Scribd
Upload
70 views33 pages

Dear God,: IF I Am Wrong, Correct Me. IF I Am Lost, Guide Me. IF I Start To Give Up, Keep Me Going

This document discusses mathematical language and symbols. It defines mathematical expressions and sentences, and explains how expressions do not have truth values while sentences do. It provides examples of common types of expressions like numbers, sets, and functions. The document also discusses translating between mathematical phrases and symbolic representations. Activities are included for students to practice these translations.

Uploaded by

opawbuna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views33 pages

Dear God,: IF I Am Wrong, Correct Me. IF I Am Lost, Guide Me. IF I Start To Give Up, Keep Me Going

This document discusses mathematical language and symbols. It defines mathematical expressions and sentences, and explains how expressions do not have truth values while sentences do. It provides examples of common types of expressions like numbers, sets, and functions. The document also discusses translating between mathematical phrases and symbolic representations. Activities are included for students to practice these translations.

Uploaded by

opawbuna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Dear God,

IF I am wrong, correct me.


IF I am lost, guide me.
IF I start to give up,
keep me going.
May the darkness of sin and
the night of unbelief vanish before
the light of the Word and the Spirit of grace.

And may the heart of Jesus live


in the hearts of all people.

AMEN.
MODULE 2

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
AND SYMBOLS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC
At the end of this subsection, the student MODULE 2. Mathematics Language
should be able to:
and Symbols
• Discuss the language of mathematics in terms
of its syntax, structure or elements
1) Conventions of Mathematical Language
• Translate mathematical sentences and
2) Sets
expressions into symbols and vice-versa
3) Functions and Relations
• Demonstrate understanding of basic concepts
in sets, functions, relations, and binary 4) Binary Operations
operations 5) Elementary Logic
• Become familiar with the formalism of
contemporary logic – its statements and
symbols
• Recognize that mathematics as a rich language
is governed by logic and reasoning
OUTLINE

Module 2. Mathematical Language and Symbols


2.1 Conventions of mathematical language:

Core idea: Like any language, mathematics has its own symbols,
syntax, structure and rules.

Characteristics of mathematical language:


precise, concise, and powerful

Mathematical expressions and mathematical sentences

2.2 Sets
2.3 Functions, and Relations
2.4 Binary Operations
2.5 Elementary logic
Required readings:

1. The Language of Mathematics


https://www.onemathematicalcat.org/pdf_files/LANG1.pdf

2. The Language of Mathematics


https://www.mathsisfun.com/mathematics-language.html

3. Mathematical Language
http://www.mash.dept.shef.ac.uk/Resources/web-mathlanguage.pdf
Conventions in Mathematics

▪ CAPITAL LETTERS are used to -


name a dot or a set
label vertices of a polygon
(When naming an angle using three letters, the middle letter must be the vertex.)

▪ PEMDAS rule

▪ Use the name of the definition, postulate or theorem instead of writing its content
(Ex. Using the expression “2k + 1” to denote an odd number)

▪ Always express fractions in simplest form

▪ Distances in a coordinate system are non-negative

▪ When constructing a Venn diagram, we represent universal set using a rectangle


and various sets of objects using circular regions including those regions formed
by intersection of circles
Characteristics of mathematical language

PRECISE - able to make very fine disticntions


(definitions)

CONCISE - to be able to say things briefly


(symbols)

POWERFUL - able to express complex thoughts


with relative ease
The Grammar of Mathematics
Definition
Structural rules governing the use of symbols
representing mathematical objects
Examples:
1) 4 is the principal square root of 16
2) 4 is less than 6
3) 4 is an element of set A
Comparison:
1) “is” → means equal
2) “is” → means inequality
3) “is” → means membership in a set
Some Difficulties in the Mathematical Language
Remember Mathematics has conventions…
(say, rules that dictate how to carry out the computations of an arithmetic
expression ...)

