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SCC 2.0 Beta2 UserManual

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SCC 2.0 Beta2 UserManual

Uploaded by

Michael Herrick

Available Formats

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You are on page 1/ 57

SCAP Compliance Checker

Version 2.0 Beta 2

December 16, 2010

Developed by:
Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center Atlantic
P.O. Box 190022
North Charleston, SC 29419-9022
[email protected]
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 References ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Standards Supported............................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Platforms Officially Supported .............................................................................................. 1
1.4 SCAP Content Included........................................................................................................ 2
1.5 SCAP Validations ................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 Software Licensing ............................................................................................................... 2
1.7 Changelog ............................................................................................................................ 2
2. Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) 6.0 ........................................................................ 3
2.2 Administrative Rights............................................................................................................ 3
2.3 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks................................................................... 3
2.4 Server Service for Remote Reviews .................................................................................... 3
2.5 Remote Registry for Remote Reviews ................................................................................. 3
2.6 Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Service ....................................................... 3
2.7 Firewall Exceptions for Remote Reviews ............................................................................. 3
3. Install/uninstall software ............................................................................................................ 4
3.1 Install Software ..................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Silent Installation .................................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Uninstall Software................................................................................................................. 4
3.4 Silent Uninstall ...................................................................................................................... 4
4. Using the Software ..................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Select Computers to Review ................................................................................................ 5
4.2 Select Reports ...................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 Select File Format(s) for Reports ......................................................................................... 6
4.4 Selecting SCAP Content ...................................................................................................... 6
4.5 Configuring SCAP Patch Content Update Options .............................................................. 7
4.6 Selecting OVAL Content....................................................................................................... 9
4.7 Configuring OVAL Content Update Options......................................................................... 9
4.8 Editing Preferences .............................................................................................................. 11
4.9 Editing Deviations................................................................................................................. 12
4.10 Customizing Compliance Thresholds................................................................................. 13
4.11 Performing Analysis............................................................................................................ 14
4.12 Canceling an Analysis ........................................................................................................ 14
4.13 Viewing Single Computer HTML and Text Reports ........................................................... 14
4.14 Generating Multi-Computer Summary Reports.................................................................. 15
4.15 Generating Detailed Reports (from XCCDF and OVAL results) ........................................ 16
4.16 Generate Cyberscope Report ............................................................................................ 18
4.17 Saving Options to an XML File ........................................................................................... 19
5. Using the Software via Command Line .................................................................................... 20
5.1 Command Line Parameters ................................................................................................. 20
5.2 Editing the options.xml File................................................................................................... 22
5.3 Files Required for Command Line Functionality .................................................................. 23
5.4 Collecting Resulting Files ..................................................................................................... 23
5.5 Generating Multi-Computer Summary Reports from the Command Line ............................ 24
6. Viewing Results .......................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Viewing Single Computer Reports ....................................................................................... 25

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6.2 Viewing Single Computer HMTL and Text Reports ............................................................. 26

6.3 Viewing Recent Reports From the GUI ................................................................................ 27
6.4 Viewing Multi-Computer HTML and Excel Reports.............................................................. 27
6.5 Understanding the Result Status Information ...................................................................... 27
6.6 Understanding Color Coding in the HTML Reports ............................................................. 28
6.7 Viewing Screen, Error or Debug Logs.................................................................................. 29
7. INSTALLING SCAP Content....................................................................................................... 30
7.1 URL for NIST FDCC/USGCB SCAP Content ...................................................................... 30
7.2 SCAP Content File List......................................................................................................... 30
7.3 Installing New SCAP Content via the SCC GUI................................................................... 30
7.4 Installing SCAP Content Manually ....................................................................................... 30
7.5 Using New SCAP Content.................................................................................................... 30
7.6 Updating SCAP Patch Content Automatically ...................................................................... 31
8. INSTALLING OVAL Content....................................................................................................... 32
8.1 URL for the OVAL Repository .............................................................................................. 32
8.2 Saving OVAL Content Files.................................................................................................. 32
8.3 Installing New OVAL Content via the SCC GUI ................................................................... 32
8.4 Using New SCAP Content.................................................................................................... 32
9. List of FILES and Registry keys ................................................................................................ 33
9.1 Files Installed by the SCC .................................................................................................... 33
9.2 Registry Keys Created During SCC Installation................................................................... 33
9.3 Files Created During Software Execution ............................................................................ 33
10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ...................................................................................... 35
11. Troubleshooting........................................................................................................................ 42
11.1 Ensure Necessary Services are Enabled and Running ..................................................... 42
11.2 Ensure a Client Firewall is not Blocking the Registry, Shares or WMI .............................. 42
11.3 Verify Administrative Rights ............................................................................................... 42
11.4 Testing Connections........................................................................................................... 42
12. Known Issues............................................................................................................................ 44
12.1 FDCC SCAP Content Issues.............................................................................................. 44
12.2 USGCB SCAP Content Issues........................................................................................... 44
12.3 DISA STIG Content Issues................................................................................................. 45
12.4 Secedit Bug in Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 2............................................................ 45
13. SCAP Implementation .............................................................................................................. 47
13.1 CVE Implementation........................................................................................................... 47
13.2 CCE Implementation .......................................................................................................... 48
13.3 CPE Implementation........................................................................................................... 48
13.4 CVSS Implementation ........................................................................................................ 48
13.5 XCCDF Implementation...................................................................................................... 49
13.6 OVAL Implementation ........................................................................................................ 49
13.7 OVAL tests supported by SCC........................................................................................... 50
14. Technical Support..................................................................................................................... 52
14.1 Point of Contact .................................................................................................................. 52
14.2 Software Releases ............................................................................................................. 52
15. Credits ........................................................................................................................................ 53

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1. INTRODUCTION
The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Compliance Checker (SCC) is designed to review
Windows computers to determine if they meet the minimum security requirements of the Federal Desktop
Core Configuration (FDCC) and the United Stated Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) which
are mandated by Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for all government owned and contractor
computers.

The SCC is a SCAP Validated FDCC Scanner and Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL)
adoptor, capable of performing compliance verification using SCAP content, and authenticated
vulnerability scanning using OVAL content.

1.1 References
NIST FDCC
http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm

NIST SCAP
http://nvd.nist.gov/scap.cfm

NIST USGCB
http://usgcb.nist.gov

MITRE OVAL
http://oval.mitre.org

NIST Cyberscope
http://scap.nist.gov/use-case/cyberscope

SCAP Compliance Checker SCAP Validation Page

http://nvd.nist.gov/validation_spawar.cfm

SPAWAR's SCC Page

www.public.navy.mil/spawar/Atlantic/ProductsServices/Pages/SCAP.aspx

1.2 Standards Supported

• SCAP Version: 1.0.0.0

• OVAL Version: 5.7
• XCCDF Version: 1.1.4
• CPE Version: 2.2
• CCE Version: 5.0
• ARF Version: 0.41
• Cyberscope Version: DRAFT 1.0.0 Early Access Release 1

1.3 Platforms Officially Supported

• Windows XP
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7

Note: The SCC will install and run on Windows 2000/2003/2008/R2.

