TEACHING COMMON COMPETENCIES IN HOME ECONOMICS

QUIZ

I. Supply the needed information.

1. Differentiate risk and hazard.

2. List the types of hazard and give at least two (2) examples for each hazard.
3. Types of Family. Briefly explain each type.
4. Tools used in giving pediatric oral drugs.
5. Methods to calculate pediatric drugs. Describe each briefly.

II. Identify the term being described.

1. Home management to the very young and old with minor illness, chronic
condition and disabilities.
2. Family’s ability to cope with crisis and develop from its experiences is an
indicator of a healthy relationship.
3. To deal accordingly with an unacceptable health condition
4. Consultation to heath workers if health needs is beyond the family’s
capability.
5. Home with atmosphere of security and comfort to allow psychosocial
development.

Write your answers on a one whole yellow paper. Submit tomorrow (November 2,
2021) until 11:00 am.
…(continuation of Midterm Module)

LESSON 1: DRESSMAKING TOOLS, MATERIALS, AND EQUIPMENT

Learning Outcome:

Identify dressmaking tools, materials, and equipment.

DISCUSSION

What is dressmaking?

- The dictionary defines this as the art of sewing clothes and dresses like sewing
a beautiful dress from a fabric. The individual who sews clothing for women
is commonly known as dressmaker. A dressmaker may also cater to the needs
of men depending on her training, but casually a tailor does the job.
SELF CHECK 1
 SELF CHECK 2

LESSON 2: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN IN

DRESSMAKING

Learning Outcome:

Differentiate the elements and principles of design in dressmaking.

DISCUSSION

ELEMENST OF DESIGN

1. LINE. This is the very basic and simplest element of design. There are two
types of lines referred to:
OUTLINE- refers to the outer edge of the design
STYLE LINE- refers to the lines that divide up the space inside of
the outline. Style lines are created through several things like belts,
ruffles, seams, a color line, or a pocket.
2. FORM/ SHAPE. Form refers to the shape and structure or the entire outline
of the garment. This is commonly known as silhouette which is the most
obvious visual element of a garment. The function of silhouette is to
complement the shape of the body. In some instances, exaggeration is made
to create an effect to emphasize a certain part of the body to go along with
the trend. In fashion design, the common shapes seen are round, square,
triangle, rectangle and oblong.
3. TEXTURE. This refers to the surface quality of an item like fabric. How it
feels when touched whether it is coarse, fine, smooth, wrinkled, sleek,
glossy, and slippery would contribute to the design of the dress. Textures as
 well as lines may create illusions, so it is important that one must choose
textures for clothes that will harmonize with the over-all design of the dress.
You may also consider these points in choosing fabrics:
• A rough bulky fabric tends to increase the size of a design while
the smooth one decreases it.
• A soft wool will give a quite different effect from the gloss and
sheen of the satin of an evening dress.
4. COLOR. This is the most important element of design. Color of the dress
one wears attracts the attention of people around him/her. It has an enormous
effect on how one feels.

Some pints to consider in choosing the color of the fabric:

• Black, dark tones or deep-gray colors- The figure will appear
smaller or slimmer than bright or light colors.
• Plain color- It makes the figure looks slimmer than using a
combination of contrasting colors.
• Large designs in prints, plaids, or stripes- It is not advisable for
one with a very small or slim figure.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. PROPORTION. This refers to the relationship of one [art of the design to

the whole design. The feeling of unity is present when all parts such as the
size, numbers, or amounts relate well with one another.
2. BALANCE. This refers to two types of balance:
SYMMETRICAL BALANCE- when the outfit is divided right down
at the middle with both sides exactly the same.
ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE- is the opposite of symmetrical
balance, thus if the outfit is divided right down the middle and both
sides are not the same, this is asymmetrical.
3. HARMONY. It is the unity of all the principles, the overall look of a
garment which creates a sense of completeness. A good combination of
color, size, shapes, lines and texture which goes along well with another is a
factor in harmony of a garment.
4. EMPHASIS. This refers to the center of interest of a garment. An evening
gown with a huge flower or a bow on it is a good example. The huge flower
or bow is considered the prominent element which is emphasized on the
gown and grabs the attention of the onlooker. It is something that stands out
from the rest of the elements that are used in the gown.
5. RHYTHM. This is the smooth flow and repeated use of lines, textures,
color, shape, and pattern. This creates a pattern that the eyes can follow
throughout the design. Rhythm is detected through the following:
a. REPETITION- this is achieved by regular recurrence of the
motifs of design, shapes, buttons, and pleats.
b. PROGRESSION- this is also termed as gradation which means
the gradual increase or decrease of the same elements of design.
 c. TRANSITION- this is created when the eye is directed from one
element to another. An example is when a curve line leads the eye
to an angle.
d. RADIATION- this is created when the eye is directed to different
directions.
e. CONTINOUS LINE MOVEMENT- this type of rhythm is made
when the eye moves in continuous lines such as flowing lines f
trims, bands of color, designs of fabrics.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

