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Events & Their Operations: Module in Mathematics 10 Third Quarter

This document provides information about teaching mathematics lessons on events and their operations. It defines key terms like sample space, simple events, compound events, mutually exclusive events, union of events, and intersection of events. Examples and explanations are given for each term. The last part provides application problems for students to practice determining if events are mutually exclusive, illustrating unions of events with Venn diagrams, and finding cardinalities of sets and their unions.

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Billy Jasper Domingo
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438 views

Events & Their Operations: Module in Mathematics 10 Third Quarter

This document provides information about teaching mathematics lessons on events and their operations. It defines key terms like sample space, simple events, compound events, mutually exclusive events, union of events, and intersection of events. Examples and explanations are given for each term. The last part provides application problems for students to practice determining if events are mutually exclusive, illustrating unions of events with Venn diagrams, and finding cardinalities of sets and their unions.

Uploaded by

Billy Jasper Domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 10

THIRD QUARTER
Lesson 25-28

Events & their


operations
 Illustrate events, and union and intersection of events.

Learner’s Information
Name: ___________________________________________________
Grade Level and Section: ____________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________
Contact Number: ___________________________________________
Adviser: ___________________________________________________
Parents/Guardian: __________________________________________

Teacher’s Information

BILLY JASPER C. DOMINGO


Saint Anne Academy of Piddig, Ilocos Norte Inc.
[email protected]
www.facebook.com/BillyJasperCabusaoDomingo
(0948) 746 4062
1
EVENTS AND THEIR
OPERATIONS
Before understanding the concept on events, it is imperative to build
comprehension of sample space. Sample Space is the set of all possible outcomes of an
experiment.

An example would be an experiment of tossing a coin, the possible outcomes are


head and tail. The sample space is S= { Head ,Tail } /{H , T }.

Outcomes of an experiment could be illustrated using tree diagram. Suppose we


must tossing a coin two times. Outcomes could be illustrated below.

First Toss Second Toss Outcomes

From the
illustration above, the possible outcomes of an experiment of tossing coin two times are
HH, HT, TH, TT. The sample space is S={HH , HT ,TH , TT }.

Event is a subset of a sample space. An event may contain some, all or


none of the possible outcomes comprising the sample space.

There are two kinds of events namely simple and compound events.

1. Simple event consists of a single outcome or a single event that cannot be


further broken down into smaller events.

2. Compound event is any event combining two or more simple events.


Example:
a. Tossing a single coin, the event that a head (H) appears is a simple event.
b. A coin is tossed twice, the event that two tails appear consecutively (TT) is a
simple event.
c. A coin is tossed twice, the event that at least one head appears (TH, HT, HH) is
a compound event.
d. A coin is tossed twice, the event that at least one tail appears (TH, HT, TT) is a
compound event.

Mutually Exclusive Events are two events that have no common, they
cannot occur simultaneously, or they cannot happen at the same time.

Example:
Suppose a die (singular form of dice) is rolled. Let A be the event that an
even number shows and let B be the event that an odd number appears. Determine
the possible outcomes of events A and B and draw a Venn diagram to illustrate
that they are mutually exclusive events.

Solution:
The events A and B are mutually exclusive events. A die can only show one
outcome at a time. Thus, it impossible to see an experiment with an outcome with
both even and odd numbers. Below are the samples space of each event and its
illustrative example using Venn diagram:

A={ 2 , 4 , 6 }
B={1, 3 , 5 }

Union of Events
The common outcomes of two or more events can be determined by
using the set operation of union.

Example:
A die is tossed. The sample space is U ={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
Let A = event that an odd number occurs
B = event that a number greater than 4 occurs.
Determine the elements of A and B. Then find A ∪ B and draw Venn Diagram to
illustrate the unio.

Solution:
A={1 ,3 ,5 }
B= {5 , 6 }
A ∪ B={1 , 3 , 5 ,6 }
The two events A and B are represented by the two circles and the sample
space U is represented by the rectangle.
A ∪B

Intersection of Events
Two events A and B intersect if there are elements common to both A
and B. The intersection of event A and B is denoted by A ∪B .

Example:
A fair die is rolled. The sample space is S={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
Let A = event “an even number turns up”
B = event “that a number greater than 2”.
a. Find A ∩ B .
b. Draw Venn diagram to illustrate A ∩ B.

Solution:
A={2 , 4 , 6 }
B= {3 , 4 ,5 ,6 }
Thus, A ∩ B={4 ,6 }
A∩B
Cardinality of Sets
It refers to the number of elements in a set. The cardinality of set A is
denoted by n( A).
Example:
Let A={2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 }, find n( A).

Solution:
Since there are 5 elements in set A, therefore n ( A ) =5.

Cardinality of Two Disjoint Sets


The cardinality of two finite disjoint sets A and B is given by the
following expression:
n ( A ∪ B )=n ( A ) +n (B)

Example:
Given
A={ a , b , c } and
B={d , e , f , g ,h }
Solution:
n ( A ) =3
n ( B )=5 thus,
n ( A ∪ B )=n ( A ) +n ( B )
¿ 3+5
¿8

Cardinality of Two Union Sets


The cardinality of the union of two finite sets A and B is given by the
following expression:
n ( A ∪ B )=n ( A ) +n ( B )−n( A ∩B)
where, n( A ∩ B) is the cardinality of the intersection the two sets

Example:
Given
Set A={ 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } and
Set B={3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ,7 ,8 , 9 }
Find
a. n( A ∩ B) and
b. n( A ∪ B)
Solution:
n ( A ) =5
n ( B )=7 and
( A ∩ B )= {3 , 4 ,5 } ⇉ n ( A ∩ B )=3
n ( A ∪ B )=n ( A ) +n ( B )−n( A ∩B)
¿ 5+7−3
¿9
APPLICATION
A. Determine whether events A and B are mutually exclusive.
1. A={4 , 5 ,6 , 7 , 8 } and B={9 ,10 ,11 , 12 ,13 }
2. Rolling a die and tossing a coin.
3. A={a , b , c , d } and B={c ,d , e , f }
4. Getting a red or a heart from a deck of 52 cards.
5. Selecting a female student and a grade 10 students.

B. Illustrate the union of events A and B using a Venn diagram.


1. Sample Space ¿ { 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ,9 }
A={2 , 4 , 6 } and B={6 ,7 ,8 ,9 }

2. Sample Space ¿ { a , b , c , d , e , f , g }
A={a , b , c , d } and B={e , f , g }

3. Sample Space ¿ { 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ,9 }
A={1 , 2, , 3 , 4 } and B={3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }

C. Find the cardinality of events A and B and the cardinality of their union then draw a
Venn diagram to illustrate A ∪ B .
1. A={2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 } and B={6 , 8 ,10 , 12 ,14 ,16 }
2. A={a , b , c , d , e } and B={c ,d , e , f , g , h , i}
3. A={2 , 4 , 6 , 8 } and B={4 ,6 , 8 , 10 ,12 , 14 }
(Use this as your answer sheet. You may submit this separately)
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________________________
Subject: MATHEMATICS
Detach Here!

(Use this as your answer sheet. You may submit this separately)
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________________________
Subject: MATHEMATICS

Detach Here!

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