8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Rational Algebraic
Expressions
Mathematics – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Rational Algebraic Expressions
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: John Rey P. Taberna, Ly Harvey A. Campos, Ma. Grace B. Mostales,
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Chery Lou F. Bacongco
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the
post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity
and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you master how to illustrate
rational algebraic expressions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using. After going through this module, you are expected to:
In this module, you will be able to:
 illustrate rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-1
 simplify rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-2
 perform operations on rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-d-1
 solve problem involving rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Id-2

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. illustrate rational algebraic expressions;
2. differentiate rational algebraic expressions from non-rational algebraic
expressions.
3. Simplify algebraic expressions with zero and negative exponents;
4. Evaluate rational algebraic expressions;
5. Simplify rational algebraic expressions involving integral exponents.
6. find the product of rational algebraic expressions;
7. find the quotient of rational algebraic expressions;
8. find the sum of similar and dissimilar rational algebraic expressions;
9. find the difference of similar and dissimilar rational algebraic expressions.
10. solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions; and
11. formulate real-life problems on rational algebraic expressions.

What I Know
Before we start our lesson, let me know about your prior knowledge on
illustrating rational algebraic expressions.

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What expression contains operations, numbers, and one or more variables?
a. Basic Expressions c. Algebraic Expressions
b. Numerical Phrases d. Operational Coefficients
2. What is the constant in the expression 4x2 – 2x + 5?
a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 5
3. How many terms are there in the expression 3x + 1?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
4. What are the literal coefficients in the expression 2x + y + 3z?
a. x and y b. x and z c. y and z d. x, y and z
 5. What expression refers to the ratio of both polynomial numerator and
denominator?
a. Algebraic Expressions c. Rational Numerical Phrases
b. Basic Rational Expressions d. Rational Algebraic Expressions
4𝑥 0
6. What is the result when 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 2 in the expression ?
𝑦2
a. 0 b. 1 c. 8 d. 16
𝑥
7. Which of the following value(s) make the expression undefined?
𝑥 2 −9
a. 𝑥 = − 3 only c. 𝑥 = 3 only
b. 𝑥 = 2 only d. both 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 = −3
2𝑥 2 𝑦 −1
8. What is the value of the expression when 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 3 ?
4𝑥𝑦
1 1
a. b. c. 16 d. 18
16 18

𝑦3𝑧3
9. Evaluate the expression when 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑧 = 4.
𝑥𝑦 4 𝑧
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

10. What is the first step in dividing rational algebraic expressions?

a. Simplify the answer. c. Factor the polynomials.
b. Reciprocal the divisor. d. Find the least common denominator
2 3
11. Which of the following is the sum to and ?
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥+3
−7− 3x 7 + 3x −7+3x 7− 3x
a. b. c. d. x2−9
x2 −9 x2 −9 x2 −9
1 3
12. When you divide and , what is the quotient?
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4 𝑥+2
−1 1 −2 2
a. b. c. d.
3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6
3𝑥 5𝑥
13.What is the answer when the indicated operation is performed in ÷ ?
16𝑦 2 20𝑦 2
5𝑦 3
a. b. 4 c. 𝑦 2 d. 3𝑦 2
4𝑥

For item numbers 14 – 15, refer to the problem below.

Five divided by the sum of a number and three is equal to the quotient of two
and the difference of that same number and three. Find the number.

14. What expression represents “five divided by the sum of a number and three “?
5 𝑥+3 5
𝑎. b. 5𝑥 + 3 c. d.
𝑥−3 5 𝑥+3
15. What number is asked in the problem?
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9
 Lesson
Illustrating Rational
1 Algebraic Expressions

What’s In

Before the discussion of the new topic, let us review first your knowledge about
the following: translating the verbal phrases to mathematical phrases, the laws of
exponents, and identifying polynomials from non-polynomials.

Activity 1. Let us Match

A. Match the symbol with their correct implications.

Symbol Implication of Mathematical Symbols

______ 1. ( ) a. ratio of, the quotient of, divided by
______ 2. / b. equals, is equal to
______ 3. + c. the sum of, more than, increased by,
______ 4.- d. multiplied by, times
______ 5. = e. less than, decreased by, subtracted from, the difference

B. Match the name of polynomials with appropriate expressions.

Names of Polynomial Expression
______1. Binomial a. 2x
______2. Monomial b. 2x + 1
______3. Polynomial c. 2x2+2x+1
______4. Trinomial d. 2x3+2x2+2x+1

What are Non-polynomials?