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1.4 SCAP Content Included

• FDCC Version: 1.2.0.0

• NIST Release Date: 2010.11.17
• Windows XP Operating System
• Windows XP Firewall
• Windows Vista Operating System
• Windows Vista Firewall
• Internet Explorer 7

• USGCB Version: 1.0.0.0

• NIST Release Date: 2010.11.17
• Windows 7 OS (x86)
• Windows 7 OS (x64)
• Windows 7 Energy (x86)
• Windows 7 Energy (x64)
• Windows 7 Firewall (x86)
• Windows 7 Firewall (x64)
• Internet Explorer 8

1.5 SCAP Validations

• FDCC Scanner
• SCAP Validation Date: February 25, 2009

1.6 Software Licensing

There are no per seat licensing costs associated with this application. This software is free and can be
used on any number of government or contractor computers. Should you require any technical support
or customized features, a support contract can be setup to accommodate your needs.

1.7 Changelog
Below is an abbreviated list of the primary changes from version 1.1 to 2.0 Beta 2. Please refer to the
release notes for a complete list of updates.

• Added full support for Windows 7

• Added full support for Internet Explorer 8
• Added support for many additional OVAL 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7 probes
• Added support for automatically downloading updated patch content from Intranet and/or Internet
• Added feature to regenerated detailed HTML and Text based reports from existing XCCDF and
OVAL XML results
• Updated the content installation user interface
• Added ability to run the software from CD-ROM
• Added ability to process OVAL vulnerability content
• Added new OVAL vulnerability reports
• Added support for default CPE-OVAL and CPE-Dictionary, which allows XCCDF and OVAL files
to be processed as a SCAP stream.
• Added support for generating ARF XML output
• Added support for generating Draft Cyberscope XML output
• Updated CPE support to allow for a more complex nested CPE structure

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2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) 6.0
Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) 6.0 is required by SCC to validate and transform XML
documents. Most Windows systems should have this installed.

If the MSXML 6.0 is not installed on the system, the review can still complete and create the XCCDF and
OVAL XML files, but it will not be able to create any HTML or text-based reports.

A download is available at:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=993C0BCF-3BCF-4009-BE21-
27E85E1857B1&displaylang=en

2.2 Administrative Rights

The SCC requires the user to have administrative rights on the computer to be reviewed.

When performing a review of a local Windows Vista system, right click the SCC shortcut and select "Run
as administrator" to bypass Vista's User Account Control security feature and give SCC the privileges
necessary to scan. Users must be logged in as an administrator to perform this action. When performing
a review of a remote Vista system, log in as a domain administrator to see the administrative shares of
the Vista system. Administrative share access is required for some SCAP data streams.

2.3 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks

When performing a review of a remote system, the remote File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft
Networks must be installed and enabled in order to connect to the Administrative shares. This Network
component is installed and enabled by default on Windows XP, but may need to be enabled on Windows
Vista.

2.4 Server Service for Remote Reviews

When performing a review of a remote system, the remote Server Service must be enabled and running
in order to connect to the Administrative shares. This service is installed and enabled by default.

2.5 Remote Registry for Remote Reviews

When performing a review of a remote system, the remote system must have the Remote Registry
service enabled and running. This service is installed and enabled by default.

2.6 Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Service

Several checks in the SCAP content require performing checks by querying WMI data. For both local
and remote reviews, the WMI service must be enabled and running. This service is installed and
enabled by default.

2.7 Firewall Exceptions for Remote Reviews

When performing a review of a remote system, the remote system's firewall settings may prohibit SCC
from scanning. If the client firewall is blocking WAN/LAN connectivity to the file shares, remote registry
or WMI, SCC will not be able to perform a remote review.

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3. INSTALL/UNINSTALL SOFTWARE
Note: Installer should be run with an Administrator account.

3.1 Install Software

1. Double click on the installer (SCC_2.0_Beta2_Setup.exe).
2. Read the Welcome Screen and click Next.
3. Read the License Agreement page, click "I agree", and click Next.
4. Read the Readme page and click Next.
5. Choose the Destination Folder (or leave at the default) and click Next.
6. Select "Install for all users" or "Install for the current user only" and click Next. The "Install for the
current user only" option allows a non-administrator to install the software; however, the Start
Menu icons will only appear on that user's Start Menu.
7. Read the final page and click Finish.

3.2 Silent Installation

To perform an automatic, silent installation based on default settings, run the installer via command line
with a /S flag.

Example: SCC_2.0_Beta2_Setup.exe /S

To perform an automatic, silent installation and specify the installation directory, run the installer via
command line with a /S and /D flag.

Example: SCC_2.0_Beta2_Setup.exe /S /D <Path>

Note: /D is case sensitive

3.3 Uninstall Software

1. Click Start -> Programs -> SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 -> Uninstall.
2. Read the Welcome Screen and click Next.
3. Read the list of Files not Deleted and determine if the files should be deleted or kept. By default,
the uninstaller does not remove any file created after the installation. Click Delete, Delete All, or
Next.
4. Click Finish.

3.4 Silent Uninstall

To perform an automated, silent uninstallation, run the uninstaller via command line with a /S flag

"C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2"\uninstall.exe /S

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4. USING THE SOFTWARE
To start the application with a Graphical User Interface (GUI), click:

Start -> Programs -> SCAP Compliance Checker -> SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2

4.1 Select Computers to Review

The SCC can review the local computer or remote computers over LAN/WAN connections. Select one
of the following options:

Option Description
Local Computer Select Local Computer to perform the analysis on your local computer.

Local Administrative rights to this computer are required.

Single Remote Select Single Remote Computer to perform the analysis on a remote
Computer computer over the network. This requires:

• Remote Registry running, Administrative Shares and WMI enabled.

• Domain Administrative or Local Administrative rights on the computer.
• Firewall of the target computer does not prevent access.

Multiple Remote Multiple Remote Computers analysis is identical to Single Remote Computer
Computers analysis, but performs it on a text file of computer names.

To use, create a text file with one computer name per line (no spaces,
commas, etc) such as:

Computer1
Computer2
Computer3

As with the Single Remote Review, this option requires:

• Remote Registry running, Administrative Shares and WMI enabled.

• Domain Administrative or Local Administrative rights on the computer.

• Firewall of the target computer does not prevent access.

Note: The "Multiple Remote Computers" are performed serially over the LAN/WAN, which may take a
significant amount of time, depending on the number of computers reviewed and the speed of the
LAN/WAN. If a large number of computers (hundreds or thousands) are to be reviewed, it is
recommended to script this process and run the software locally on each computer via other means.
Please refer to the Using the Software - via Command Line for command line instructions.

4.2 Select Reports

Select the Reports to be created during the analysis.

Report Description

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All Settings This report contains detailed pass and fail results from each check performed. It
is a large report and is not intended for printing.

All Settings This report contains a summary of pass and fail results from each check.
Summary
Non-Compliance Non-compliance reports contain detailed results from each failed check. It is a
large report and is not intended for printing.

