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Heart Rate Blood Pressure

Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension causes thickening and narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow to the kidneys. This triggers the release of renin and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure in a cycle that further damages blood vessels over time. High blood glucose in diabetes produces oxidative stress and inflammatory factors that also contribute to kidney damage and the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

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Angela
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80 views

Heart Rate Blood Pressure

Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension causes thickening and narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow to the kidneys. This triggers the release of renin and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure in a cycle that further damages blood vessels over time. High blood glucose in diabetes produces oxidative stress and inflammatory factors that also contribute to kidney damage and the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Uploaded by

Angela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RISK FACTORS

TYPE 2 DIABETES HYPERTENSION

Thickening of Blood
HYPERGLYCEMIA
vessels

↑ROS
Narrowing of the Lumen

Growth Factors Pro-


Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased blood flow to the
Oxidative Stress kidneys to the nephrons

Decreased in filtration

Glomerulosclerosis ↑ Heart rate

↑ Blood pressure

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY Activation of RAS

CHRONIC KIDNEY
DISEASE
The patient is hypertensive and it causes thickening of the blood vessels which leads to the narrowing of the
lumen. And because there is narrowing of the lumen, there is less blood flow to the kidneys, to the nephrons.
The afferent arteriole is a blood vessel which brings blood towards the head of the nephron but with less
blood flowing through due to hypertension, there is a decrease in filtration thus a decrease in the glomerular
filtration rate. When the patient has a decrease in blood flow to the nephron, there are cells in this area that
detect this and then start producing renin which subsequently leads to the activation of Renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system or RAS – it is a system which leads to increase the patient’s heart rate and further
hypertension. This is unfortunate because less blood is flowing to the kidneys and the kidney thinks by
increasing blood pressure it will receive more blood, it might work for some time but eventually this cycle will
continue there is further vessel thickening and vessel narrowing which can lead to Glomerulosclerosis.
People develop Diabetes because of risk factors such as Hypertension. Type 2 diabetic patient where he has
high blood glucose or Hyperglycemia which leads to over production of reactive oxygen species or ROS. ROS
leads to cascade of events but in summary this will lead to activation and production of unnecessary growth
factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. This can lead to Diabetic nephropathy which is the
common cause of Chronic Kidney Failure.

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