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The document discusses power generation sources, heat rate, transmission voltages, efficiency of steam power plants, distribution losses in India, industrial tariff structures, contract demand, maximum demand reduction, power factor calculations, loss reductions from improved power factor and transmission voltages, efficiency calculations from generation to end-use, transformer losses, voltage fluctuations, total harmonic distortion and its effects, sources of harmonics, optimal capacitor bank locations, transformer efficiency ranges, and power factor definitions in electricity bills.

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Adil Turebaev
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29 views

Answers For Questions

The document discusses power generation sources, heat rate, transmission voltages, efficiency of steam power plants, distribution losses in India, industrial tariff structures, contract demand, maximum demand reduction, power factor calculations, loss reductions from improved power factor and transmission voltages, efficiency calculations from generation to end-use, transformer losses, voltage fluctuations, total harmonic distortion and its effects, sources of harmonics, optimal capacitor bank locations, transformer efficiency ranges, and power factor definitions in electricity bills.

Uploaded by

Adil Turebaev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Name different types of power generation sources.

A: The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, nuclear energy, and falling water (hydel) are
commonly used energy sources in the power generating plant.
2. The temperatures encountered in power plant boilers is of the order of ((c) 1300°C)
3. What do you understand by the term "Heat Rate"?
A: “HEAT RATE” is the heat input in kilo Calories or kilo Joules, for generating ‘one’ kilo Watt-
hour of electrical output.
4. Explain why power is generated at lower voltage and transmitted at higher voltages
A: This electrical energy to be generated at relatively low voltages and transmitted at high
voltages and low currents, thus reducing line losses and voltage drop.
5. The efficiency of steam based power plant is of the order of ((A) 28-35%)
6. The technical T & D loss in India is estimated to be ((C) 17%)
7. What are the typical billing components of the two-part tariff structure of industrial utility?
A: The electricity billing by utilities for medium & large enterprises, in High Tension (HT)
category, is often done on two-part tariff structure, i.e. one part for capacity (or demand) drawn
and the second part for actual energy drawn during the billing cycle.
8. Define contract demand and billing demand.
A: Some utilities charge Maximum Demand on the basis of minimum billing demand, which may
be between 75 to 100% of the contract demand or actual recorded demand whichever is higher
9. What are the areas to be looked into for maximum demand reduction in industry?
A:
10. A trivector-meter with half-hour cycle has the following inputs during the maximum demand

period:
What is the maximum demand during the half-hour interval?

11. Power factor is the ratio of ((a) kW/kVA)


12. A 3-phase, 415 V, 100 kW induction motor is drawing 50 kW at a 0.75 PF Calculate the capacitor
rating requirements at motor terminals for improving PF to 0.95. Also calculate the reduction in
current drawn and kVA reduction, from the point of installation back to the generated side due
to the improved PF.
A:
13. A process plant consumes of 12500 kWh per month at 0.9 Power Factor (PF). What is the
percentage reduction in distribution losses per month if PF is improved up to 0.96 at load end?
A:
14. What is the % loss reduction, if an 11 kV supply line is converted into 33 kV supply system for
the same length and electrical load application?
A:
15. The efficiency at various stages from power plant to end-use is given below. Efficiency of power
generation in a power plant is 30 %. The T & D losses are 23 %. The distribution loss of the plant
is 6 %. Equipment end use efficiency is 65 %. What is the overall system efficiency from
generation to end-use?
A:
16. A unit has a 2 identical 500 kVA transformers each with a no load loss of 840 W and full load
copper loss of 5700 watt. The plant load is 400 kVA. Compare the transformer losses when
single transformer is operation and when both transformers are in parallel operation
A:
17. Explain how fluctuations in plant voltage can be overcome.
A:
18. What are Total Harmonic Distortion and its effects on electrical system?
A: Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the cumulative degree of distortion within an electrical
current compared to the ideal. Harmonic distortion can have detrimental effects on electrical
equipment. Unwanted distortion can increase the current in power systems which results in
higher temperatures in neutral conductors and distribution transformers.
19. What are the equipments / devices contributing to the harmonics?
A: There are 5 types of equipment that can contribute to the harmonics: First is Switched mode
power supplies (SMPS); Second is Electronic fluorescent lighting ballasts; Third is Variable speed
drives (VSDs); Fourth is Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS); Fifth is Magnetic-cored devices
20. Select the location of installing capacitor bank, which will provide the maximum energy
efficiency. ((b) Motor terminals)
21. The designed power transformers efficiency is in the range of ((C) 95 to 99.5 %)
22. The power factor indicated in the electricity bill is ((c) Average power factor)

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