Methodology

The data collated were used as a basis in assessing the community’s demographic,

socioeconomic,and environmental profile and health status of each household respondent.

With these, the analysis of the researchers will focus on family data, socio economic data,

housing and environmental conditions, community resources, nutrition, and knowledge, attitude

and practice.

Study Design

The researchers used Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Research. A Sequential

Explanatory Mixed Method Research is characterized by a quantitative data collection and

analysis process followed by a qualitative data collection and analysis and a final phase of data

integration or linking from the two separate strands of data. This mixed-method research design

is well suited to a research study in which it involves collecting, analyzing, and integrating

qualitative data to explain and support quantitative results. The quantitative data and results will

offer a general image of the research issue, which will be effectively clarified or refined through

the study of qualitative data that will be collected. The researchers began with a quantitative

survey to identify statistically significant discrepancies and unusual findings, then moved on to a

more in-depth qualitative analysis to understand why these results occurred.

Locale of the Study

This Participatory Action Research was conducted at PHINMA University of Pangasinan. The

PHINMA University of Pangasinan, also known as UPang, is located at Arellano St, Downtown

District, Dagupan, 2400 Pangasinan, Philippines. It is a member of the PHINMA Education

Network. Researchers chose to conduct study among the Block 1 level 3 students nurses to

determine a program suitable for their healthcare needs.

Sources of Data

The information was acquired from Level III BSN Block 1 students' responses, as well as their

families. The interview was conducted on the internet. It was carried out in order to gather data

that would support the study's goal. As a result, the surveys have been utilized to gather the

critical data that we need to examine in order to identify and prioritize the health problem in this

community.

Research Instrument

The researchers used an online survey questionnaire via google forms, due to current

circumstances. The instrument used serves as a tool to gather datas from the Block 1 Level 3

nursing students, which will help in determining programs needed to improve healthcare needs

and knowledge.

The instrument has 3 (three) sections. Where section 1 is about the demographic

information of each respondent, section 2 is about the family data of the respondent, and lastly

section 3, includes socioeconomic data, housing and environmental condition, community

resources, nutrition, and knowledge, attitude, and practices in terms of health of each

respondent's household.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to beginning the actual data collection technique, the research adviser was consulted to
determine whether or not it was safe to proceed. The researchers created a letter of informed
consent unique for the selected respondents to whom the survey was addressed after consulting
with the research consultant.
The researchers used a pre-made survey provided by the institution. The survey-questionnaire
was completed by the respondents in their own homes during their free and convenient time.

After the respondents' data was collected, it was tallied and tabulated for its corresponding
frequency and percentage, which served as the foundation for data analysis. Following the
analysis of the data, a conclusion was reached, as well as a community diagnosis and
suggestions.

Variables
In this study, the variables are divided into two categories: independent variables and dependent
variables. The independent variables are the factors that the researcher manipulates and are the
subject of the investigation, whereas the dependent variables are the factors that are affected or
influenced by the independent variables. The sort of community assessed, the respondents'
perceptions of their individuality, and other social systems are all independent variables in this
study. Dependent variables, on the other hand, include the replies, the community diagnosis, the
conclusion, and the research recommendations.
 Chapter lll

Figure 1.0 Graphical representation of the Age

Table 1.0. Frequency distribution and Percentage of Age

n = 127

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Late Adulthood (65 and above) 5 3.94%

Late Middle Age (45-64 years old) 36 28.35%

Early Middle Age ( 35-44 years 8 6.30%

old)

Early Adulthood (22-34 years old) 26 20.47%

Adolescent (12-21 years old) 46 36.22%

Middle Childhood (6-11 years old) 3 2.36%

Early Childhood (3-5 years old) 2 1.57%

Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2 1 0.79%

years old)

Interpretation
 This table presents the age of the family members of the 25 households the highest frequency is

from the Adolescent group which is ranging from 12 to 21 years old garnering 46 or 36.22%. The lowest

frequency is from the Infancy and Toddlerhood group which is ranging from 0 to 2 years old garnering 1

or 0.79%.

Implication

According to the United Nations Population Fund, (2021) The Philippines today has the largest

generation of young people in its history. 30 million young people between the ages of 10-24 account for

28 percent of the Philippine population. The results implied that there are more adolescents among the

population meaning they are more likely to be engaged in technology.

FIGURE 1.1 . Graphical Presentation of Gender

n = 127

TABLE 1.1. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

 MALE 58 46%

FEMALE 69 54%

TOTAL 127 100%

Interpretation

Based on the results of this study, the data shows that the female population makes up 69 or

54% of the entire population, while the male population makes up 58 or 46% of the total population.

Implication

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the total population of the Philippines as of May

2020 is at 109,035,343. The female population has a total count of 54.6 million. The graph implies that the

female population outweighs the male population. This indicates that there are more females in this

community.

Figure 1.2. Graphical representation of Civil Status

 Table 1.2. Frequency distribution and Percentage of Civil Status

n = 127

CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Single 78 61.42%

Married 43 33.86%

Separated 2 1.57%

Widowed 4 3.15%
Interpretation

This table presents the civil status of the family members of the 25 households the highest

frequency is single garnering 78 or 61.42%. The lowest frequency is separated garnering 2 or 1.57%.