1
1. √𝑥 or 𝑥 2 , a variable that has a rational power is not a polynomial.
1
2. 𝑥 , a variable found in the denominator is not a polynomial.
3. 𝑥 −1 , a variable with a negative power is also not a polynomial.

What’s New

Good Job! We are done with our review. Let’s go to our new topic the Rational
Algebraic Expression. First, let us discuss what an algebraic expression is.
 Activity 2. Can You Break It Down?
Directions: Identify the terms, numerical coefficient/s, literal coefficients and
constant of the following algebraic expression below.

Algebraic Terms Numerical Literal Constants

Expressions Coefficients Coefficients
Ex. 3b2 + 2c -5 3b2, 2c and -5 3 and 2 b2 and c -5

1. 4x + 2

2. 3c2 + 5x

What is It

An Algebraic Expression is an expression that contains operations, numbers,

and one or more variables.

Example 1: 5x – 2

In the above example, we can determine the parts of an algebraic expression.

5x and 2 are the two terms in the expression.
5 is the numerical coefficient or the numerical value of the term 5x.
x is the literal coefficient or variable written using a letter.
- is the operation used.
-2is the constant or a term with no variable.
A Rational algebraic expression is an expression containing a numerator and
denominator that are both polynomials. It is an expression of P(x) and Q(x) in the form
𝑃(𝑥)
of , where Q(x) ≠ 0.
𝑄(𝑥)
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2 numerator
Example, where 𝑥 ≠ 1 and − 1.
𝑄(𝑥) 𝑥 2 −1 denominator

You have learned in the past lesson about polynomials that if there is a radical
sign and a negative exponent, then the expression is not an algebraic expression.

Example:
2√𝑥
the numerator has a radical sign ( ),so, this is
3
not a rational algebraic expression.
Except: √4 , √9 , √16 or any number that has a square root.

𝑥 −5 +2
the numerator and also the denominator has a negative exponent
𝑦 −2
so, this is not a rational algebraic expression
 What’s More

Activity 3. Can You Recognize Me?

Direction: Identify which of the following are rational algebraic expressions and
which are not. Write R if it is a rational algebraic expression and N if it is
a non- rational algebraic expression.
𝑘 𝑥+2
_____1. _____2.
𝑚2 +3𝑘 𝑥−2

What I Have Learned

To summarize what you have learned. Fill in the blank with the appropriate
words.

In a rational algebraic, expression, the numerator and denominator should both

be _______________. Furthermore, the numerator with a variable inside radical sign (
) is ___ a rational algebraic expression. Moreover, the numerator and the denominator
with a _______ or ______ exponent, so, this is not a rational algebraic expression.

What I Can Do

This activity will apply your knowledge on illustrating rational algebraic

expression in real-life situation.
Activity 4. Can you help John?
John has given a task to determine if the given expression is a rational
algebraic expression or not. Write H if it is a rational algebraic expression and A if it is
a non- rational algebraic expression.
64𝑟 3𝑒𝑥 −2 𝑦+𝑟+7
_____1. _____2. _____3.
𝑚3 +5𝑛−17𝑜 𝑓𝑥 2 +𝑔𝑥 𝑦−𝑠−9
 Lesson
Simplifying Rational Algebraic
2 Expressions

What’s In

Before we learn about rationalizing algebraic expression, let us study how to

simplify algebraic expressions with zero and negative exponents.
Remember This:
Rules Explanations Examples
Base and Exponent The base is 𝑥 while the
𝑥 3 exponent is 0.
Zero Power: Any number or variable 40 = 1
𝑥0 = 1 raised to the power of zero 𝑦0 = 1
is always equal to one. (𝑚𝑛)0 = 1
Negative Power: Whenever there is a 1
𝑎−2 = 2
1 negative exponent, think of 𝑎
𝑥 −𝑛 = 𝑛 1
𝑥 its reciprocal. = 𝑚3
𝑚−3
Product Rule: If you are going to multiply
𝑥 𝑚 (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛 expressions with the same 𝑥 2 . 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 3+2 = 𝑥 5
bases, simply add their
exponents. (𝑡 4 )(𝑡 3 ) = 𝑡 7
Quotient Rule: If you have to divide
𝑥𝑚 expressions with the same 𝑐6
= 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛 , if 𝑚 > 𝑛. = 𝑐 6−4 = 𝑐 2
𝑥𝑛 bases, simply subtract the 𝑐4
exponents but take note of
𝑥𝑚 1 the position of the larger 𝑑2 1 1
𝑥𝑛
= 𝑥 𝑛−𝑚, if 𝑛 < 𝑚. = =
exponent. 𝑑 8 𝑑 8−2 𝑑 6

What’s New

Activity 1. Simplify Me
Direction: Simplify the following algebraic expressions with zero and negative
exponents. Write your answer on the space provided.