Non-Compliance This report contains a summary of the failed checks.

Summary

4.3 Select File Format(s) for Reports

Format Description
HTML HTML formatted reports for viewing with a web browser

Text Plain Text reports for viewing with a text editor such as Notepad or Wordpad.

4.4 Selecting SCAP Content

1. Click Edit -> Options
2. Click the SCAP Content tab

The Content Selection form lists all of the SCAP streams available to the user. The SCC searches the
<SCC Install>\Resources\Content directory and subdirectories for SCAP streams.

4.4.1 Select All, Clear All & Install Content Options

Option Description
Select All This options allow you to quickly enable all content Streams, and the first
available Profile
Clear All This options allow you to quickly disable all content Streams

Install SCAP This feature allows the user to automatically extract the contents of a zipped
Content SCAP stream, and install them into the <SCC Install>\Resources\Content
directory. To use, just click the 'Install Content' button and browse to the zip file
containing XCCDF and OVAL content files you wish to install.

After the SCAP content files are extracted, a new SCAP stream should be listed
on the content selection window. To enable it, click the Enable checkbox and
select a profile.
Display OVAL This dropdown allows you to filter what is displayed on the form based on OVAL
Version version. By default, only OVAL 5.4 content is bundled with SCC, so this option
will only be useful for users who install custom content

4.4.2 Select SCAP Stream Options

Option Description
Enable This checkbox is used to enable the usage of the SCAP Stream
Stream A SCAP stream typically consists of 4 to 5 XML files. The stream name is

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Using the Software

determined by the prefix shared by all the files. For example, each file in the
FDCC XP Firewall stream starts with 'fdcc-xpfirewall' (this is the stream name).

Version This field lists the version of the SCAP stream.

Select Profile A SCAP stream may contain one or more Profiles. Profiles determine which rules
defined in the content are performed. A Profile example is:
"federal_desktop_core_configuration_version_1.2.0.0"
SCAP Stream This button will open a new form listing additional details from the SCAP Stream
Details
Delete SCAP This option will allow you uninstall SCAP content from the <SCC
Stream Install>\Resources\Content directory

4.4.3 SCAP Stream Details

By pressing on the SCAP Stream Details form button, a new form will appear with the Stream,
Version, Status, Profile, OVAL Version, XCCDF Date, Patches Date, Title, Platform, Publisher,
Description and Notice.
4.4.3.1 Save SCAP Prose Reports
This option will allow you to save a human readable version of the XCCDF and OVAL files to either
HTML or Text format. To use, a Profile must be selected on the Content form. If no profile is selected,
the buttons will be disabled.

4.5 Configuring SCAP Patch Content Update Options

1. Click Edit -> Options
2. Click the SCAP Content tab
3. Click Content Updates

The SCC can be configured to periodically check for updated SCAP patch content XML files. For the
FDCC/USGCB content maintained by NIST, the XCCDF files contain external references to the current
patch content files online.

To prevent potential bandwidth issues and fingerprinting of your network, it is highly recommended to
use a website on your Intranet to obtain updated patch content. When NIST releases revised content,
which is about once a month, these files will need to be replaced by a system administrator.

The patch content website can be obtained by viewing the XCCDF XML file with a XML or Text editor.
Below are some samples from the NIST FDCC SCAP Content.

<check-content-ref href="http://nvd.nist.gov/scap/content/fdcc-ie7-patches.xml"/>
<check-content-ref href="http://nvd.nist.gov/scap/content/fdcc-winvista-patches.xml"/>
<check-content-ref href="http://nvd.nist.gov/scap/content/fdcc-winxp-patches.xml"/>

4.5.1 Patch Content Update Process

1. SCC Determines if the user has selected downloading from an Intranet or Internet website.
2. SCC Checks the user specified Update Frequency against the file modified time of the local copy
of the patch content.
3. If the Primary or Secondary Intranet download succeeds, then the Internet download is not
attempted, even if the option is enabled.
4. After the patch content XML file has been downloaded, an XML validation is performed to ensure
the XML is valid.
5. If the downloaded content is valid and newer than the local copy, then the local copy is replaced.

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4.5.2 Update Frequency

Option Description
Download The SCC will check the modified date of the patches file referenced in the XCCDF
updated patch file. For example, in the fdcc-winxp stream, the patches file is called 'fdcc-winxp-
content if local patches.xml'.
file is older than
[] days. If the date modified of the file is greater than the user specified threshold, then the
SCC will attempt to download an updated version from a user specified Intranet
site, or use the URL specified in the XCCDF, which is likely an Internet reference.

4.5.3 Intranet Settings

Option Description
Download from This checkbox is used to enable the functionality of downloading patch content
Intranet Site from the users local Intranet.
Primary Intranet URL to an HTTP (not HTTPS) website on the users Intranet LAN/WAN.
Site URL (http
only) Example:
http://yourintranet.gov

SCC will then lookup the file names for the patch content and attempt to
download the local files. If the end user is reviewing Windows XP and Vista
computers, the SCC will lookup the patch content information from the FDCC
XCCDF file and attempt to download the following:

http://yourintranet.gov/fdcc-winxp-patches.xml
http://yourintranet.gov/fdcc-winxp-patches.xml
http://yourintranet.gov/fdcc-ie7-patches.xml

Secondary This is an optional backup URL incase the first local website is not available. This
Intranet Site only is performed if the primary Intranet download is not successful.
URL (http only)

4.5.4 Internet Settings

Option Description
Download from Most XCCDF XML files contain a URL to the current patch content XML file.
URL specified in Since this file will very likely be an Internet URL, this option should be used with
each XCCDF caution as it will cause the application to download from the Internet.
File
If the application is being run via a scheduled task or other method across an
enterprise, this could cause bandwidth issues for your agency or potentially cause
a denial of service to the hosted website. For example, if an agency has 10,000+
computers running the SCC at the same time, it could cause some significant
bandwidth problems.

4.5.5 Default Settings

By default the SCC will not attempt to download patch content. It will use the copy which is provided
with the SCC installer, or any additional SCAP stream bundles that are installed by the end user.

As the patch content should change periodically it is recommended to either manually replace the patch
content on a periodic basis, or configure SCC by the use of a local Intranet patch content website.

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4.6 Selecting OVAL Content

1. Click Edit -> Options
2. Click the OVAL Content tab

The Content Selection form lists all of the OVAL content available to the user. The SCC searches the
<SCC Install>\Resources\OVAL_Content directory and subdirectories for OVAL XML files.

For more information on obtaining and installing new OVAL content, please refer to the "Installing OVAL
Content" section

4.6.1 Select All, Clear All & Install Content Options

Option Description
Select All This options allow you to quickly enable all OVAL content
Clear All This options allow you to quickly disable all OVAL content

Install OVAL This feature allows the user to install OVAL to the <SCC
Content Install>\Resources\OVAL_Content directory. To use, just click the 'Install Content'
button and browse to an OVAL XML file.