Implication

According to Philippine Statistics Authority, (2020) In 2015, there were 34.8 million single persons

in the Philippines, or 44 percent of the total population 10 years old and over. This is higher by 3.5 million

compared to the 2010 report of 31.3 million single persons. This implies that it is expected that there are

more single people within the population due to an increase of rate from the past years.

Figure 1.3. Graphical representation of Family Structure

 Table 1.3. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Structure

n=25

Family structure Frequency Percentage

Nuclear 19 76%

Extended 6 24%

Interpretation

Table 1.3 shows that 76% or 19 out of 25 total respondents belong to the nuclear family structure and
24% or total 6 out of 25 respondents belong to the extended family structure.

Implication

Households in the Philippines are commonly made up of extended family members, however this result
show that majority of the household belong to the nuclear family, this may implicate that as generations
change and transition, Filipino views regarding family also changes. Couples starting to build their own
family prefer to live independently start a new home on their own, this maybe due to couple are
skeptical about living with their other family members and may not be able to decide on their own or
like parents interfering on couples decision on how to create their own family or how to raise their
children which will then eventually result to conflict between couples or inlaws. It could also be because
of additional cause and burdens to couples or inlaws when living together under the same household.
This generation views living independently from parents as an ideal way to begin their own family. In an
article published by magadhmahilacollege.org, The successful nuclear family provides children with
consistency in caretaking. Children who have both stability and consistency in their lives are more likely
to exhibit positive behavior, earn good grades at school and become more involved in community and
extracurricular activities.

FIGURE 1.4. Graphical Presentation of Religion

 n = 25

TABLE 1.4. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Religion

RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Roman Catholic 21 84%

Born Again Christian 1 4%

Iglesia Ni Cristo 1 4%

LDS 1 4%

Methodist 1 4%

TOTAL 25 100%
Interpretation

The participants in this study represented a wide range of religions. The majority of the

participants were Roman Catholic with a frequency of 21 families comprising 84% of the total number of

participants. It was followed by the Born Again Christian, Iglesia ni Cristo, LDS and Methodist with a

frequency of 1 or 4% of the entire population.

Implication

In the given data, most of the families or 84% of the families are Roman Catholics. A survey from

the Philippine National Statistics in 2015 shows that 83% of the population of the Philippines is Roman

Catholic.

Figure 1.5. Graphical representation of Educational Attainment

Table 1.5. Frequency distribution and Percentage of Educational Attainment

n = 127
 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Primary Level 6 4.72%

Secondary Level 31 24.41%

Tertiary Level 81 63.78%

Vocational Course 5 3.94%

No Educational Attainment 4 3.15%

Interpretation

This table presents the educational attainment of the family members of the 25 households the

highest frequency is tertiary level having a frequency of 63.78%. The lowest frequency is no educational

attainment having 4 or 3.15%.

Implication

According to Philippine Statistics Authority, (2013) The proportions of graduates of both

secondary and tertiary (college) levels had increased from 2000 to 2010. This implies that education is

more important nowadays compared to past years.

A. Source of Income

1. Employment Status
 Table 1.6. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Employment Status

Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Employed 50 39%

Unemployed 77 61%

Total 127 100%

Interpretation

Table 1.6. presents the employment status in every household in the community.

Employed scored with a frequency of 50 and percentage of 39%, while Unemployed scored with

a frequency of 77 and percentage of 61%.

Implication

The employment rate, as defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development, is the employment-to-population ratio – the number of people of working age in

the population who are employed. Since most of the family members in each household in the

community are not in the working age, the results garnered produced a low employment rate.

2. Family Income

Table 1.7. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Income

Family Income Frequency Percentage

Below ₱2,000 0 0%

₱2,001- ₱5,000 6 24%

₱5,001- ₱8,000 5 20%

More than ₱8,000 14 56%

Total 25 100%
Interpretation

Table 1.7 presents the family income of every household in the community. More than

₱8,000 scored the highest with a frequency of 14 and percentage of 56% followed by

₱2,001- ₱5,000 with a frequency of 6 and percentage of 24%, then ₱5,001- ₱8,000 with

a frequency of 5 and percentage of 20%, lastly Below ₱2,000 scored a frequency of and

percentage of 0%.

Implications

Household income is the combined net income of all members of a particular

household above a set age limit. In the survey, the majority of the respondents had a

family income of more than ₱8,000, this shows that the community is under a good

economic standpoint when it comes to their standard of living.

B. Family Expenditures

1. Food
 Table 1.8. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Allowance

Food Budget Frequency Percentage

Below ₱50.00 0 0%

₱50.00- ₱75.00 2 8%

More than ₱70.00 23 92%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation

Table 1.8 presents the food budget of every household in the community. More than

₱70.00 scored the highest with a frequency of 23 and percentage of 92%, followed by ₱50.00-

₱75.00 with a frequency of 2 and percentage of 8%, lastly Below ₱50.00 scored a frequency of

0 and percentage of 0%.

Implication
 Food budgeting is an estimate of the possible amount of money or food resources to be

consumed by a person in a specified time frame. Majority of the respondents had a food budget

of more than ₱70.00 on a daily basis. This implies that the families in the community can afford

meals that are either or both good in quality or quantity.