____________ 1. 𝑥 −3 ____________ 2. 𝑦 0 ____________ 3. 𝑐 7 𝑑 −5 𝑒 0

 What is It

In this section, you will be able to understand the process of simplifying

expressions with integral, zero and negative exponents.

Simplifying simple algebraic expressions

Example 1. 2(3x + 2) + 2x + 4
2(3x + 2) + 2x + 4 Use the distributive property to eliminate the parenthesis.
6x +4 + 2x + 4 Rewrite like terms together.
6x + 2x + 4 + 4 Combine like terms (add or subtract) like terms and its
coefficients
8x + 8 Look if there is a need to simplify
8(x+1) Final answer

Simplifying algebraic expressions with zero and negative exponents.

Example 2. 2x2(3x -1 + 2) + 2x2 + 4x0

2x2(3x -1 + 2) + 2x2 + 4x0 Use the distributive property to eliminate the
parenthesis and remember the laws of
exponents
6x +4x2 + 2x2 + 4 Arrange the terms according to its exponent

4x2 + 2x2 + 6x + 4 Combine like terms (add or subtract like

terms and its coefficients
6x2 + 6x + 4 Look if there is a need to simplify
2(3x3 + 3x + 2) Final answer
Evaluating algebraic expressions given a value.
1. Evaluate the expression 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2.
𝑥2 + 𝑥 Substitute the value of x
22 + 2 Simplify the expression using PEMDAS
4+2 Add
6 Final answer
𝑥3
2. Evaluate the expression given 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 4.
𝑦 −2
𝑥3
Simplify term with negative exponent
𝑦 −2
𝑥3𝑦2 Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦
23 ∙ 42 Simplify the expression using PEMDAS
8 ∙ 16 Multiply
128 Final answer
Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expressions
Example:
6𝑎3 𝑏2
1.
2𝑎𝑐 2
 6𝑎3 𝑏2
Factor the expressions
2𝑎𝑐 2
3∙2∙𝑎∙𝑎∙𝑎∙𝑏∙𝑏
Divide the expressions
2∙𝑎∙𝑐∙𝑐
3𝑎2 𝑏2
Final answer
𝑐2

𝑥 2 −9
2.
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6

𝑥 2 −9
Factor the expressions
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6

(𝑥−3)(𝑥+3)
Divide the expressions
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+2)
𝑥+3
Final answer
𝑥+2

What’s More

Activity 2. Can You Find Me?

Direction: Evaluate the following algebraic expressions involving integral, zero and
negative exponents by completing the table. Refer to the example given.

Expression Value of x Value of y Solution Answer

𝑥2 + 𝑦 3 5 𝑥2 + 𝑦= 32 + 5
=9 + 5 14
=14
𝑥0 4 3
1.
𝑦 −2
𝑥5 2 6
2.
𝑦2

Activity 3. Can You Simplify?

Direction: Simplify rational algebraic expressions. Write your answer on the space
provided.

𝑎 −3 𝑏0 𝑥 2 −4
1. 2.
𝑎𝑐 2 𝑥 2 +4𝑥−12

What I Have Learned

Excellent! Now, let us keep up the pace. Let us summarize what you have
learned from our lesson.
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the right word or words to make each step in
simplifying rational algebraic expressions correct.

Negative denominator zero numerator rational algebraic expressions

1. Evaluate the _________________ and _______________exponent.

2. Factor the ___________________ in the numerator and denominator.
3. Simplify the expressions in the ___________________ and ___________________.

What I Can Do
This activity will let you apply their understanding of illustrating and simplifying
rational algebraic expressions in real-life problem.

Activity 4: Solve Me!

Direction: Read and analyze the problem carefully.