After the OVAL content files is installed, the OVAL content (based on the file
name) should be listed along with the internal date modified and OVAL version.
To enable it, click the Enable checkbox.
Display OVAL This dropdown allows you to filter what is displayed on the form based on OVAL
Version version.

4.6.2 Select OVAL Content Options

Option Description
Enable This checkbox is used to enable the usage of the SCAP Stream
OVAL Content OVAL content is a single OVAL XML file, either manually created, or downloaded
from the MITRE OVAL repository.

Delete OVAL This button will delete the SCAP content XML files associated to the Stream.
Content

4.7 Configuring OVAL Content Update Options

1. Click Edit -> Options
2. Click OVAL Content
3. Click the Patch Content Update tab

The SCC can be configured to periodically check for updated OVAL vulnerability XML files.

4.7.1 OVAL Content Update Process

1. SCC Determines if the user has selected downloading from an Intranet or Internet website.

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2. SCC Checks the user specified Update Frequency against the file modified time of the local copy
of the patch content.
3. If the Primary or Secondary Intranet download succeeds, then the Internet download is not
attempted, even if the option is enabled.
4. After the patch content XML file has been downloaded, an XML validation is performed to ensure
the XML is valid.
5. If the downloaded content is valid and newer than the local copy, then the local copy is replaced.

4.7.2 Update Frequency

Option Description
Download The SCC will check the modified date of each OVAL content file if an OVAL
updated OVAL content file is enabled, and the "Perform OVAL Analysis" is enabled.
content if local
file is older than If the date modified of the file is greater than the user specified threshold, then the
[] days. SCC will attempt to download an updated version from a user specified Intranet or
Internet site.

4.7.3 Intranet Settings

SCC will then lookup the file names for the OVAL content and attempt to
download the local files.

http://yourintranet.gov/windows.xml
http://yourintranet.gov/any-oval-content.xml

Secondary This is an optional backup URL incase the first local website is not available. This
Intranet Site only is performed if the primary Intranet download is not successful.
URL (http only)

4.7.4 Internet Settings

Option Description
Download from This can be any http (not https) based Internet URL, which contains the same file
Internet Site names as the OVAL content installed on the "OVAL Content" form.
URL
The default URL is the MITRE repository from which the "windows.xml" is
downloaded at SCC build time.

4.7.5 Default Settings

By default the SCC will not attempt to download OVAL content. It will use the copy which is provided
with the SCC installer.

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Using the Software

As OVAL vulnerability content at the MITRE repository changes daily it is recommended to either
manually replace the OVAL content on a periodic basis, or configure SCC by the use of a local Intranet
patch content website.

4.8 Editing Preferences

4.8.1 Reporting

Option Description
Maximum Number of This option specifies the number of "Recent Reports" to list in the GUI under
Recent Reports Results -> Recent Reports. The available options are from 10 to 30.

4.8.2 Logging and Debug

Option Description
Save Screen Log This option saves the analysis log printed to the "Status" screen to a text file
for viewing after the review.
Save Debug Log This option saves a large amount of additional information related to what
occurred during a review. This option is disabled by default and should only
be used when attempting to resolve errors in the application, as it will slow
down the application and use additional disk space.
Save Session Log Create a short text based file which summarizes what systems were
scanned and which SCAP streams were used.

4.8.3 File Scanning

Option Description
Scan Network Drives If the OVAL content specifies to perform recursive file scans, this option
during file scans determines if SCC should review locally mapped network drives as part of
the review. This is not enabled by default, and could significantly slow
down the scanning process.

4.8.4 Free Disk Space Threshold

Option Description
Minimum Free Disk If debugging is enabled, and OVAL content specifies to perform recursive
Space (MB) file system and/or registry checks, the amount of disk space used by SCC
can grow dramatically.

To prevent any system issues with running out of free disk space, SCC
checks periodically checks the user specified free disk threshold to
determine if processing can continue. If the threshold is met, the SCC will
write an error and stop the scan.

4.8.5 Content Processing

Option Description
Validate SCAP This option validates that the XML content is syntax error free before
Streams and performing the review and validates XML results are syntax error free.
Generated XML Files

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4.8.6 XML Results

Option Description
Save Generated This option allows the user to disable saving the XCCDF XML files after the
XCCDF XML Files review. It should always be enabled unless drive space is limited. If this
option is not enabled, multiple computer summary reports cannot be
created.
Save Generated This option allows the user to disable saving the OVAL XML files, which
OVAL XML Files contain the detailed results from each review, and can be very helpful in
debugging problems. This option is disabled by default to save disk space.
Only Perform CPE This option uses the CPE OVAL platform identification information to
Applicable Content automatically associate enabled content to the target system. This option is
enabled by default, and should remain enabled unless the user desires to
run content against a platform without content, or if SCC incorrectly
excludes certain SCAP streams.

4.8.7 Warnings

Option Description
Patch Warning This option allows the user to determine when SCC should print a warning
Threshold (Days) regarding the age of the patch content.

Since patch content is normally updated on a regular basis, this option will
inform the end user if updated patch content should be obtained.

4.8.8 Results Directory

Option Description
Results Directory This option allows the end user to specify a custom directory to save the
results to. By default this is the <install>\results directory.

4.9 Editing Deviations

Deviations will change the status of deviated checks from Fail, Error or Unknown to Pass and will update
the computer's compliance score. Only enter deviations that have been approved for your organization.

Deviations are only applied at review time, so deviations entered will not have any impact on past review
results. To edit user specified deviations click:

Edit -> Deviations.

4.9.1 Enabling Deviations

To enable the use of Deviations, click the check box next to "Enable Deviations." This does not mean
that deviations are currently defined, just that the functionality has been enabled or disabled.

4.9.2 Select a SCAP Stream

Select the desired SCAP Stream from the drop down on the upper left of the form. The list will be in the
format of <scap stream>-<version>. Examples:

fdcc-xpfirewall-v1.2.0.0

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Using the Software

fdcc-winxp-v1.2.0.0

4.9.3 Select a Stream Profile

If more than one than one Profile is available in the selected SCAP Stream, select the Profile from the
drop down on the upper right corner of the form. The first available profile will automatically be
populated into the drop down.

4.9.4 Select a Check

To edit a deviation, click on the desired row containing the CCE reference or check tile in the white list
box in the center of the form. This will populate the fields on the bottom half of the form.

4.9.5 Activating Deviations

Activating deviations requires obtaining a specific unlock code from a separate application called the
SCC Unlocker, which provides the unlock codes for all SCAP content. This application is separate from
the SCC and must be obtained directly from SPAWAR. This application is designed to be available
only to person(s) in your organization that can officially approve deviations.

In order for deviations to be used to change the pass/fail status of checks, the "Authority" field must
contain the person who authorized the deviation and the "Unlock Code" field must contain the correct
code from SCC Unlocker application. Additionally, the "Remark" field should be used to explain why
the deviation is necessary. Justification for any deviations is included in the application reports.

After the "Authority" field is populated with any text and the correct code is entered into the "Unlock
Code" field, the check box next to "Deviation is Active" will be selected, and the text in the Deviation
box will change from grey to blue.