2. Clothing number of times of buying

Table2.1. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Clothing number of times of

buying

Clothing number of times Frequency Percentage

of buying

Once a year 8 32%

Twice a year 10 40%

Thrice a year 7 28%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation:

Every household's clothes quantity of purchases is presented. It shows that 40% of households

have twice a year, whereas 28% of households have three times a year.

Implications:

It's a fact we feel more happy and confident in ourselves when wearing something new. So it's

no surprise the confidence we feel when wearing a brand-new item outweighs wearing

something that's two years old.

3. Housing

Table 3.1. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Housing

Housing Frequency Percentage

Water 22 88%
 Electricity 25 100%

Telephone 11 44%

Total 58

Interpretation: The gathered data from the table indicates that the majority of the surveyed

households use electricity with a percentage of 100% whereas 44% use telephone.

Interpretation:

With the cost of consuming resources increasing (both economically and ecologically),

homeowners need to find ways to curb consumption

4. Schooling

Table 4.1. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Schooling

Schooling Frequency Percentage

Public 8 32%

Private 17 68%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation: This table indicates how public and private schools differ. It shows 68% of the

respondents go to private school, while only 32% go to public school.

Interpretation:

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values,

morals, beliefs, habits and personal development. Educational methods include teaching,

training, storytelling, discussion and directed research.

C. Housing and Environmental Condition

A. Home
Table C.1 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Housing

Housing Material Frequency per Household Percentage

Concrete 18 72%

Wood 1 4%

Mixed 6 24%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation: Table C.1 exhibits the materials of housing used per household in the
community. In the survey, it showed that 72% of the surveyed households have a concrete
housing material used; 24% have used mixed housing materials; and 4% have utilized wood as
their housing material. This implies that most of the surveyed households have used concrete
and can afford quality building materials.

Ventilation
Table C.2 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ventilation

Ventilation Frequency per Household Percentage

Poor 2 8%

Good 23 92%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation: Table C.2 presents the ventilation condition in every household. 92% have a
good source of ventilation. However, 8% of them have poor ventilation. Based on findings, the
majority of the households in the community have good ventilation and a good ventilation
system will help families in the community thrive in a healthier environment.

Lighting
Table C.3 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Lighting

Lighting Frequency per Household Percentage

Adequate 25 100%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation:
Table C.3 presents the lighting condition in every household. Results from the survey
indicate that 100% of the households have adequate lighting. This implies that all households
have an ideal level of illumination that is suitable for performing tasks.
Surroundings

Table C.4 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Surroundings

Surroundings Frequency per Household Percentage

Clean 24 96%

Dirty 1 4%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation: The collated data presented in table C.4 specifies that 96% of the households
have clean surroundings whereas 4% of the households described their surroundings as dirty.
Such findings suggest that the majority of households have a clean environment and are not
vulnerable to waste associated diseases.

B.Source of Water Supply

Table C.5 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Source of Water Supply

Source of Water Supply Frequency per Household Percentage

Artesian well 1 4%

Deep well 7 28%

NAWASA 17 68%

Jetmatic 1 4%

Own pipe 1 4%

Tank 1 4%

Total 28

Interpretation: With reference to source of water supply, the gathered data which are reflected
from table C.5 indicate that the majority of the surveyed households use NAWASA as their
source of water supply with a percentage of 68 % whereas 28% utilize deep wells as their water
source. Furthermore, other households use an artesian well, jetmatic pump, personal pipe and
tank as sources of their water supply. Hinging from the data results, Majority of the surveyed
households utilize NAWASA which indicates that most households have a good source of water
supply.
C. Storage of Drinking Water
Table C.6 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Storage of Drinking Water

Storage of Drinking Water Frequency per Household Percentage

Refrigerated 23 92%

Covered 15 60%

Total 38

Interpretation: With regards to storage of drinking water,Table C.6 Indicates that 92% of the
respondents use refrigerated storage of drinking material; 60% households in the community
also use covered storage of drinking water. Based on the findings of the online survey of the
researchers, the majority of the survey respondents have refrigerated storage of drinking water.
With this data we can conclude that having a good quality storage container is extremely
important to maintain good hygiene.

Containers used
Table C.7 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Containers used

Containers used Frequency per Household Percentage

Plastic 20 80%

Clay jars 1 4%

Bottles 19 19%

Total 40

Interpretation: This table presents that 80% of the respondents use Plastics as containers to
store water; 19% make use of Bottles; and the remaining 4% use Clay jars as their containers.
This table may reflect that people prefer plastic containers to store water. Plastic is durable and
provides protection from contaminants and the elements. With these findings, it can be inferred
that most households are prone to plastic-driven pollution

D. Toilet Facilities
Sanitary

Table C.10 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Sanitary

Sanitary Frequency per Household Percentage

Flush 22 88%

Pit privy 1 4%

Owned 15 60%

Shared 1 4%

Total 39

Interpretation: 88% of the households surveyed use a flush toilet in terms of sanitary toilet
facilities while 60% have their own toilet facilities. Moreover, others use pit privy and shared
toilet facilities. Majority of the households utilize flush toilet facilities which suggests that most
households have access to improved hygiene measures in terms of excrement disposal.

Unsanitary
Table C.11 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Unsanitary

Unsanitary Frequency per Household Percentage

“Ballot” system 8 32%

Total 8 32%

Interpretation: The data above expresses the usage of unsanitary toilet facilities in which 32%
of the surveyed households use a “Ballot” system. Such data imply that some households are at
risk of certain diseases associated with bodily wastes.