1. EQUIPMENT STORAGE. Tools and equipment should be kept all safe all
the time. Secure drawers, cupboard sections, boxes or any items that are
hazardous to everyone.
Scissors, rotary cutters, needles, safety pins and other sharp items
should be kept and locked cabinets, especially if there are kids around.
See to it that your shears used for cutting fabrics are not used in cutting
anything else except textile materials.
2. SEWING AREA. The sewing space has to be organized in such a manner
that there is freedom in moving around the place. Hanging things from the
walls and shelves should be avoided to prevent such from falling over and
damage or injure someone.
3. PERSONAL SAFETY. Sewing may cause pains or injuries to your body
after long hours of bending and setting down. Backpain, headache, fatigue,
restrained eyesight and similar injuries can be prevented by considering the
following sewing rules:
• Ergonomics. Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or
postures, repetitive movement, and other ergonomic hazards
contribute to the rising number of cumulative trauma disorders
(CTD). CT affects hands, wrist, elbows, arms, shoulders, the lower
back and the cervical spine area. Structures involved include
tendons, muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. Strategies for
reduction of hazards that contribute to CTD must be developed
through a well-written ergonomic plan of the company.
• Clothing and Hair. Dressmakers should consider some of these
important rules:
▪ Avoid loose or hanging accessories. Wear something
comfortable, semi-fitted to the body.
▪ Remove everything that can get caught into the machinery.
▪ Tie long hair securely at the back.
▪ Closed shoes should always be worn when sewing and cutting.
• Pins. This is very important to a dressmaker but extra care must be
considered to avoid damage. Always be aware that you are using
pins. Never put them in your mouth. A wrist pin cushion is safe to
use and remove immediately after working with pins.

Hazards may be encountered when using the sewing machine such as:
 • Cuts and injuries from sharp edges like scissors, blades, knifes, and
pins.
• Finger injuries while sewing
• Improper lifting procedures of heavy objects
• Poor posture which may cause back injury
• Eye strain from poor lighting

Safety Operating Procedure in Using the Sewing Machine

The aforementioned hazards could be prevented by the following:

1. Permission to use the sewing machine must be given by the teacher.

2. Use of machine should be prohibited if you have no proper training and
instruction on its safe use and operation.
3. Has read and understood the instruction sheet with complete safety test with
100% score.

Pre- Operational Safety

1. Before working with the sewing machine, check all parts specifically its cord
if=n good working condition.
2. Adjustments and settings must be in placed before starting any sewing
operation.
3. Clean the workplace, free of obstacles, rubbish and other similar obstruction.

Sewing Machine Safety Operating Procedure

1. See to it that all other persons who are not part of the workforce are away from
the sewing area or workplace.
2. The machine must be operated by one person only at a time.
3. When someone is sewing, another person is prohibited to touch the machine
in operation.
4. Loose clothing especially with long sleeves and neck ties should not be worn
while sewing.
5. When changing presser foot and needle, and making some machine
adjustments, power should be switched off.
6. Racing the sewing machine at high speed is prohibited.
7. Extra care must be observed not to run machine over pins and small objects.
8. See to it that the take-up lever is in a=upper position before pulling out fabrics
the fabric and cutting threads.
9. Fabrics should not be pushed while sewing; the machine will do the work with
our hands guiding the fabric.
 SELF CHECK 3

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Dinah is slim figured-lady. She wanted to buy fabric for a party. She chose
fabric with big horizontal lines t look bigger. What element of design did she
consider?
a. Form
b. Line
c. Texture
d. Color
2. Sharon who is fat lady always wears dark tone or deep-color clothes because
of one reason. What is it?
a. Her figure will appear smaller
b. Her weight will be lighter
c. Her body will appear sexy and attractive
d. Her favorite color is dark
3. Perla’s evening gown was simple but it has a huge flower at the left side of
her waste line. Which principle of design was considered here by Perla?
a. Rhythm
b. Emphasis
c. Harmony
d. Balance
4. Ebon bought a fabric for her mother’s birthday dress. She emphasized the
color, shapes, lines and texture which go along well with another. Which
principle of design was considered by Ebon?
a. Balance
b. Harmony
c. Emphasis
d. Rhythm
5. Daisy bought a black fabric cloth for her Junior-Senior promenade evening
gown. She looked elegant during that night. Which element of design attracted
the audience to her?
a. Texture
b. Color
c. Line
d. Form