Note: Unlock Codes are unique per check performed. In other words, an Unlock Code for Check1 will
not work for Check2.

Note: Unlock Code are unique per each version of SCAP content. In other words, an Unlock Code for
Check1 of content version 1.2.0.0 will not be valid for Check1 of content version 1.3.0.0, as the
requirements for this check may have changed with revised version.

4.10 Customizing Compliance Thresholds

The compliance thresholds can be customized based on the organization's requirements. To edit the
compliance thresholds, click:

Edit -> Thresholds.

Both the percentage levels and the titles given to each level can be customized. The default settings
are listed below.

Threshold Operation Score

BLUE Equal to 100

GREEN Greater than or 90

equal to

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SCC User Manual

YELLOW Greater than or 80

equal to

RED Greater than or 0

equal to

To maintain a consistent threshold across the organization, an unlock code is required to modify the
compliance thresholds. To obtain the unlock code, contact the SCC Point of Contact for your
organization, or contact SPAWAR directly via email: [email protected].

The order in which the thresholds are listed may impact the end result, so it is important to place them
in the order you want it processed. To change the order, highlight the threshold on the left and click
"Up" or "Down."

Higher thresholds take precedence over lower.

4.11 Performing Analysis

Once the computers, reports and types of SCAP content are selected, select the types of content
desired, then click "Analyze Selected Computer(s)" to log the progress to the Status frame.

Option Description
Perform SCAP This option enables SCAP analysis for all of the SCAP Stream selected.
Analysis The number of SCAP Stream enabled is listed below:

SCAP Streams Enabled: X

Perform OVAL This option enables OVAL analysis for all of the OVAL content selected.
Analysis The number of OVAL content files enabled is listed below:

OVAL Content Enabled: Y

4.12 Canceling an Analysis

To cancel a review, click the "Cancel Analysis" button.

4.13 Viewing Single Computer HTML and Text Reports

4.13.1 Opening the Results Directory

To open the results folder with Windows Explorer from within the application, click:

Results -> Open Results Directory

Windows Explorer opens to the directory containing the HTML and Text-Based reports. Refer to
"Viewing Results" for additional information.

Note: If running via RunAs, the Windows Explorer will not appear. You will need to open the directory
manually.

4.13.2 Viewing Recent Reports

To easily view the latest reports created by the application, click:

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Using the Software

Results -> Recent Reports

This will provide a list recently created reports. Click on the name to view and a web browser or text
editor will open the file for viewing. To change the number of recent reports to list, refer to the "Editing
Preferences" section.

4.14 Generating Multi-Computer Summary Reports

SCC generates multi-computer summary reports from the XCCDF XML results created by the SCC or
other SCAP Validated applications.
To generate summary reports from existing XCCDF XML files, click:

Results -> Generate Summary Reports.

4.14.1 Select Directories

Option Description
Source Directory Location for the application to scan for XCCDF XML results from previous
reviews. This option is recursive (all subfolders will be scanned for files to
use).

Destination Directory Location where summary reports are saved.

Open Destination This opens Windows Explorer to the directory containing the new summary
Directory when reports, when the processing is complete.
processing is complete

Note: To create reports based on a subset of computers in the organization, organize the consolidated
data in a directory structure similar to the example listed below:

/Entire Organization
/ Sub Organization 1
/ Sub-Sub Organization
/ Sub Organization 2
/ etc..

If the SCC is pointed at the entire organization, or any subset, the summary reports will only contain the
desired subset of computers.

4.14.2 Select Reports to Generate

Option Description
Site Summary This report provides a consolidated list of checks, with a single CCE
reference and the Pass, Fail, Error, Unknown, Not Applicable, Not
Checked, and Not Selected occurrences for each check.
Site Summary Non- This report provides a consolidated list of checks, with a single CCE
Compliance reference and the Fail, Error and Unknown occurrences for each check that
had a fail or an error status.
Computer List This report lists the latest results for all computers reviewed and the
Review Time, Pass, Fail, Error, Unknown, Not Applicable, Not Checked,
Not Selected, Total along with the Original and Adjusted Scores.

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SCC User Manual

Computer List This report lists all results for all computers reviewed, and the Review
Historical Time, Pass, Fail, Error, Unknown, Not Applicable, Not Checked, Not
Selected, Total along with the Original and Adjusted Scores.

4.14.3 Select File Format(s) of Generated Reports

Format Description
HTML HTML formatted reports for viewing with a web browser

Excel Excel Spreadsheet versions with separate tabs per SCAP stream

4.14.4 Creating the Summary Reports

To create the summary reports, click Generate. The status window will display the progress.

Note: Summary reports can also be created with a command line parameter, based on the settings
configured in the GUI. Please refer to the Using the Software via Command Line for additional
information.

4.14.5 Saving Settings for Future Use

To save the current configuration without generating reports, click the Save button. This will save the
current configuration, which could be useful for creating a custom options XML file for generating
reports via the command line.

4.15 Generating Detailed Reports (from XCCDF and OVAL results)

SCC can regenerates single computer detailed reports from the XCCDF XML and OVAL XML results
created by the SCC or other SCAP Validated applications.
To generate summary reports from existing XCCDD/OVAL XML files, click:

Results -> Generate Detailed Reports.

4.15.1 Select Directories

Option Description
Source Directory Location for the application to scan for XCCDF XML results from previous
reviews. This option is recursive (all subfolders will be scanned for files to
use).

Destination Directory Location where summary reports are saved.

Open Destination This opens Windows Explorer to the directory containing the new summary
Directory when reports, when the processing is complete.
processing is complete

Note: To create reports based on a subset of computers in the organization, organize the consolidated
data in a directory structure similar to the example listed below:

/Entire Organization
/ Sub Organization 1
/ Sub-Sub Organization
/ Sub Organization 2

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Using the Software

/ etc..

If the SCC is pointed at the entire organization, or any subset, the summary reports will only contain the
desired subset of computers.

4.15.2 Select Reports to Generate

Report Description
All Settings This report contains detailed pass and fail results from each check performed. It
is a large report and is not intended for printing.

Non-Compliance This report contains a summary of the failed checks.

Summary

4.15.3 Select File Format(s) for Reports

Format Description
HTML HTML formatted reports for viewing with a web browser

Text Plain Text reports for viewing with a text editor such as Notepad or Wordpad.

4.15.4 Generate ARF XML Output

SCC can generate and validate Assessment Results Format (ARF) XML results based on ARF version
0.41.1 located at:

http://metadata.dod.mil/mdr/ns/netops/shared_data/arf_index_page/0.41

http://measurablesecurity.mitre.org/incubator/arf

4.13.5 Creating the Detailed Reports

To create the detailed reports, click Generate. The status window will display the progress.

Note: Detailed reports can also be created with a command line parameter, based on the settings
configured in the GUI. Please refer to the Using the Software via Command Line for additional
information.