E. Garbage Disposal
Table C.12 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Garbage Disposal

Garbage Disposal Frequency per Household Percentage

Collection 18 72%

Burning 10 40%

Burying 6 24%

Open dumping 3 12%

Garbage cans 9 36%

Total 46

Interpretation: The data above denotes the methods of garbage disposal of every surveyed
household wherein 72% have their garbage collected; 40% utilize the method of burning; and
36% use garbage cans. Others use burying and open dumping as their method of disposal. This
delineates that in general, most households have an ideal way of disposing of their garbage in
which garbage disposal through collection can reduce harm to the environment.

F. Food Storage
Table C.13 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Storage

Food Storage Frequency per Household Percentage

Covered 18 72%

Refrigerated 24 96%

Total 42

Interpretation: In terms of food storage, 96% have their food refrigerated and 72% have their
food covered. Majority of the respondents used a refrigerator, and more than half of the
respondents also used covered food storage. But we can conclude that the community has a
good way of preserving food since foods vary on how they spoil or preserve, and they should
always be stored in the refrigerator to keep pathogens from growing to dangerous levels.

G. Presence of Animals
Table C.14 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Presence of Animals

Presence of Animals Frequency per Household Percentage

Dogs 23 92%

Cats 15 60%

Pigs 2 8%

Rabbit 2 8%

Ducks 1 4%

Total 43

Interpretation: This table represents the presence of animals in the surveyed household. It
shows that 92% of the surveyed households have presence of dogs in their area; 60% indicate
presence of cats in their area; whereas, the presence of both pigs and rabbits have the same
result of 8%; and 4% have presence of ducks in their household. Majority of the data indicates
dogs as having the highest presence in the area of their household. Which means that the
community is susceptible to rabies or other diseases carried by this animal.

H. Backyard Gardening
Table C.15 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Backyard Gardening

Backyard Gardening Frequency per Household Percentage

Vegetables 19 76%

Herbal 14 64%

Fruit-bearing 16 56%

Flowers 1 4%

Total 50

Interpretation: In this table, 76% of the households prefer vegetables with regard to backyard
gardening; 64% prefer herbal plants; and 56% choose fruit-bearing plants for backyard
gardening. Additionally, flowers are also chosen for backyard gardening. The data shows that
the majority of the surveyed respondents prefer to plant vegetables in their backyards, this
might imply that families in the community find vegetable gardening more beneficial, like saving
money on groceries.

D. Community Resources
 A. Health and Other Facilities

Table D.1 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Health and Other Facilities

Health and Other Facilities Frequency Percentage

Health Center 16 18.82%

Barangay hall 13 15.29%

School 12 14.12%

Church 12 14.12%

Park 4 4.71%

Market 9 10.59%

Private Clinic 6 7.06%

Public Hospital 10 11.76%

Private Hospital 3 3.53%

Total 85 100%

Interpretation: Table D.1 presents the health and other facilities present in the community of
the household respondents. The results reveal that 18.82% have Health Centers in their
community; 15.29% have Barangay Halls; and 14.12% have Schools and Churches. Other
Households also have public hospitals with a percentage of 11.76%; Market with 10.59%;
Private Clinics garnering a percentage of 7.06% and Private Hospitals with 3.53%.

B. Indigenous health workers

Table D.2 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Indigenous health workers

Indigenous health Frequency Percentage

workers

Trained “Hilot” 3 23.08%

BHW 5 38.46%

Herbularyo 4 30.77%

Untrained “Hilot” 1 7.69%

Total 13 100%

Interpretation: The data connotes the Indigenous health Workers present in the communities
of the surveyed households in which results exhibit that BHW had the highest percentage with
38%; followed by Herbularyo which is 30.77%; and Trained “Hilot” with a percentage of 23.08%.
A minority of the households surveyed with a percentage of have an Untrained “Hilot” in their
community with a percentage of 7.69%. The collected data regarding the presence of
Indigenous Health Workers in the households’ communities suggests that Barangay Health
Workers are dominant in their communities. This insinuates that most of the households have
access to services for primary health care, maternal and child health, child rights, family
planning and nutrition.

C. Sources of health funds

Table D.3 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Sources of health funds

Sources of health funds Frequency Percentage

Government 4 40%

NGOs/POs 3 30%

Private 3 30%

Total 10 100%

Interpretation: The data above demonstrates the sources of health funds. 40% of the
households surveyed have the government as their source of health funds whereas 30% comes
from Private and NGOs/POs. The gathered data entails that the respondents have enough
sources of funds in terms of health.

E. Nutrition
 A. Food Preferences

Table E.1 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Preferences

Food Preferences Frequency Percentage

Fish 21 84%

Meat 20 80%

Fruits/Vegetable 20 80%

Mixed 17 68%

Total 78

Interpretation: In food preferences, the majority of the households prefer fish with a
percentage of 84%; while 80% choose meat and fruits/vegetables; and 68% go for mixed. Most
of the surveyed households prefer fish as their food preference which indicates that most
households have a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for your
body and brain.

B. Common
 Table E.2 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Common

Common Frequency Percentage

Rice and Egg 24 96%

Rice and Sardines 1 4%

Total 25 100%

Interpretation: 96% of the surveyed households have Rice and Egg as their common
food choices whereas some have rice and sardines as a common food choice. This implies that
the household respondents in the community prefer Rice and Egg as their common food
preference.