There are two baskets filled with colored balls. Basket A, placed on top of the
table,has 5 red balls, 8 blue balls and 4 white balls. Basket B, placed below the table,
has 9 red balls, 6 blue balls and 7 white balls. If you are going to pick a ball with the
same color from each basket at the same time, how many red, blue and white balls will
remain in each basket?

Lesson
Operations on Rational
3 Algebraic Expressions

What’s In

Activity 1: Fill me in!

Direction: Solve the rational numbers and write the letter that corresponds to your
answer inside the box to reveal the mystery word.
1 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 3
B 2 A∙ 13 ÷ 4 R + A
4
÷
4
E − L ∙ G +
2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4
2 3

2 3
1 3 5 11
1 8
3 16 6 3 6

Magic Word: __________________________

 What’s New
This activity focusses on how to simplify rational algebraic expressions which is
essential to our topic today.

Activity 2: Make Me Simple!

Direction: Match the rational expressions on column A with its simplest form in column
B. Write the letter on the space provided.
Column A Column B

18𝑥 2 𝑦
_________ 1. a. x - 2
9𝑥 3 𝑦 2

𝑥 2 −4 2
_________ 2. b.
𝑥+2 𝑥+4
8𝑥−32 2
_________ 3. c.
4𝑥 2 −64 𝑥𝑦

d. 1

What is It

This time, I will show you the process on how to multiply, divide, add, and
subtract rational algebraic expressions.

A. Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions

In multiplying rational algebraic expressions, multiply the numerators

divided by the product of the denominators, where b and d are not equal to
zero. In symbols,
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
∙ = , where bd ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑

4𝑎2 𝑏 27𝑏2 𝑐 3
Example 1: Multiply and
3𝑏𝑐 16𝑎4
4𝑎2 27𝑏2 𝑐 3 2∙2∙𝑎∙𝑎∙3∙3∙3∙𝑏∙𝑏∙𝑐∙𝑐∙𝑐
Solution: ∙ = Prime Factorization and
3𝑏𝑐 16𝑎4 3∙𝑏∙𝑐∙2∙2∙2∙2∙𝑎∙𝑎∙𝑎∙𝑎
cancel the common terms
3∙3∙𝑏∙𝑐∙𝑐
= Simplify
2∙2∙𝑎∙𝑎
9𝑏𝑐 2
=
4𝑎2
3𝑥+6 5𝑥−15
Example 2: Find the product of and .
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
Solution:
3𝑥+6 5𝑥−15 3(𝑥+2) 5(𝑥−3) Factor the numerators and
∙ = ∙ (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2)
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6 (𝑥+3)(𝑥−3) denominators.
 3(𝑥+2) 5(𝑥−3)
= ∙ (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2) Cancel out the common
(𝑥+3)(𝑥−3) term.
(3)(5)
= Simplify the indicated
(𝑥+3)(𝑥+3)
expression.
15
=
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+9
B. Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions

In dividing rational algebraic expressions, multiply the dividend by

the reciprocal of the divisor, where b and c is not equal to zero. In symbols,

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑
÷ = ∙ = , where bc ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐

2𝑎2 𝑏 8𝑎𝑏𝑐
Example 1: What is the quotient of and ?
3𝑐 3𝑐 3
2𝑎2 𝑏 8𝑎𝑏𝑐 2𝑎2 3𝑐 3 Multiply the dividend by
Solution:
3𝑐
÷ 3𝑐 3
=
3𝑐
∙ 8𝑎𝑏𝑐 the reciprocal of the divisor
2∙𝑎∙𝑎 3∙𝑐∙𝑐∙𝑐 Prime factorization
= ∙
3∙3 2∙2∙2∙𝑎∙𝑏∙𝑐
𝑎∙𝑐∙𝑐 Simplify
=
3∙2∙2∙𝑏
𝑎𝑐 2
=
12𝑏
𝑚2 −2𝑚−15 𝑚2 −6𝑚+9
Example 2: Divide by .
𝑚2 −9 4𝑚− 12
Solution:
𝑚2 −2𝑚−15 𝑚2 −6𝑚+9 𝑚2 −2𝑚−15 (4𝑚− 12) Multiply the dividend by
÷ = ∙ the reciprocal of the divisor
𝑚2 −9 4𝑚− 12 (𝑚2 −9) (𝑚2 −6𝑚+9)
Factor the numerators and
(𝑚+3)(𝑚−5) 4(𝑚−3) denominators and cancel
= ∙
(𝑚+3)(𝑚−3) (𝑚−3)(𝑚−3) out the common terms
(𝑚−5)4
= Simplify
(𝑚−3)(𝑚−3)