4.15.6 Saving Settings for Future Use

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SCC User Manual

4.16 Generate Cyberscope Report

SCC can generate the Cyberscope report based on the DRAFT 1.0.0 Early Access Release
specifications.

http://scap.nist.gov/use-case/cyberscope/index.html

SCC creates this report using XCCDF XML results created by the SCC or other SCAP Validated
applications. To generate summary reports from existing XCCDF XML files, click:

Results -> Generate Cyberscope Report

4.16.1 Select Directories

Option Description
Source Directory Location for the application to scan for XCCDF XML results from previous
reviews. This option is recursive (all subfolders will be scanned for files to
use).

Destination Directory Location where summary reports are saved.

Open Destination This opens Windows Explorer to the directory containing the new summary
Directory when reports, when the processing is complete.
processing is complete

Note: To create reports based on a subset of computers in the organization, organize the consolidated
data in a directory structure similar to the example listed below:

/Entire Organization
/ Sub Organization 1
/ Sub-Sub Organization
/ Sub Organization 2
/ etc..

If the SCC is pointed at the entire organization, or any subset, the summary reports will only contain the
desired subset of computers.

4.16.2 Specify Organizational Information

The following organizational data elements are required for Cyberscope, but cannot be obtained from
the XCCDF XML results and will need to be manually entered prior to generating the Cyberscope
report.

• Organization Name
• Contact Email
• Contact Telephone
• Web Site

4.16.3 Creating the Cyberscope Report

To create the summary reports, click Generate. The status window will display the progress.

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Using the Software

Note: Cyberscope reports can also be created with a command line parameter, based on the settings
configured in the GUI. Please refer to the Using the Software via Command Line for additional
information.

4.16.5 Saving Settings for Future Use

4.17 Saving Options to an XML File

The user configured options in the GUI can be saved to an XML file by clicking:

File -> Save Options As

The resulting XML file can be used when running via command line. Refer to the Command Line
Parameters section of the Using the Software - via Command Line for additional information.

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5. USING THE SOFTWARE VIA COMMAND LINE
The SCAP Compliance Checker can be run via command line, which allows for scripted or automated
reviews by other applications or scheduled tasks.

To use the command line version of the application:

1. Open a command prompt and change directories to the installation directory.

Example:
Start -> Run -> cmd
c:
cd "\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2"

2. Run the command line version of the software without command-line parameters.

cscc.exe

This mode will automatically review the local computer based on application defaults.

5.1 Command Line Parameters

cscc.exe [-f <file> | -h <host>] [-o <file>] [-s <file>] [-t <file>] [-r
<rule id>] [-dqxv]

no parameters
Review the local computer based on installation default settings.

Example: cscc.exe

-f <file name>
Review all computers specified in the file.
This option can be used in combination with -o, -r, -d, -q, -x

Example: cscc.exe -f hosts.txt

-h <host name>
Review the specified computer.
This option can be used in combination with -o, -r, -d, -q, -x

Example: cscc.exe -h C06246

-o <file name>
Review using the specified options file.
This option can be used in combination with -f or -h and -r, -d, -q, -x

Example: cscc.exe -o options.xml

-r <rule id>
Review a single rule using the Rule ID from the XCCDF file
This option can be used in combination with -f or -h and -o, -d, -q, -x

Example: cscc.exe -r account_lockout_duration

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Using the Software via Command Line

-q
Review in quiet mode. No output will be displayed on the screen.
This option can be used in combination with -f or -h and -o, -d, -r, -x

Example: cscc.exe -q

-d

Create a verbose debug log file in the Logs directory for troubleshooting purposes.
This option can be used in combination with -f or -h and -o, -q, -r, -x

-x
Perform schema validation on all input and output XML files.
This option can be used in combination with -f or -h and -o, -d, -q, -r

Example: cscc.exe -x

-s <options file name>

Generate summary reports using the specified options file.
This option cannot be used with any additional parameters.

Example: cscc.exe -s options.xml

This option corresponds to the Generate Summary Reports feature in the GUI, which can be
accessed via Results-> Generate Summary Reports.

This command line feature uses all of the configurable options on the Generate Summary Reports
form including the Source and Destination Directories along with all available reports.

This command line is available for generating summary reports from very large numbers of
computers, which may take hours to complete. This command could be scheduled to run weekly
or monthly, and have reports available the next day.

-t <options file name>

Generate detailed reports using the specified options file.
This option cannot be used with any additional parameters.

Example: cscc.exe -s options.xml

This option corresponds to the Generate Detailed Reports feature in the GUI, which can be
accessed via Results-> Generate Detailed Reports.

This command line feature uses all of the configurable options on the Generate Detailed Reports
form including the Source and Destination Directories along with all available reports.

This command line is available for generating detailed reports from very large numbers of
computers, which may take hours to complete. This command could be scheduled to run weekly
or monthly, and have reports available the next day.

-c <options file name>

Generate Cyberscope auto-feed report using the specified options file.
This option cannot be used with any additional parameters.

Example: cscc.exe -c options.xml

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SCC User Manual

This option corresponds to the Generate Cyberscope Report feature in the GUI, which can be
accessed via Results-> Generate Cyberscope Report.

This command line feature uses all of the configurable options on the Generate Cyberscope
Report form including the Source and Destination Directories.

-v
Displays version information.
This option cannot be used with any additional parameters.

Example: cscc.exe -v

-?
Displays help.

Example: cscc.exe -?

5.1.1 More Command Line Examples

1. Review the local computer with customized report settings and do not display any data to the
screen.

cscc.exe -o myoptions.xml -q

2. Review several computers from a host with customized report settings.

cscc.exe -f test.txt -o myoptions.xml

3. Review a single remote host 'computer1' in debug mode and validate the XML files

cscc.exe -h computer1 -d -x

5.1.2 Command Line Parameter Notes

• Multiple parameters can be used at once, although certain parameters such as -v, -s and -?
cannot be combined with other arguments.

• All SCAP streams must exist in the following folder:

C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2\Resources\Content\

• A SCAP stream typically consists of 4 to 5 XML files. The stream name is determined by the
prefix that is shared by all of the files. For example, each file in the FDCC XP Firewall stream
starts with 'fdcc-xpfirewall'. This is the stream name.

5.2 Editing the options.xml File

5.2.1 Creating a Custom options.xml File From the GUI

The options.xml file is generated by the SCC from the GUI, and it includes the user selected SCAP
streams and SCAP profiles for each platform.

To customize the options.xml file, simply open the GUI of the SCC (scc.exe) and configure any of the
options to the desired setting.

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Using the Software via Command Line

To save the options to a custom file click File -> Save Options As, then enter the filename such as
'myoptions.xml', then click Save.

5.2.2 Editing the options.xml for Command Line Use

Should you need to run the SCC via command line and use specific SCAP content or only create a
subset of the default reports, you can edit also manually edit the options.xml file and pass it to the
command line interface with the -o parameter.

When editing the options.xml, save this file as a new file such as "myoptions.xml" to prevent the GUI
from overwriting updates the next time it loads.

5.3 Files Required for Command Line Functionality

If the end user is automating the process of running the SCC software on multiple remote computers,
below is the list of files that must be present for the application to run via command line.