C. Presence of Nutritional Disorder

1. Goiter

Table E.3 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Goiter

Goiter Frequency Percentage

Enlargement of neck 1 4%

Hoarseness 1 4%

Hypothyroidism 1 4%

Total 3

Interpretation: Table. presents the existing symptoms of goiter in the surveyed

households wherein results indicate that Enlargement of neck, Hoarseness of
voice, and Hypothyroidism are the manifested symptoms garnering a percentage
of 4%. The data signifies that Enlargement of neck, Hoarseness, and
Hypothyroidism are common symptoms of goiter.

2. Anemia
 Table E.4 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Anemia

Anemia Frequency Percentage

Easy Fatigability 4 16%

Body weakness 3 12%

Total 7

Interpretation: This table indicates that 16% of the respondents who have Anemia are easily
fatigue, while 12% suffer from body weakness. With the collected data regarding Anemia, data
implies that respondents are more open to easy fatigability which is one of the most common
symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.

3. Vitamin A deficiency
 Table E.5 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency Frequency Percentage

Night blindness 3 12%

Total 3

Interpretation: The table above indicates that 12% of the total households surveyed are
suffering from night blindness due to Vitamin A Deficiency. This suggests night blindness is a
common symptom of vitamin A deficiency among the household respondents.

F. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES

This section shows the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents’ knowledge,
attitude, and practices in terms of their health.

TABLE F-1 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Utilization of Health Center

.“Do you utilize the health Frequency Percentage

center?”
1. Yes 20 80%

2. No 5 20%
Table F-1 shows that 20 out of a total of 25 respondents utilize the health center and a total frequency
of 5 out of 25 respondents answered no.

Majority of the respondents utilize the health center, this data shows the importance of health care of
the respondents and that health centers on their area are functional, while those who answered no gave
the reason that health centre on their are do self- medication for non-emergent cases, some have a
family member who are nurse or doctor, or they prefer going to the hospital, and some said that the
health centers on their area are non-functional because there is no nurse or doctor present or that the
health center is only utilize for immunization programs. According to G Russo et al.,1996-1997, the
probability that a household will utilize services from these facilities is estimated as a function of
socioeconomic, demographic and supply variable. (pubmed,2020)

TABLE F-2. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Reason for Utilizing Health Center

B. Reason Frequency Percentage

1. Illness 22 88%

2. Family planning 4 16%

3. Dental 12 48%

4. Prenatal 3 12%
5. Postnatal 2 8%

6. Nutrition 13 52%

Table F-2 represents the data regarding the use or utilization of the health center 88% answered they
utilize the health center for illness. 16% or said for family planning, while 48% said for dental purposes,
12 % for prenatal and 8% for postnatal consultations, 52% for nutrition needs and consultation.

Majority of those who utilize the health centers for illness consultation or referral, dental and nutrition
needs, while family planning, prenatal, postnatal need gains the lowest reponses, reasons may vary from
respondents prefer hospitals for a more suitable needs or due to facilities or machines and other stuffs
that may need that are unavailable in health center such as the ultrasound. This may indicate that the
healthcare system in the country is well functional as the majority of the respondents entrust their
health care first to the centers prior to higher institutions. In an article published by Allianz Care says,
overall, the healthcare system in the Philippines is of a high standard. Filipino medical staff are expertly
trained but facilities may not be as impressive as those found in high-end countries. (allianzcare.com)
TABLE F-3. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of First Person Consulted in times of Illness

First person consulted in Frequency Percentage

times of illness
1. Doctor (M.D.) 20 80%

2. Midwife 11 44%
3. “Herbularyo” 4 16%

4. Nurse 1 4%
5. “Hilot” 1 4%

6. Baranggay Health 4 16%

Worker (BHW)

Table F-3 shows 80% of the respondents prefer doctors ( M.D.) as the first person to consult in times of
illness, 44% choose the Midwife, “Herbularyo” and Baranggay Health Workers (BHW) has the same
percentage of 16%, and a similar percentage of 4% said the first person they will consult is the Nurse or
“Hilot”

This data indicates that the majority of the respondents have high trust in Medical professionals like
doctors and midwives, this is because these persons have training and professional background and
specialize in healthcare. Though the nurse has gained the lowest percentage along with a “Hilot”, this is
because respondents have already chosen the medical doctors who does the orders and diagnoses and
nurses are not qualified to give medical diagnoses.

TABLE F-4. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Usual Illness in the Family

Usual illness in the family Frequency Percentage

1. Hypertension 6 24%
2. Fever 1 4%

3. Flu 7 28%
4. Dengue 1 4%

5. Asthma 1 4%
6. Diabetes mellitus 4 16%

7. Cardiac disease 1 4%
Table F-4 shows the majority of the usual illness in the family of respondents is the flu with a percentage
f 28%, second is the hypertension with a 24%, 16% said diabetes mellitus is the usual illness in their
family, 4% said flu, asthma, dengue is the common at their household.