4𝑚−20
=
𝑚2 −6𝑚+9

C. Adding and Subtracting Similar Rational Algebraic Expressions

In adding or subtracting similar rational expressions, add or

subtract the numerator and write the result as the numerator over the
common denominator. In symbols,
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 ±𝑐
± = , where b ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
 𝑥 2 +3 3(𝑥−1)
Example 1: Find the sum of and .
2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3 2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3
Solution:
Add the numerators and copy
𝑥 2 +3 3(𝑥−1) 𝑥 2 +3+3(𝑥−1)
+ 2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3 = the common denominator
2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3 2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3

𝑥 2 +3𝑥 Combine the numerator

=
2𝑥 2 +7𝑥+3
Factor the numerator and
𝑥 (𝑥+3)
= denominator
(2𝑥+1)(𝑥+3)
𝑥
= Answer
2𝑥+1
−10−6𝑥−5𝑥 2 𝑥 2 +5𝑥−20
Example 2: Subtract from .
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
Solution: Add the numerators
𝑥 2 +5𝑥−20 −10−6𝑥−5𝑥 2 𝑥 2 +5𝑥−20−(−10−6𝑥− 5𝑥 2 ) and copy the common
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
− 3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
= 3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 denominator

𝑥 2 +5𝑥−20+10+ 6𝑥+ 5𝑥 2 Change the sign of

=
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 subtrahend
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 +6𝑥−20+10
= Combine similar
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 terms
6𝑥 2 +11𝑥−10 Simplify
=
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
(3𝑥−2)( 2𝑥+5) Factor the numerator
= and denominator
(3𝑥−2)(𝑥+1)
2𝑥+5
= Answer
𝑥+1
D. Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational Algebraic Expressions.
In adding or subtracting rational expressions with different denominators,
change the rational algebraic expressions into its equivalent having the same
denominator using the least common denominator. Then, proceed to adding or
subtracting similar rational algebraic expressions. In symbols,

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑 ±𝑏𝑐
± = , where bd ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑

3 1
Example 1: Find the sum of and .
2𝑥 2 𝑦 3𝑥𝑦 2

Solution:
Step 1: Find the LCD of 2𝑥 2 and 3𝑥𝑦 2

2𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦
3𝑥𝑦 2 = 3 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦
LCD = 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 = 𝟔𝒙2 𝒚𝟐
 Step 2: Write each rational expression in equivalent
expressions.
3 3 3𝑦 2 9𝑦
= ∙ =
2𝑥 2 𝑦 2𝑥 2 𝑦 3𝑦 2 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2
1 1 2𝑥 2𝑥
= ∙ =
3𝑥𝑦 2 3𝑥𝑦 2 2𝑥 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2
Step 3: Combine the numerator over the LCD.

9𝑦 2𝑥 9𝑦+2𝑥
+ = Answer
6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2

𝑎+1 1
Example 2: Subtract and .
𝑎2 −5𝑎+4 𝑎−1
Solution:
Step 1: Find the LCD of 𝑎2 − 5𝑎 + 4 and 𝑎 − 1
𝑎2 − 5𝑎 + 4 = (a – 4)(a – 1)
𝑎−1 = 𝑎−1
LCD = (a – 4)(a – 1)(a – 1) = (a – 4)(a – 1)

Step 2: Write each rational expression into its equivalent expressions.

a+1 a+1 1 𝑎+1
= ∙ =
(a – 4)(a – 1) (a – 4)(a – 1) 1 (a – 4)(a – 1)
1 1 (a−4) 𝑎−4
= ∙ =
a−1 a−1 (a−4) (a – 4)(a – 1)

Step 3: Combine the numerator over the denominator.

𝑎+1 (𝑎−4) 𝑎+1−𝑎+4
− = (a – 4)(a – 1)
(a – 4)(a – 1) (a – 4)(a – 1)
5
= (a – 4)(a – 1)
5
= 𝑎2 −5𝑎+4

What’s More
Let us try to answer more challenging problems on operations on rational
algebraic expressions.

Activity 3: Solve it!

Direction: Perform the following operations below. Write your answer on the space
provided.

𝑥 2 −9 2𝑥 2 𝑥 2 4𝑥+4 𝑥 2 −4
1. ∙ 2. ÷
𝑥 𝑥+3 𝑥2 2𝑥
 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Explain it!
Direction: Write the correct answer on the space provided below.