RULES for the order of operations:


1) Do first what are INSIDE the parentheses… P

2) Evaluate all expressions with exponents. E

3) Multiply, divide whichever comes first. M/D

4) Add, subtract whichever comes first. A/S


EX. 1

EX. 2
EX. 3
ACTIVITY #1

Let’s PLAY …

“TRICK GAMES”
UNGRADED ACTIVITY (ORAL RECITATION)

Get a pen/pencil and a clean scratch paper.


For #1, NO calculator, please.

READY???
ACTIVITY #1: “Think-of-a-number” Tricks

Number trick 1

Think of a number.
Double it.
Add 9.
Subtract 3.
Divide by 2.
Subtract your original number .

The answer is _____ .


Number trick 2

Pick ANY positive 3 digit number in the universe.


Multiply by 7.
Multiply by 11.
Multiply by 13.

The answer is _____ .


Number trick 3

Write down any two different numbers from 1 to 9.

Then reverse the two numbers.


(You should have two two-digit numbers.)

Subtract the smaller number from the larger one.

Take the result, reverse the digits, and


add that number to the one you got when you subtracted.

The answer is _____ .


“Mind reading” trick 4

Choose a single-digit number, multiply it by 9,


and if the answer has two digits add them together.

Subtract 5 from what you have, giving you a number.

Turn the number into a letter by the rule A=1, B=2, etc.

Think of a (4-letter word) animal beginning with your letter.

Take the last letter of your animal and


think of another animal that begins with that letter.

Name your animal… and the other animal …


BREAK TIME ( 5 mins. ONLY )

OPPS ! When you get back, bring with you another


piece of clean paper.
Mathematical Expressions and Mathematical Sentences

Sentences state a complete thought;


expressions don’t.

mathematical sentence has truth ( true or false );


mathematical expression none.

Expressions: may be numbers, sets, functions,


ordered pairs, matrices, vectors, etc.
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS
a correct arrangement of mathematical symbols used to represent
a mathematical object of interest
it doesn't make sense to ask its truth value
common types: numbers, sets and functions
EXAMPLES: x + 3y, V(H) , x or y

MATHEMATICAL SENTENCES
a correct arrangement of mathematical symbols that states a
complete thought
it makes sense to ask about its truth value
contains verb (equal sign or inequality symbol)
may contain a connective (operations, logical connectives)
EXAMPLES: x + 3y < 5, 6x2 + 3x - 2 = 0, V = L x W x H
Which are mathematical expressions? Mathematical
sentences? If mathematical sentence, is it true or false?

1) 1+1 =11
2) 1+10 – 6 = x
3) x or y and z
4) What is the unknown?
5) x+ 0 = x
ACTIVITY #2. TRANSLATING
ASSIGNMENT
MORE!!!
Translate each mathematical sentence using mathematical symbols.

16) 5 is a natural number

17) x is a positive integer

18) y is a multiple of 6

19) The cube of a number is not equal to 10

20) Any three consecutive even integers


The END of Module 2.1.

I hope you did the Activities.


A graded Activity will be posted very soon
(just wait for the Announcements).

Thank you.
OPPS!

Do you have these answers to “tricks”?


(BUT SOLUTIONS ARE MORE IMPORTANT!!!)

1. 3
2. Original number repeated twice
3. 99
4. A possible answer could be: deer; rabbit
Translating phrases into mathematical expressions and vice-versa
Translating phrases into mathematical expressions
and vice-versa
MORE!!!
Translate each mathematical sentence using mathematical symbols.

16) 5 is a natural number 5 ∈ 𝑵 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑵 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑠.


17) x is a positive integer x ∈ 𝒁+ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒁+ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠

18) y is a multiple of 6 y = 6k whe𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝒁

19) The cube of a number is not equal to 10 n3 ≠ 10

20) Any three consecutive even integers


𝑛, 𝑛 + 2, 𝑛 + 4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟

You might also like