• cscc.exe
• options.xml (or any custom named options file)
• "Resources" directory, subdirectories and all files

5.4 Collecting Resulting Files

If the end user is pushing the command line version of the software out to the target computers, and
would like to collect the results in a consolidated directory for generating multi-computer summary
reports, below is documentation explaining which files to copy.

A directory structure will be created in the format:

SCAP
<Computer>
<SCAP Stream>
<SCAP Stream Version>
<Date Time Stamp>
<XML>

OVAL
<Computer>
<OVAL Content Name>
<OVAL Version>
<Date Time Stamp>
<XML>

The Date Time Stamp directory will contain any Text or HTML reports created, based on user
preferences. The XML Directory will contain the resulting OVAL or XCCDF XML files based on user
preferences.

The only file required for generating the multi-computer reports is the XCCDF file, which will be in the
XML directory, in the format:

<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<DateTime>_XCCDF-Results_<Stream>.xml

After all of the XCCDF XML files have been collected and copied to a centralized share, multi-computer
summary reports can be created. Please refer to Generating Multi-Computer Summary Reports section
of the documentation for additional information.

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SCC User Manual

5.5 Generating Multi-Computer Summary Reports from the Command Line

If a large number of files are collected on a share that is accessed via a LAN or WAN, it may be most
time effective to generate the reports via command line on the server that contains the collection of files.
This allows for a scheduled task to be created that can be run on a user specified timeframe.

For example, if 100,000 computers are reviewed, it will likely take many hours to generate the summary
reports. Ideally, this could be ran during an evening a day after all of the results are created.

This functionality requires configuring a custom options.xml file with the GUI, and calling the application
via command line with specific parameters.

5.5.1 Specifying the Target and Destination Directories from the SCC GUI

1. Open the SCC GUI.

2. Click Results -> Generate Summary Reports.
3. Select the "Source Directory" (Local drive on the server).
4. Select the "Destination Directory" (Local drive on the server).
5. De-select "Open Destination Directory when processing is complete".
6. Select the desired reports.
7. Click "Save".
8. Save the options by clicking File -> Save Options as, and save the file in the SCC installation
directory with a file of your choice. (Example CustomOptions.xml).

5.5.2 Generating Summary Reports from the Command Line

To generate summary reports based on the options configured in the CustomOptions.xml file use the
following command:

cscc.exe -s CustomOptions.xml

To perform this without printing any data to the screen, use the following command:

cscc.exe -s CustomOptions.xml -q

5.5.3 Scheduling Command Line Generation of Summary Reports

The process for scheduling cscc.exe via the Windows Task Scheduler is the same as any other
application, except the parameters listed above will need to be included.

1. Click Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Scheduled Tasks.
2. Click "New".
3. Click "Browse".
4. Select the command line version of the file (Example "C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance
Checker 2.0 Beta 2\cscc.exe"
5. Choose the selected timeframe (Daily, Weekly, Monthly, etc..).
6. Enter the credential for the software to run.
7. Click "Open Advanced Properties for this task when I click Finish".
8. Click "Finish".
9. In the Run line add the desired parameters after the double quotes. Example:

"C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2\cscc.exe" -s

options.xml

Test the scheduled task by right clicking and selecting "Run."

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6. VIEWING RESULTS
The SCC creates two different types of reports: single computer HTML and Text reports created at the
time of review, and multi-computer HTML and Excel reports generated after the XCCDF XML files are
collected from multiple computers.

6.1 Viewing Single Computer Reports

After the software completes the review, the reports can be viewed by clicking

Results -> Open Results Directory

Results -> Recent Reports

6.1.1 Navigating the Results Directory

If Results -> Open Results Directory is selected, Windows Explorer opens to the directory containing
the HTML and text reports along with other files created during the review.

The directory structure is as follows:

<SCAP>
<Computer>
<XCCDF Content> (Such as fdcc-winxp)
<XCCDF Content Version> (Such as v1.2.0.0)
<Date_Time>
XML
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_All-Settings_<XCCDF Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_All-Settings-Summmary_<XCCDF
Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_Non-Compliance_<XCCDF
Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_Non-Compliance-Summary_<XCCDF
Content>.htm

<OVAL>
<Computer>
<OVAL Content> (Such as windows)
<OVAL Version> (Such as 5.7)
<Date_Time>
XML
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_All-Settings_<OVAL Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_All-Settings-Summmary_<OVAL
Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_Non-Compliance_<OVAL Content>.htm
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_Non-Compliance-Summary_<OVAL
Content>.htm

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SCC User Manual

6.1.2 XML Folder

The XML folder contains XML output generated by SCC. This output can be XCCDF results, OVAL
results and OVAL variables files. Refer to the Misc Preferences for enabling or disabling saving the
XCCDF and OVAL XML files after each review. By default only the XCCDF XML files are saved.

These files are not designed to be human readable, but are intended to be read into another SCAP,
XCCDF or OVAL compatible software product to provide consolidated results.

XML File Description

ARF The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_ARF_<XCCDF Content Name>.xml file
contains the ARF (Assessment Results Format) results in a machine readable
format.

This information can be used to obtain high level summary information about
the review including the asset information from each system and the pass/fail
status of each check performed.
XCCDF Results The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_XCCDF-Results_<XCCDF Content
Name>.xml file contains the XCCDF results in a machine readable format.

This information can be used to obtain summary information about the review
including the pass/fail status of each check performed and the compliance
scores.

OVAL CPE The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_CPE-Results_<XCCDF Content

Results Name>.xml file contains the CPE results in a machine readable format.

This information can be used to obtain platform information about the target
system including the Operating System, Network Interfaces, Processor Type
OVAL Patch The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_OVAL-Patch-Results_<XCCDF Content
Results Name>.xml file contains the detailed OVAL patch results in a machine
readable format.

This information can be used to obtain the detailed pass/fail results from each
OVAL patch check performed during a review.
OVAL Results The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_OVAL-Results_<XCCDF Content
Name>.xml file contains the detailed OVAL results in a machine readable
format.

This information can be used to obtain the detailed pass/fail results from each
OVAL check performed during a review.
OVAL Variables The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_OVAL-Variables_<XCCDF Content
Name>.xml file contains a list of OVAL variables in a machine readable format.

6.2 Viewing Single Computer HMTL and Text Reports

Depending on the user selected options for reports to create, the following reports may be available in
both HTML and/or text based formats:

Report Description
All Settings The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_All-Settings_<XCCDF Content Name>.htm
Report report contains the XCCDF results in a human readable format. The report is
divided into five sections: Score, System Information, Stream Information,
Results and Detailed Results.

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Viewing the Results

The Scores section contains the calculated scores for the target system.

The System Information section contains information about the target system,
such as the host name, IP addresses, Operating System, Processor, Memory,
Manufacturer, Model, Serial Number, BIOS Version, and Ethernet Interfaces.

The Stream Information section contains information about the XCCDF

benchmark, such as the XCCDF filename used, the profile used, the testing
start and end times, and the identity of the user who ran the benchmark.