With these results, it shows the prevalence of flu among family members this may implicate the easy
transmission of the infection due to family practices or tradition such as staying altogether in a certain
area at home during family time, or sharing of utensils, and other norms within their households,
followed by hypertension which can be a result of their diet and lifestyle or family history within their
household. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020, Family members share
genes, behaviours, lifestyle, and environments that can influence their health and their risk for disease.
(cdc.gov/risk_factors)

TABLE F-5. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of “ What do you do for this condition?”

“What do you do for this Frequency Percentage

condition?”
1. Self- medication 11 44%

2. Consultation 22 88%
3. Hospital 11 44%

4. Private Clinics 7 28%

5. Nursing 5 20%

6. Others 1 4%

Table F-5 shows that 88% of the respondents do consultation for their disease or illness, 44% does self-
medication. 44% will go to the hospital, 28% will turn to private clinics, while 20% chose Nursing, and 4%
others who said that it is inapplicable for them because they have no present condition or health
problems at home.

This result implicates that majority of our respondents prefer to consult health professionals in the
management of their disease or illness than to self- medicate because of the dangers posed by these
conditions and the need for prescriptions when buying certain medications which is mandated by R.A.
10918 or also known as “Philippine Pharmacy Act” . (lawphil.net)

TABLE F-6. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of “Do you submit your children(0-12 months) for
immunization?”

“Do you submit your Frequency Percentage

children(0-12 months) for
 immunization?”
1. Yes
2. No

TABLE F-6. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Household Practicing Family Planning

“ Do you practice family Frequency Percentage

planning?”
1. Yes 21 84%
2. No 4 16%

Table F-6 shows 84% of the respondents practice family planning and 16% says their household does not
practice family planning.

Reasons stated by those who answered no in the statement “ do you practice family planning?” were
that because of old age, they are single, because of family beliefs, or that their husband or spouse are
working overseas.

TABLE F-7. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Method of Infant Feeding

Method of infant feeding Frequency Percentage

1. Breast feeding 5 20%

2. Bottle feeding 0 0%
3. Mixed method 11 44%

4. N/a 9 36%

Table F-7 indicates that 44% use the mixed method when feeding infants or both breastfeeding and
bottle feeding. 20% uses the method of breastfeeding 0% utilizes bottle feeding, while 36% says it is
inapplicable for them.

Most of the respondents says they used both bottle and breastfeeding for their method of infant
feeding, as it is known how important is breast milk for infants, according to hopkinsmedicine.org,
breastfeeding helps protect from many serious health problems and formula-feed babies are more likely
to have milk allergies. But due to some factors such as working mothers, or less production of
breastmilk, supplemental bottle feeding is used to provide adequate nutrition for infants.

TABLE F-8. Frequency Distribution and Percentage of “Subjects to Learn in Health in Education”
 Subjects you want to learn in Frequency Percentage
health education
1. Drug abuse 10 40%

2. Family planning 10 40%

3. First aid measure 18 72%

4. Nutrition 17 68%
5. Herbal plants 17 68%

6. Covid-19 1 4%
7. Infection control 1 4%

8. Prevention and control 1 4%

to certain illness
9. N/a 1 4%

Table F-8 shows which subjects the respondents want to learn in health education. 72% says they want
to learn about first aid measures, both about nutrition and herbal plants gains 68% respectively, 40% say
they want to learn about drug abuse and similarly for topics about family planning also gains 40%, while
those topics about Covid-19, infection control, prevention and control to certain illness all gained 4% ,
and a similar 4% who answered inapplicable.

This results indicate that majority chose the topics about first aid measure, this maybe because of the
past events that occurred which made people realize the importance of preparedness and knowledge in
saving lives, such as accidents during typhoons like the historical “Yolanda”, a lot of people died because
of drowning, or the when there are road accidents, or even sudden incidents at home like choking or
falls, knowledge in performing first aid measures can save live especially of their loved ones. According
to an article published by Emergency First Response, having first aid knowledge creates confidence to
care, it means you’ll be confident in your skills and abilities in relation to first aid administration. By
taking first aid training, it helps you to reflect on yourself and how you and others react in certain
situations.(emergencyfirstresponse.com)

SUMMARY
 The study was conducted to come across the demographic profile, socio-

economic, and health status of each household. This study also focused on how to

promote health teachings in every household to prevent further problems. The

researchers from 3BSN block 1 students of PHINMA - University of Pangasinan used

Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Research that includes describing the studied

characteristics of the population. In the midst of pandemic, data gathered was only

obtained from each student’s household through questionnaires.

The research population consisted of 25 households, with a total of 127

individuals. The population age group with the highest population density in this

demographic profile was 12-21 years old, indicating adolescence. Majority of the

respondents were females with a total of 54%. In terms of civil status, 61.42% of the

respondents are single. For religion, the majority of the respondents were Roman

Catholic with a frequency of 21 families comprising 84%.

With regards to the socio-economic backgrounds, 76% of them had a nuclear

family structure. In terms of educational attainment, most of the respondents were

college graduates with a total of 63.78%. And 36% of the respondents are employed.

More than Php 8,000 scored the highest in terms of monthly family income with a

percentage of 56% while 92% of the respondents indicated their food allowance is more

than Php 70. Furthermore, 40% of them buy their clothes twice a year and the majority

of them use electricity at a rate of 100%. Sixty-eight percent of respondents attend

private schools for their education.

