Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN

BAYAMBNAG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BAYAMBANG, PANGASINAN

Physical Science
Second Semester – 3rd Quarter - Module 2
Week 3: Intermolecular Forces
Week 4: Biological Macromolecules

NAME: Pearl Ashly V. Claveria

STRAND & SECTION: 11 HUMSS-Honesty
ADVISER: Ms. Suzette Ferrer

PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEACHER: Mrs. Ruby Jane M. Medrano

ASSESSMENT: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. PART I Multiple Choice. PART II

1. A 1. C (Proteins)
2. D 2. D
3. D 3. C
4. A 4. C
5. C 5. B
6. B 6. A
7. B 7. C
8. D 8. C
9. A 9. C
10. D 10. A
11. C 11. D
12. C 12. D
13. A 13. D
14. A 14. A
15. D 15. B

Identify the possible intermolecular force attraction in the following:

1. NaCl ------ H2O -Hydrogen Bond
2. NH3 ------ NH3-Ion-dipole Interaction
3. H2S ------- H2S -Dipole-dipole
4. O2 ------- O2 -London Dispersion Forces
Study the structure of DNA and answer the questions below.

1. What are the common parts of the nucleotide?

A nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a base
(nitrogenous base).
2. Name the different kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the DNA molecule.
There are four different kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the DNA molecule, and these are;
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. Each of these bases are often abbreviated by a
single letter: A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), T (thymine).
3. In DNA what is the pairing arrangement of the bases?
The pairing arrangement of the bases in DNA are, Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with
Guanine, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a
phosphate molecule.

Study the structure below and answer the following question. (Structure of Triglyceride)
1. What have you noticed with the structure of triglyceride?
The structure of triglyceride is based on the chemical structure of the fatty acid (Palmitic acid).
These fatty acids are categorized as either saturated or unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids are
fatty acids in which each carbon atom in the chain is saturated with hydrogen bonds while
Unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids in which each carbon atom in the chain is not saturated
with a hydrogen bond.
2. What elements compose the structure?
A triglyceride is composed of an element glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
In each fatty acid, a carbon atom from the carboxyl group binds to an oxygen atom from each
of the three hydroxyl groups in the glycerol molecule.

Structure of Phospholipid
1. What did you notice with the structure of phospholipid compared to glyceride?
The structure of the phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone attached to
two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group heads. While the triglyceride is composed of
element glycerol and three fatty acid groups.
2. Does it have the same components with glyceride?
Yes, a phospholipid has the same component as a triglyceride except that it contains a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing compound such as choline. Therefore,
phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, and one or two fatty acids.
3. Have you notice any differences at all?
Yes, I notice some differences, the structure and element of it.
ACTIVITY: Evolution of an Atom’s Representation
Objectives: Analyze how the model of an atom changed over time;
How the different models help us better understand the concept of the atomic number.
Research about the following models of the atom in order:
a) John Dalton’s model
- Dalton’s model helps us better understand the concept of the atomic number because he
proposed that each chemical element is composed of atoms of a single, unique type, and
though they cannot be altered or destroyed by chemical means, they can combine to form
more complex structures (chemical compounds).  The discovery of subatomic particles has
shown that atoms can be divided into smaller parts. However, Dalton’s importance in the
development of modern atomic theory has been recognized by the designation of the atomic
mass unit as a Dalton.
b) J.J Thomson
- The atomic theory of JJ Thomson is not only beneficial for atomic study but also in other fields
including the invention of mass spectrograph. The weight of an atom determines the
characteristic of the atom. Dalton believed that all atoms in the same element must have the
same weights. Every single atom in oxygen is the same as another. He released the concept
of the atom model as the plum pudding. The raisins represent the negative charge electrons
while the dough represents the positive charges or protons of the atom. He proved that atom
consists of electrons and protons also an atom has the neutral characteristic which means that
the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons in one atom.
c) Ernest Rutherford
- Rutherford proposed that an atom is composed of space mostly with electrons orbiting in a set,
predictable paths around fixed, positively charged nucleus. The positive charge in an atom is
not distributed uniformly and it is concentrated in a very small volume. Therefore, the
Rutherford model helps us better understand the concept of the atomic number when the
positively charged particles covered a small volume of an atom in comparison to the total
volume of an atom.
d) Neils Bohr
- Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr Model of the Atom. Bohr Model is a modification of the earlier
Rutherford Model, some people call Bohr's Model the Rutherford-Bohr Model. The modern
model of the atom is based on quantum mechanics. It helps us better understand the concept
of the atomic number because It describes most of the accepted features of atomic theory
without all of the high-level math of the modern version. Unlike earlier models, the Bohr Model
explains the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. The Bohr
Model is a planetary model in which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively
charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the. The gravitational force of the solar system
is mathematically akin to the Coulomb (electrical) force between the positively charged nucleus
and the negatively charged electrons.
e) Erwin Schrodinger
- Erwin Schrodinger defined an orbital of an atom as: “The region of space that surrounds a
nucleus in which two electrons may randomly move.” Schrodinger said that all matter acts like
waves, and electrons themselves were wavelike. He said that electrons were constantly
moving and didn’t have one definite or fixed position in the atom. It helps us better understand
the concept of the atomic number because electrons are constantly moving and cannot be
given a definite position within the atom. They are given probable regions and are called
Atomic Orbitals. They orbit the nucleus in the same pattern every time the planets orbit the
sun.
 SIMPLE VERSIONS OF THEIR MODELS SHORT DESCRIPTION

The model's experiments on gases led to the

discovery that the total pressure of a mixture
John Dalton of gases amounted to the sum of the partial
pressures that each gas exerted while
occupying the same space.

The model describes an atom resembles

a sphere of positive charge with electrons
(negatively charged particles) present inside
J.J Thomson the sphere. The positive and negative charge
is equal in magnitude. Therefore, an atom has
no charge as a whole and is electrically
neutral.

The model described the atom as a tiny,

dense, positively charged core called
a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is
Ernest concentrated. Ernest Rutherford envisioned
Rutherford the atom as a miniature solar system, with
electrons orbiting around a massive nucleus,
and as mostly empty space, with the nucleus
occupying only a very small part of the atom.

It is a system consisting of a small, dense

nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons—
Neils Bohr similar to the structure of the Solar System,
but with attraction provided by electrostatic
forces in place of gravity.

The model showed that the quantization of

the hydrogen atom ’s energy levels that
Erwin appeared in Niels Bohr’s atomic model could
Schrodinger be calculated from the Schrödinger equation,
which describes how the wave function of a
quantum mechanical system evolves.

What made the scientist change the atomic models so much?

 Scientists used the model to make predictions and study. Sometimes the results of their experiments were
not accurate and they did not fit with the existing model. Therefore, scientists changed the model frequently
so that it could explain the new evidence.