1. How do you multiply rational algebraic expressions?

_________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the process in dividing rational algebraic expressions?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. How do you add or subtract similar rational algebraic expressions?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. How do you add or subtract rational algebraic expressions if the denominator is
dissimilar?
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Solve it
Direction: Solve the following rational algebraic expressions. Write your solution on
the space provided.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 2 3
1. ∙ ∙ 2. 2 ÷ ∙ 3. 1+ 𝑥2 + −
𝑥+4 𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −16 𝑥+4 1+ 𝑥 2 1+ 𝑥 2

Lesson Solving Problems Involving

4 Rational Algebraic
Expressions

What’s In

This module focuses on how to solve problems involving rational algebraic

expressions. Before we start with our new topic, let us review first on performing
operations on rational algebraic expressions.

Activity 1. Match Me!

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provided.
Column A Column B
2𝑥 8𝑥𝑦 5 + 2𝑥
_______ 1. ∙ a.
5 4𝑥 3 𝑥+7
 𝑥−2 8 4𝑦
______ 2. − b.
4 4𝑥 5

5 2𝑥 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−8
______ 3. + c.
𝑥+7 𝑥+7 4𝑥
5
d.
6𝑥 2

What’s New
Are you now ready for the next lesson? Translating mathematical phrases into
algebraic expressions and performing operations on rational numbers are essential in
solving problems involving rational algebraic expressions.

Activity 2: Represent Me!

Direction: Read the problem below and write your answer on the space provided.

3 1
Carlos planted of his piece of land with rice, and of the remaining was planted
5 2
with corn. What part of his land was planted with rice and corn?

Probing questions:

1. How will you represent the total area of Carlos’ land?

____________________________________________________________

2. How will you represent the part of the land that was planted with rice?
____________________________________________________________

3. How will you represent the remaining part of the land not planted with rice?
____________________________________________________________

4. How will you represent the part of the land planted with rice and corn?
____________________________________________________________

What is It

Here are the steps in solving word problems:

1. Read and understand the problem carefully.
- (R) Represent the unknown of the problem.
2. Plan a solution.
-(D) Decide what mathematical operations should be used.
3. Solve the problem.
-(A) Apply the mathematical operations to be used.
4. Check your answer.
-(V) Verify your answer.
Examples 1: Number problem
One number is three times another. The sum of their reciprocals is 4. What are
the two numbers?
Step 1: (R) Represent the unknown.
Given: Let x be the number. Then, 3x is the other number.
1
. is the reciprocal of the number
𝑥
1
is the reciprocal of the other number
3𝑥
Step 2: (D) Decide what mathematical operations should be used.
1 1
+ =4
𝑥 3𝑥

Step 3: (A) Apply the mathematical operations to be used.

1 1
3x ( + = 4 )3x
𝑥 3𝑥
1 1
3x( ) + 3𝑥 ( ) = 3𝑥(4)
𝑥 3𝑥
3 + 1 = 12x
4 = 12x
4
x=
12
𝟏
x = , this the number
𝟑
1
Substitute to 3x to get the other number: 3x, 3( )= 𝟏 ,is the other number.
3
Step 4: (V) Verify your answer.
1 1
+ 1 =4
1/3 3(3)
1
3 + =4
1
3+1=4
4 = 4, true.
1 = 1, true
Therefore, the number is 1/3 and the other number is 1.

Examples 2: Work problem

We are facing a pandemic crisis ravaging people’s lives. In order to minimize its
spreading and protect the people, the health sector is keen on practicing proper
sanitation. Romeo and Vincent were assigned to sanitize the whole area within the
vicinity of a certain hospital which includes the hallway, nurse station, and isolation
rooms. Romeo can sanitize in 3 hours while Vincent can do it in 6 hours. How long will
it take Romeo and Vincent to sanitize the whole area of the hospital if they will do the
job together?
To determine how long it will take Romeo and Vincent to finish the job together,
the following are the steps to be observed:

Step 1: (R) Represent the unknown.

Given: Let x is be the time that Romeo and Vincent work together.
𝑥
= Romeo’s time working alone.
3
𝑥
= Vincent’s time working alone.
6

Step 2: (D) Decide what mathematical operations should be used.