In regards to the environmental health aspects, the majority of the family

households where they live are made of concrete and they have good ventilation,
adequate lighting, and have a clean surroundings. NAWASA was used as a source of

water by 68% of the respondents, while plastic containers were used by 80% of the

respondents for water storage. And 92% of them kept their drinking water refrigerated.

In addition, 88% of the respondents utilized a flush toilet in their sanitary, while 32%

used. a ballot system. Majority of the respondents with a total of 72% of the

respondents indicate garbage collection by the waste management in their community.

In terms of the animal presence, ninety-two percent (92%) indicate the presence

of dogs. Furthermore, 96% of the respondents keep their food refrigerated as part of

their food storage. Most of the families with a total of 76% prefer to have a vegetable

garden in their backyard. In terms of food preferences, the majority of the respondents

(84%) chose fish. Rice and eggs are the most popular food choices with a percentage

of 96%.

For the occurrence of nutritional disorders, 16% of respondents had easy

fatigability. With regards to the health facilities, 18.82% of households have access to

health centers in their community. Eighty percent (80%) of the respondents utilized a

health center and the reason was consulting to their illness with a total of 88%

respondents. And, according to 80% of respondents, doctors are the first person

consulted in times of their illness and the usual illness is the flu with a total of 28%. As

their indigenous health workers, they have barangay health workers (BHWs). For 40%

of respondents, the government is the source of health-care funding.

With regards to family planning, 84% of the respondents indicate that they

practice it. When it came to the infant feeding method, 44% used the mixed method
when feeding an infant. Moreover, in terms of subjects to learn in health education, 72%

of the respondents want to learn about the first aid measure.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this research is to identify the potential problem that can cause

harmful effects on the community. The researchers conducted the interview and used a

survey-questionnaire in google form through messenger to gather data of the

respondents.

In the result of the study, it was found that the first problem in the community is

the rising number of flu cases. At least half of the population is affected, which is an

urgent concern in the community because of the easy transmission of the infection due

to family practices or traditions such as staying together in a certain area at home

during family time, or sharing of utensils, and other norms within their households,

which concludes that it may increase the risk of becoming infected, potentially affecting

the lives of the family.

The second problem that is found in the family of 3BSN1 is hypertension, twenty-

four percent (24%) of the respondents have hypertension. Majority of the respondents

are older adults, which could indicate a lifetime risk of hypertension. Thus, as the

population of the elderly grows, so does the number of people with high blood pressure.

Furthermore, family history, lack of physical activities and other factors can contribute to

hypertension. Therefore, researchers conclude that it is the best time to provide health

education to those at-risk age groups in order to avoid further complications.

 Lastly, the presence of the increasing diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the

community found that at least sixteen percent (16%) are affected in the population.

Based on the survey conducted, the researchers figured out that the majority of the

community members had inadequate knowledge on complications and prevention of the

disease. Most of them are not aware of the importance of a balanced diet and healthy

lifestyle to prevent and reduce complications. Failure to recognize the causes, signs and

symptoms, intervention and adherence to maintenance of medication are also some of

the reasons for the increasing rate of diabetes mellitus.

In conclusion, each member of the family household who responded to the

survey-questionnaire must play a significant role in being aware that these problems

exist within their family setting. Further, improvement and some adjustments are highly

considered for these problems to be solved. Nevertheless, each family household is in

need of continuous support and health education in those problems. Lastly, the

researchers are willing to conduct health teachings regarding the aforementioned

problems for them to be fully aware and to prevent further problems.

Community Diagnosis

After scrutinizing the data gathered and processed. The community where the student of

Level 3 BSN block 1 resides is a health-conducive environment. The community faces

challenges like increasing cases of flu in the community, increasing mortality rate of

hypertension in the community and increasing diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the community.

Though the community faces a lot of challenges, the community can still be diagnosed as a

healthy one. There are none, if not very minimal environmental hazards. The whole community

is so far healthy because they have access to and utilize healthcare facilities.
 The researchers concluded that there were no signs of a threat within the community.

Barangay health workers should provide health teaching on how to prevent hypertension, flu,

and diabetes mellitus. Also encourage people in the community to eat healthy food, avoid

smoking, limit the consumption of alcohol, and be physically active. Blood pressure should be

checked regularly for free by barangay health professionals.

The community shall continue to work together and attain an environment that can not

only suffice their needs in various aspects of life but also an environment that is safe and healthy.

Priority Problem 1: Increasing cases of Flu in the community.

After collecting the data and collaborating with the barangay health workers, the number

1 problem in the community is the Increasing cases of Flu.

CRITERIA SCORE WEIGHT COMPUTATION ACTUAL

SCORE

NATURE OF THE

PROBLEM
1 (3/3)x1 1

- Health Status
3
- Health Resources
 - Health-related
2

MAGNITUDE OF THE

PROBLEM

75% - 100% affected

4 3 (2/4) x 3 1.5

50% - 74% affected

3

25% - 49% affected

2

>25% affected
1

MODIFIABILITY OF THE

PROBLEM

- High
3 4 (3/3)x4 4
- Moderate
- Low
- Not Modifiable 2

PREVENTIVE POTENTIAL
 - High
- Moderate 3 1 (3/3)x 1 1
- Low
2

SOCIAL CONCERN

- Urgent community 2 1 (2/2) x 1 1

concern
- Recognized as a
1
problem but not
needing an urgent
attention
- Not a community
concern

Total Score: 8.5

Problem 2: Increasing mortality rate of hypertension in the community.

