, began by selling books.
3. First he made a list of about twenty products that could be sold online. He eventually decided on selling books.
4. Bezos wanted a name that began with “A.” He decided on Amazon, because it is a place that is “exotic and different.”
5. But a good company name is not enough. He needed to hire people whose talents would improve the company.
6. Since many big Internet companies started in a garage, he decided to buy a house that had a garage.
7. He needed money to start his company. He went to his parents, whose first response was “What’s the Internet?”
8. Some people thought that his parents would lose all the money that they invested.
9. The 1990s was a time when people were just beginning to use the Internet.
10. Bezos created a place where customers could make recommendations to other users.
11. He and his parents were never unhappy about the decision that he made in 1994.
FT4 Underline the adverb clause in each of these sentences. Encircle the word it modifies.
1. While the cat's away, the mice will play. 8. Life is what happens when you are making other plans.
2. A lie travels around the world while truth is putting her 9. As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily
boots on. appealing.
3. If you don't know where you are going, any road will get 10. Everything is funny, as long as it's happening to
you there. somebody else.
4. Memory is deceptive because it is colored by today's 11. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
events. 12. If you want something done right, you have to do it
5. Never look down on anybody unless you're helping him yourself.
up. 13. When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
6. You have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a 14. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
handsome prince. 15. Cowards die many times before their death.
7. Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is
time to pause and reflect.
FT4 Underline the adverbial clause in each of these sentences. Identify the word it modifies. Write it in the blank.
______________1. Although she hasn’t finished her work, she is watching a movie.
______________2. When they went to the zoo, she saw an elephant for the first time in her life.
______________3. If you pay your bills on time, you can have a good credit score.
______________4. Because he loved her, he didn't believe she was having an affair.
______________5. Once they saw the car coming, the birds flew away from the road.
______________6. Although she has a business degree, she is working as a retail clerk.
______________7. Now that everyone has left the party, we need to start cleaning.
______________8. Unless you put in more hours, I cannot recommend you for the promotion.
______________9. Chocolate, because it melts at low temperatures, can be tricky to bake with.
______________10. Bob, after he bought his new boat, was rarely seen at home.
______________11. My grandmother, when she was angry, was better left alone.
______________12. I don’t think he needs much sleep because he calls me at all hours of the day.
_____________ 13. We canceled the trip because the weather has gotten worse.
______________14. Chocolate, because it has a low melting point, can be difficult to bake with.
______________15. Marty kept his schedule open in case his wife went into labor.
_____________ 16. He remembered, after he left the house, that he needed to mail the thank you cards.
______________17. You must keep practicing the song until you get it right.
______________18. The cat made herself at home in the apartment as if she had always lived there.
______________19. We can swim in the pool as soon as you put on sunscreen.
______________20. I never knew how wonderful life could be until I met you.
END!