𝑥 𝑥
+ =1
3 6
Step 3: (A) Apply the mathematical operations to be used.
𝑥 𝑥
6( + ) = (1)6
3 6
 2x + x = 6
3x = 6
3𝑥 6
=
3 3 time that will take Romeo and Vincent
x = 2, working together.
Step 4: (V) Verify your answer.
𝑥 𝑥
+ =1 By substituting the value of x = 2
3 6
2 2
+ =1
3 6
2 2 2
( ∙ )+ =1
3 2 6
4 2
+ =1
6 6
6
=1
6
1 = 1, true
Therefore, the time it will take Romeo and Vincent to sanitize the whole area of
the hospital is 2 hours.

Example 3: Motion problem

Gerald can travel 40 miles on his motorbike at the same time, it takes Fitz to
travel 15 miles on his bicycle. If Fitz rides his bike 20 mi/h slower than Gerald rides
his motorbike, find each rate.
Step 1: (R) Represent the unknown.

Let x be the rate of the motorbike in mi/h.

Then x – 20 represents the rate of the bicycle in mi/h.
Remember: distance = rate x time, so equivalently, time = distance / rate.
Time for the motorbike = 40/x
Time for the bicycle = 15/ (x – 20)
time for motorbike = time for bicycle

Step 2: (D) Decide what mathematical operations should be used.

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓
=
𝒙 𝒙−𝟐𝟎

Step 3: (A) Apply the mathematical operations to be used.

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓
=
𝒙 𝒙−𝟐𝟎
40( x – 20) = 15 (x) We got the value of x as 32. Let us
40x – 800 = 15x now substitute this value to the
40x – 25 x = 800 expression that represents the rate of
25x = 800 the bicycle in mi/h.
x = 32
Substituting the value of x = 32, we got 𝑥 − 20 = 32- 20 = 12
So, the rate of the motorbike is 32 mi/h and the rate of the bicycle is 12 mi/h.

Step 4: (V) Verify your answer.

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓
=
𝒙 𝒙−𝟐𝟎
 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟑𝟐
= 𝟑𝟐−𝟐𝟎
= = , true.
𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

What’s More
Let us try to answer the real-life word problem involving rational algebraic
expressions.

Activity 3: Solve Me!

Direction: Solve the problem below by following the steps given earlier. Write your
answer on the space provided.

Peter can mow the lawn in 50 minutes and John can mow the lawn in 40
minutes. How long will it take for them to mow the lawn together?
Step 1: (R) Represent the unknown.

Step 2: (D) Decide what mathematical operations should be used.

Step 3: (A) Apply the mathematical operations to be used.

Step 4: (V) Verify your answer.

What I Have Learned

Here is another activity for you to summarize what you have learned in this
module.
Activity 4: Follow the steps

Direction: Enumerate the steps needed in order to answer the problem provided
below. Write your answer on the space provided.

The school purchased one (1) air-condition unit for the office. If it takes 6 hours
for Leo to install the air-condition unit and 5 hours for Junie to do the same job, how
long will it take the two of them to install the unit?

What I Can Do
At this point, you are now going to apply what you have learned in solving
word problems involving rational algebraic expressions.
lActivity 5: Solve Me More!
Direction: Read and solve the word problem below. Write your answer on the space
provided.

A rice retailer purchased 500 sacks of rice within 3 months. He purchased one-
third of the total number of sacks of rice in the first month, two-fifths in the second
month, and 60 sacks in the third month.

a. What is the mathematical representation of the given problem?

b. How many sacks of rice were purchased in the first month?

c. How about in the second month?

Assessment
Good Job! Let us test what you have learned from the very start of our lesson.
Now, I want you to read carefully and answer the questions below.

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. How many terms are there in the expression 5x + 4?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

2. What is the constant in the expression 5x2 – 3x + 9?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d.9

3. Which of the following is an algebraic expression?

a. 5x2 + 4y = 8 b. 2x + 4 c. 4 + 5 = 9 d. 7 + 2

4. Which of the following expressions could be considered as rational algebraic

expression?
1
2𝑏−𝑎
a. √110𝑥 𝑏. 5𝑥 2 𝑐. 4𝑦 2 − 9𝑧 −2 𝑑. 𝑏+2𝑎
4𝑥 0
5. What is the result when 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 2 in the expression ?
𝑦2

a. 0 b. 1 c. 8 d. 16

2𝑥 2 𝑦 −1
6. What is the value of the expression when 𝑥 = 1 and = 3 ?
4𝑥𝑦
1 1
a. b. c. 16 d. 18
16 18
𝑎𝑏−3 𝑐 2
7. What is the value of the expression when 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = 3?
𝑎 −2 𝑏2 𝑐
a. 12 b. 24 c. 42 d. 48
 6𝑎−24
8. Simplify this rational algebraic expression .
𝑎2 −8𝑎+16
6 6 12 12
a. b. c. d.
𝑎+ 4 𝑎−4 𝑎+4 𝑎−4