High blood pressure (BP) is a serious public health issue, and it is becoming more common

in both urban and rural areas. After collecting the data and collaborating with the barangay health

workers, the other problem in the community is the increasing number of mortality rates of

hypertension.
CRITERIA SCORE WEIGHT COMPUTATION ACTUAL

SCORE
NATURE OF THE

PROBLEM
3 1 (3/3)x1 1

- Health Status
2
- Health Resources
- Health-related
1

MAGNITUDE OF THE

PROBLEM

75% - 100%
4 3 (1/4) x 3 0.75
affected
3
50% - 74%
2
affected

1
25% - 49%

affected

>25% affected

MODIFIABILITY OF THE

PROBLEM

- High
3 4 (3/3)x4 4
- Moderate
- Low
-Not Modifiable 2
 1

PREVENTIVE POTENTIAL

- High 3 1 (2/3)x 1 0.67

- Moderate
- Low 2

SOCIAL CONCERN

-Urgent community 2 1 (2/2) x 1 1

concern
-Recognized as a
1
problem but not
needing an urgent
attention
-Not a community
concern

Total Score: 7.42

Problem 3: Increasing diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the community.

 Regarding the data collection and coordination with barangay health workers, the

community's other issue is the rising number of diabetes mellitus diagnosis. People with diabetes

frequently lack access to regular medical care, are unable to afford medicine, and lack the

community infrastructure necessary to promote self-management. In this setting, self-

management education and assistance have a big impact on diabetes control.

CRITERIA SCORE WEIGHT COMPUTATION ACTUAL

SCORE

NATURE OF THE

PROBLEM
3 1 (3/3)x1 1

- Health Status
2
- Health Resources
- Health-related
1

MAGNITUDE OF THE

PROBLEM

75% - 100%
4 3 (1/4) x 3 0.75
affected
3
50% - 74%
2
affected

1
25% - 49%
 affected

>25% affected

MODIFIABILITY OF THE

PROBLEM

- High
3 4 (1/3)x4 1.33
- Moderate
- Low
- Not Modifiable 2

PREVENTIVE POTENTIAL

- High 3 1 (2/3)x 1 0.67

- Moderate
- Low 2

SOCIAL CONCERN

-Urgent community 2 1 (2/2) x 1 1

concern
-Recognized as a
1
problem but not
needing an urgent
 attention
-Not a community
concern

Total Score: 4.75

PRIORITY COMMUNITY NURSING DIAGNOSIS

List of Health Problems Score Nature of the problem

Increasing cases of Flu in 8.5 Health Status

the community

Increasing mortality rate 7.42 Health Status

of hypertension in the
community

Increasing diagnosis of 4.75 Health Status

diabetes mellitus in the
community
Computation of Problem Priority Score

Priority Problem: Increasing cases of Flu in the community

Criterion Criterion Problem

weight rating
Criterion (weight x rating)
(1-10) (1-10)

Significance of the problem 9 6 54

Community awareness 6 8 48

Ability to reduce risk 7 8 56

Cost of reducing risk 7 7 49

Ability to identify target 6 8 48

population

Availability of resources 8 8 64

Total Priority Score 319

Recommendations

Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations were made:

1. Conduct health teaching in the community with regards to controlling high blood
pressure. Teach them proper diet such as avoiding high saturated fat and foods high in
cholesterol and trans fats. Increase fiber, fruits and vegetables, reduce salt and increase
potassium intake. Emphasize the need to keep hydrated and have a healthy lifestyle such
as regular exercise in order to avoid overweight and obesity and other diseases.
2. Conduct a weekly checking of blood pressure in the community in order for the residents
who are not capable of checking their own blood pressure with regards to resources and
skills to do such monitoring.
3. Educate the community with regards to diabetes such as prevention and lifestyle changes
with regards to diabetes mellitus such as informal counseling, coaching, provide social
support to improve diabetes testing, medication adherence, proper diet, physical activity,
and weight management.
4. The community organization should conduct cardio programs wherein residents of the
community will participate by having a competition and prizes such as free fruits and
vegetables, as well as medications from the government. The said program will benefit
the residents not only with regards to their functionality and mobility but their
compliance with such activities as well that could help them prevent diseases.
5. The community should conduct a flu vaccination yearly in order to boost the immunity
and reduce the incidence against flu viruses as much as possible. Take everyday
preventive actions to reduce the spread of flu.
6. Although the community is healthy, it has a high percentage of burning wastes as it’s
second type of wastes disposal. Therefore, The officials of the community should take all
necessary steps to educate the public regarding improper open burning of waste. Open
burning of garbage poses health risks to those exposed directly to the smoke. It especially
affects people with sensitive respiratory systems, as well as children, and the elderly.
7. People in the community should continue to develop proper attitudes and perception
towards waste handling, which should be achieved through both formal and informal
education. They should adopt a self-help approach to solving the problem and make sure
that they themselves continue to adhere to proper waste disposal practices.
8. Promote the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principle and disposing of your garbage in a
safer way will help you protect your health and the environment. Avoid disposable items.
Buy durable products and products that can be recharged, repaired, or refilled. They
should be educated regarding using plastic alternatives.
BIBLIOGRAPHY