Unit 1 Grammar @ Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Present simple Form statement: /you/we/they travel .. He/she/it travels... negative: {/you/we/they don’ttravel He/she/it doesn’t travel. question: Dol/you/we/they travel.. Does he/she/it travel Use Example Current habits Toby walks to work. To talk about how often things happen Angela doesn’t visit us very often. Permanent situations Carloworks ina travel agent’. States Do you have an up-to-date passport? General truths and facts Poland is in the European Union. ‘uth Ze Weean also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis. iat *Youdont likegoing by bus, do you?’Actually, do like going by bus for short distances The bus isn't quicker than the train but it does stop right outside the factory. Present continuous Form statement: _|.am driving ... You/we/they are driving ...He/she/it is driving... negative: _ I'mnot driving... You/we/they aren't driving... 01 You're/we're/they’re not driving... He/she/it isn’t driving ... or He’s/she’s/it’s not driving... question: Am |driving... Are you/we/they driving... ?1s he/she/it driving ...? Use Example Actions happening now Mikeis driving to work at the moment. Temporary series of actions Taxi drivers aren't stopping at the train station because of the roadworks. ‘Temporary situations Are they staying in a hotel near the Olympic stadium? Changing and developing situations Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular. Annoying habits (usually with always) Dad is always cleaning the car when | want touse it! Present perfect simple Form —_have/has + past participle statement: /you/we/they have flown... Helshe/it has flown... negative: I/you/we/they haven't flown... He/she/it hasn't flown... question: Have liyou/we/they flown...? Has he/she/it flown...? Use Example Situations and states that started in the past and are still true She's had her motorbike for over six years. Acero tions cntrungup to now ee teed yo bus pare arin -ain Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned Have you ever flown ina helicopter? Completed actions where the important thing is the present result | I've booked the coach tickets.Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Unit 1 {© Phrases such as It’s the first/second/etc time .. are followed by the present perfect simple. ¥ Its the second time Ive been on aplane, @ Speakers of American English often use the past simple in situations where speakers of British English would use the present perfect simple. US: We already saw the Sphinx. UK: We've already seen the Sphinx. © speakers of American English use gotten as the past participle of the verb ‘get, except when’get’ means ‘have’ or possess". Speakers of British English only ever use got. US: We've already gotten Dan anew backpack for his summer vacation. UK: We've already got Dan a new rucksack forhis summer holiday. Present perfect continuous Form statement: |/you/we/they have been travelling ... He/she/it has been travelling... negative: /you/we/they haven't been travelling... He/she/ithasn’t been travelling .. question: Have /you/we/they been travelling..? __ Has he/she/itbeen travelling...? Use Exampl Actions continuing up to the present moment We have been driving for hours. Can't we have a break soon? Actions stopping just before the present moment. I'm out of breath because I’ve been running to gethere in time. The present perfect continuousis often used with words and phrases like all day/week/year/etc, fon since jus etc. We've been walking forhours and Ineed arest. @ The present perfect continuousis not normally used with the words everand never. Y Haveyou ever flown in a helicopter before? x agice nn © Sometimes there is very litte difference in meaning between the present perfect simple and the resent perfect continuous and sometimes theres a difference in meaning. ¥ Ihave worked at the airport for four years. = I have been working at the airport for four years. Y Ihave read thet book about cruise ships.(| have finished it.) Ihave been reading that book about cruise ships. Ihave not finished it.) Stative verbs Stative verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses because they don't describe actions. ¥ Iseewhat you mean. X Jamsecing whatyoumean.— Use Stative verbs often refer to: Example thinking believe,imagine, know, mean, think, understand be,exist hate, like, love, need, prefer, satisfy, want hear, see, smell, sound, taste existence emotions the human senses appearance appear, look, resemble, seem possession and relationships between things belong to, consist of, have, include, involve,own “ Some vers (such as be, have, Imagine, look, see, smell, taste, think) are stative with one meaning aware OF and non-stative with another meaning. 7 Do you have your plane ticket with you? (state: possession) Are you having lunch at the moment?(action: eating)Unit 1 Grammar A Circle the correct word or phrase. Noausune Elizabeth usually goes /is usually going to bed at around eleven o'clock Dan talks /is talking on the other phone right now. We don't eat / aren't eating any meat atthe moment as we're both on a diet. Does air travel get /Is air travel getting increasingly safe? My mum ealls /is calling me every weekend without fail. How much do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning? You always come / You're always coming up with excuses for not having done your homework. It’s so annoying! I don’t go / I'm not going out much during the week but | always try / I'm always trying to go out somewhere on Saturday night. No, the train does stop /is stopping at Cirencester on Saturdays. My mum takes /is taking part in ice-skating competitions almost every weekend. B Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold. 1 w My dad is often getting up late on Saturday momings. Are you speaking any other languages apart from English? lalready buy all my Christmas presents and it’s only October! {t's the first time I'm ever havinga party at home. Actually,1 think Darren does works quite hard sometimes. Carlo is never eating Chinese food before. Sean already books a table for tonight. C Complete using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 It's the first time (1/ever / eat) octopus! SANDY esse sw (ROL/ See) his sister since she went to university. They ..... (go) on holiday to Spain and won't be back until the end of the month, Poor Tracy! She .. .. (Write) that essay for hours now and she still hasn't finished! (you / ever / meet) anyone famous? (1/ try) to get in touch with Jenny all morning but | can’t find her anywhere, (1/ not finish) the book yet so | can’t tell you what happens. (you / already / decide) where you'te going this summer? (We / live) here for the last six years. -~ (I/ never / hear) such nonsense!Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Unit 1 D Complete using the words in the box. already « before « ever for « just + rarely » since « so « still « yet Have you My dad’ lived in the same house The films only been on .. 1 He's only got home. It’s eleven o'clock and Todd ... I'venever met Ruth 10 Have you finished wervaununs E Choose the correct answer. 1 lal nmuom a shower at the moment, so could you call back in about half an hour? A takes B istaking C has taken D has been taking 2 to Ipswich before? A Do you ever go 8 Are you ever going C Have you ever been D Have youever been going to all the local newspapers and TV stations to complain. A already write B already writing C havealready written D_havealready been writing . TV for the last four hours? Turn it off and get some exercise! A Doyou watch B Are you watching Watched you D Have you been watching 5 Etc. just for fun? A do you usually play Bare you usually playing C have you usually played D_haveyou usually been playing hockey competitively or Jeo he was born. a couple of minutes. Bruce has knocked three men out ofthe competition . get the chance to get any exercise — I'm just too busy. dreamt of winning the lottery? haven't worked out how to set the timer on the . far. hasn't come home. Where could he be? -What's she like? 7That wes quick! That's the first time .. right today! A Iget B lamgetting C Ihave got D [have been getting an answer Jessica has A already B yet C still D so far left, 1m afraid. Dan sess in the living room while we redecorate his bedroom. A sleeps B issleeping C hasslept D does sleep Unfortunately, Simone .. off very often. A doesn’t get B isn'tgetting C hasn't got D hasn't been getting Actually, a cup of tea first thing every morning but then I switch to coffee. A dodrink B amdrinking have drunk D_have been drinkingUnit 1 Grammar F Complete using the correct form of the words in the box. be + disagree « do + include + know « look « see + seem + understand Ancient aviators? Everyone (1) ... that humans have been flying for only a few hundred years. But (2). ww it possible that ancient civilizations also had the ability and technology to fly? In the Nazcan Desert in southern Peru, there are hundreds of lines which an ancient culture drew in the dust. On the ground, they just (3) ow» like straight lines. But when you (4) .. them from the air, you (5) .... exactly what they are. They are incredible and enormous pictures. The pictures (6) .» animals, birds and symbols. One bizarre theory, which most mainstream scientists (7) with, is that the people who made the lines thousands and thousands of years ago flew above the lines in balloons. It (8) .. incredible, but a few people (9) believe it’s possible. G Match to make sentences. Se A darker hair than her sister. 2 Imthinking B I'm going to buy the new Racetrack CD. 3 Philslooking € — aheircut at the moment. 4 Phil looks D for his glasses. Have you seen them? 5 Claire has E notold enoughto drivea car. 6 Claires having F of getting Dad a CD for his birthday. 7 Andyis . G _ very annoying at the moment! 8 — Andyis being .. H_likehe needs a holiday! HH Find the extra word ineach line. International friends I've been to travelling round Europe all summer. It’s the first time I've ever been going abroad, and I've had a fantastic time! Ive seen loads of interesting places and | have to also made loads of new friends. I've been decided to stay in touch with them now Im back.One of, them, Giselle, is French. She was making on holiday too.We now send text messages are to each other all the time. They're usually in English because my French isn't very good! I'm planning to have visit her in France next year sometime.| hope | can.| am love meeting people from ‘other countries! | want to have had lots of friends from all over the world! Travelling certainly broadens the mind butit also is broadens your circle of friend: woVvansune 10 10Present time: present simple, present continucus, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous. stative verbs Unit 1 I Write one word in each gap. "You've (1) . looking at that timetable for the last ten minutes. t can’t be that confusing!’ said Sheila angrily. (2) snemnsonne Wish YOU be qUiet I'VE (3) sunninmmnnen & Splitting headache thanks to you! replied Matt. ‘Mum! Dad! Please!’ said Alison.’You're both (4) Very Silly. (5) cennnnnsnnn {SND point at all in blaming each other.That’s not going to help us find out what time the next train to Budapest is due to leave.’ "You (6) quite right, darling. 1(7) se - sorry, said Sheila. ‘Me too,’ mumbled Matt.’Now, let’s have another look at this timetable. Well it (8) like We (9) snnmnmmenn Gefinitely missed the last train today. That was the 18.20 we just missed, wasn't it?” “1(10) s0/' said Sheila.'I mean, it did leave at 18.20,Whether it’s actually going to Budapest or not is another question’ ‘Well, one thing is (11) .. in doubt,’said Matt. ‘What's that?‘asked Sheila and Alison together. ‘Thisis the worst holiday we've (12) smu been On,’ said Matt.’Next year, we're going to try something far less adventurous’ ‘Agreed! said Sheila and Alison. J Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1 What's the price of the tickets, Jimmy? much How 2 Arethese your trainers? to DO sno 3 Sasha's not keen on team sportsat all. like Sasha .. team sports at all. 4 Its onlyher second time in arecording studio. been She . a in arecording studio once before. 5 Wegothere three hoursago. have We ... sms three hOUrs. 6 [started writing this hours ago and it’s still not right. writing 1 hours and it’s still not right. 7 Thisis my first experience offlying alone. time Itisthe first sit alone. 8 — Sharon‘s in the bath at the moment. a Sharon at the moment. 9 Paul enjoys surprises apart from on his birthday, does Paul nmmen SUIPrises, just not on his birthday!