2 3
9. Which of the following is the sum to and ?
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥+3
7 + 3𝑥 −7+3𝑥 7− 3𝑥
c.
−7− 3𝑥
a. b. d.
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 −9

1 3
10. When you divide and , what is the qoutient?
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4 𝑥+2

1 −2 2
b.
−1
a. c. d.
3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+6

1 2
11. If is multiplied by , what would be the product of the numerator?
𝑥−3 𝑥−1
a. 1 b. 2 𝑐. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 𝑑. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3
1 2
12. Which of the following expression below is equal to + ?
2𝑥 3𝑥
7 7 7 6
a. 𝑏. 𝑐. 𝑑.
6 𝑥 6𝑥 7𝑥
1
13. Mang Juan bought 3 kilograms of mango at P 80 per kilo. How much did he
2
pay?
a. P 200.00 b. P 240.00 c. P 280.00 d. P 320.00
For item numbers 14 – 15, refer to the problem below.

Marl and John were asked to decorate the stage for the graduation. If Marl works
alone, he can do the job in 10 days and John can do it in 4 days. How long will it take
them to finish the task if they will work together?

14. What part of the job can Marl finish in 3 days?

3 𝑥 3 10
𝑎. 𝑏. c. d.
𝑥 10 10 3

15. How many days will it take them to finish the task if they will work together?
a. 1.86 b. 2.86 c. 3.86 d. 4.86

Additional Activities

Direction: Formulate one real-life problem involving factors of polynomials based on

your own experiences.

Your performance will be rated using the scoring rubric below.

Score Descriptors
5 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and all computations are correct with the following steps.
4 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and all computations are correct
3 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and mostly of the steps are correct.
2 Formulates real-life problem based on learner’s experiences and some
computations are correct.
1 Formulates real-life problem based on learner’s experiences and the
computations are w/rong.
 Grade 8 Learners’ Manual page 106 – 109
K to 10 Grade 8 Math Teachers Guide pp. 60-63, 82-86, 63-94,
References
Assessment
1. b What I Can What New
2. d Do
LESSON 1
3. b LESSON 3
4. d Algebraic terms numerical literal constants
Expressions coefficients coefficients
5. b 1. H
6. b 2. A Ex. 3b2 + 2c 3b2 3 and 2 b2 and c -3
3. H -3 and
7. b 2c
8. b 1. 4x + 2 4x 4 x 2
9. c and
LESSON 2 2
10. b 2. 3c2 + 5x 3c2 3 and 5 c2 and x None
Basket A: 2 and
11. b
blue balls 5x
12. c
LESSON 2 LESSON 3 LESSON 4
13. c Basket B: 4 red
14. c balls and 3 𝟏
1. 1. c 1. x
15. b white balls 𝒙𝟑
3
2. 1 2. a 2. 𝑥
5
𝑐7 3
3. 3. b 3. x –
What’s More 𝑑5 5
3 1
LESSON 1 LESSON 3
4. 𝑥 – 𝑥
5 2
1. R 1. 2x (x-3) What’s In What I Know
2
2. R 2. 𝑥 (𝑥−2) LESSON 1 1. C 11. C
A. B. 2. D 12. B
LESSON 2 LESSON 4 1. d 1. b
3. B 13. B
𝑥 𝑥 2. a 2. a
Activit 2: A. and 4. D 14. D
50 40 3. c 3. d
1. 9 4. e 4. c 5. D 15. C
8 𝑥 𝑥
2. B. 5. b 6. B
9 50
+ 40 = 1
7. D
LESSON 3 8. B
Activity 3: C. 22.22 minutes
1 Activity 1: ALGEBRA
1. 4 2
9. D
𝑎 𝑐
LESSON 4 10. D
𝑥+2 1. b 2. C 3. a
2.
𝑥−2
Answer Key
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process
of LR development was observed in the production of this module. This is version
1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

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