Midterm Examination in

Elementary Plant Physiology

Leaves 1. is the major site of photosynthesis

Parenchyma cells 2. a generalized plant cell type which is alive at its maturity. It is the most

general of plant cells. It functions as the bulk of ground and vascular tissues as well as in

photosynthesis and in storage.

Sclerenchyma cells 3. This cell is alive at its maturity. It supports the plant and characterized by

thickening of the wall. They tend to occur as part of vascular bundles and stains red when viewed

in prepared slides.

Ground tissue 4. the tissue of the leaf (called mesophyll) uses the energy in sunlight to

synthesize sugars in a process known as photosynthesis

Stomata 5. The ___ allow gases and water vapor into and out of the leaf.

Guard cells 6. It controlled the closing and opening of leaf stomata

Chloroplast 7. The most important characteristic of plants is their ability to

photosynthesize, to make their own food. This i by converting light energy into chemical energy.

This process is carried out in specialized organelles called____.

not available to the plant. This type of soil water is bound so tightly to the soil by adhesion

properties that very little of it can be taken up by plant roots.

False 9. Plant cells are generally smaller than plant cells with their cells ranging

from 1030um in length. True or false?

Humidity 10. Transpiration is essential to plants because it is responsible for the what

we so called evaporative cooling which reduce risk of leaf temperatures becoming too high for

carbohydrates to function.

TEST II
 A. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the plant. Water diffuses out of the plant

from a 100% concentration in leaves to an area of low concentration. Explain this

process using an illustration/ diagram. (20pts)

TEST III. Essay

 When referring the shoot system in plant we generally refer to the leaves, buds, flowering

stems and flowering buds as well as the main stem itself. The shoot system is mainly in

main stem. Shoot system conduct the substance up and down the plants. The leaves are

the main photosynthetic organ of the plant. The stems hold the plants and contain the

xylem and phloem. The shoot system also needs to be in sunlight so that the plant is able

to photosynthesize.

B. Differentiate the two types of root system. Give at least 5 examples of plants for each

type. (5pts)

 The two types of root system are taproots and fibrous roots. In taproots is a large main

root that comes off of the stem and has many smaller lateral roots while, fibrous roots a

system which has many roots of the same size that break off into small lateral roots.

Taproots:

1. Carrot

2. Beetroot

3. Sugar beet

4. Parsley

5. Radish

Fibrous Roots:

1. Bamboo

2. Banana

3. Onion

4. rice
 5. Coconut tree

C. Differentiate the three types of plant tissue. (5pts).

 Dermal tissue it covers and protect the plant and controls gas exchange and water

absorption in roots.

 Ground tissue carries out different function based on the cell type and location in the

plant.

 Vascular tissue it transports water, mineral and sugars to the different parts of the plant.

D. Differentiate monocot from a dicot plant? Which is more anatomically efficient in

adapting to climate change? (10pts).

 Monocot plant are those whose seed contain single cotyledon. While the Dicot

plant are those seeds that contains two cotyledons. The most adapting plants to

climate change are that dicotyledons plants or dicot which is persistent to the

climate change like mango.

E. Is it possible for plant to survive without water? Explain your answer. Give concrete

examples to justify your answer. (15pts)

 No, because all plants require water for photosynthesis, transpiration and

chemical reactions taking in plant cells. Without adequate water, plants cannot

maintain turgor the internal cell pressure that keeps stem and leaves stiff so plants

can wilt. Without water most of the plants will die.

Without water they have no photosynthesis that plant can’t produce food or sugars

for growth. In chemical reactions cannot occur and plants wilt. Like for example in

tomato, without a water the leaves become dull and lose their shine. This is because the

plant slow transpiration to slow its water loss. Wilting of the tomato as the plant lose
 more water cell pressure is too low to maintain turgor and stem, leaves become

collapsing. The tomato plant eventually dies if the plant loses too much water for too

long, plant tissue cannot be survived. But there are some instances, like cacti plants or

succulent or in a cactus the water is store in their stem, during the dry periods they are

already stored water and continue to grow and during the night they process of

photosynthesis.

F. Discuss how plants get water from soil. What is/are the mechanism involving? (15pts).

 Plants get water they need from the soil in order to grow. But how does water

move from the plant roots in the soil to the other plants? This movement of water

take place in xylem the vein like tubes that run from the roots of the plant to the

leaves and other parts. These tube moves the water and other nutrients from the

soil to the other parts of the plant that need them. Normally, water is more dilute

inside the soil then, the water inside the roots. Therefore, the water will diffuse

into the roots due to osmosis. The xylem vessels will then transport the water to

the leaves or other parts that needs the water.