The Results section contains the individual Rule results, comprised of the
CCE Reference and the check title. To view the Detailed Results for an
individual items, just click on the text.

The Detailed Results section contains in-depth information on each Rule

performed in the benchmark.
All Settings Contains the same information as the All Settings report, except excludes the
Summary Report Detailed results, which allows for easier printing.
Non-Compliance The <Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_Non-Compliance_<XCCDF Content
Report Name>.htm report contains same results in the same format as the All Settings,
but only includes the Failed, Error, and Unknown checks.
Non-Compliance Contains the same information as the Non-Compliance report, except excludes
Summary Report the Detailed results, which allows for easier printing.

6.3 Viewing Recent Reports From the GUI

The feature of Results -> Recent Reports allows the user to quickly view recently created reports
without having to browse through the directory structure.

This feature will list the file names of the recently created reports, which will be opened with a text
editor, web browser or Excel.

To increased the number of recent reports listed, refer to the Editing Preferences section of this
manual.

6.4 Viewing Multi-Computer HTML and Excel Reports

After Multi-Computer Summary Reports are created (refer to Using the Software -> Generating
Summary Reports) a Windows Explorer window may open (based on user preferences), and the reports
specified to be created will be available in HTML and/or Excel spreadsheets. To view, double click on
any of the files.

6.5 Understanding the Result Status Information

All of the reports contain statistical information regarding the number of checks performed, and their end
result. This information is based on SCAP requirements for how to report check results. Below is a brief
description of each possible outcome:

Result Explanation
Pass The SCC was able to correctly interpret the check in the XML content, perform the
check on the target system, and all SCAP XML requirements were met.

Example: Password Length Requirement 12 Characters, Target Computer: 12

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SCC User Manual

Characters
Fail The SCC was able to correctly interpret the check in the XML content, perform the
check on the target system, and one or more of SCAP XML requirements were not
met.

Example: Password Length Requirement 12 Characters, Target Computer: 8

Characters
Error The SCC was able to correctly interpret the check in the XML content, however an
error occurred while performing the check. This is primarily due to a configuration
of the target system, or insufficient permissions of the user running the software.
Unknown The SCC was not able to interpret the check in the XML content. This could be due
to a flaw in the XML content, or an incompatibility between the SCC and the XML
content such as OVAL version.
Not Applicable The SCC was able to interpret the check in the XML content, but it was not
applicable to the target system.
For example, Internet Explorer 7 checks performed against a system that only has
Internet Explorer 6.
Not Checked The SCC was able to interpret the check in the XML content, however the XML
content instructed the SCC not to perform this check.
Not Selected The SCC was able to interpret the check in the XML content, however the XML
content instructed the SCC not to perform this check.
Total Numeric additional of Pass, Fail, Error, Unknown, Not Applicable, Not Checked,
and Not Selected.

6.6 Understanding Color Coding in the HTML Reports

The HTML reports have color coding to assist in understanding what failed, and why it failed.

6.6.1 Color Coding in the 'Results' Section

Color Description
Blue The overall rule passed all of the required tests. Example: "Account Lockout
Duration - (CCE-2928-0) - Pass
Red The overall rule failed one or more of the required tests. Example: "Account
Lockout Duration - (CCE-2928-0) - Fail

6.6.2 Color Coding in the 'Detailed Results' Section for Class = Compliance

Per OVAL specifications, for Compliance checks, a test result of True = Compliant, and False = Not
Compliant.

Color Description
Blue The individual test result was True, or the result was False but did not cause the
overall test to fail.
Red The individual test was False and contributed to the overall rule being marked as
Fail.

6.6.3 Color Coding in the 'Detailed Results' Section for Class = Patch

Color Description
Blue SCC was able to verify that the patch was installed as required in the underlying
tests. Result = Pass

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Viewing the Results

Red SCC was not able to confirm that the patch was installed as required, as one or
more of the underlying tests failed. Result = Fail

6.6.4 Color Coding in the 'Detailed Results' Section for Class = Vulnerability

Per OVAL specifications, for Compliance checks, a test result of True = Vulnerable and False = Not
Vulnerable.

Color Description
Blue The individual test result was False (meaning not vulnerable), or the result was
Pass (vulnerable) but did not cause the overall test to fail.
Red The individual test was True (Vulnerable) and contributed to the overall rule being
marked as Fail.

6.7 Viewing Screen, Error or Debug Logs

Several other text based logs can be viewed by clicking:

Results -> Open Log Directory

Depending on the user selected preferences are selected, the following log files may be present:

Report Description
Screen Log The SCC_2.0_Beta2_<DateTime>_Screen-Log.log report contains an
information printed to the screen during the review.

This file is not saved by default, but can be enabled in the Preferences.
Error Log The SCC_2.0_Beta2_<DateTime>_Error-Log.log report contains any errors that
may have occurred during a review. Normally this file will not exist.

If this file exists, and the error log does not provide enough information to resolve
the issue, please contact SPAWAR and provide the error log for our analysis.
Debug Log The SCC_2.0_Beta2_<DateTime>_Debug-Log.log report contains the following:
• Any information printed to the screen
• Any errors
• Debug data containing information on virtually every procedure
performed by SCC.

This file is not saved by default, but can be enabled in the Preferences, and can
be very useful for troubleshooting issues.

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7. INSTALLING SCAP CONTENT
The SCC is bundled with the latest NIST approved SCAP content at the time of release. However, if
NIST publishes updated SCAP content which contains minor updates, it is possible to download, install
and use the updated content with the SCC.

7.1 URL for NIST FDCC/USGCB SCAP Content

The automatic updates listed above are only available for the patch content. If new SCAP streams or
versions are made available, they will need to be manually downloaded and installed by the end user.

http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/download_fdcc.cfm

http://usgcb.nist.gov/usgcb_content.html

7.2 SCAP Content File List

The SCAP content usually bundled in a zip file which contains several files in the format listed below:

• <scap-stream>-xccdf.xml
• <scap-stream>-oval.xml
• <scap-stream>-cpe-oval.xml
• <scap-stream>-cpe-dictionary.xml
• <scap-stream>-patches.xml (optional)

Where <scap-stream> is a consistently name item such as "fdcc-winxp", "fdcc-winvista", etc..

7.3 Installing New SCAP Content via the SCC GUI

The SCC GUI contains a function to automatically extract the contents of a zipped SCAP stream into the
<SCC Install>\Resources\Content directory.

To use:

1. Click Edit -> Options

2. Click "Install Content"
3. Browse to the zip file containing the SCAP stream

7.4 Installing SCAP Content Manually

The XML files listed above can be copied into the 'C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0
Beta 2\Resources\Content' directory, and used by the software. The SCC will search in this directory
and any subdirectories for applicable content.

7.5 Using New SCAP Content

After the new SCAP content has been extracted to the 'C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0
Beta 2\Resources\Content' directory, it will now be available as an option via the GUI via Edit -> Options
-> SCAP Content. To use, enable the check box and select the desired profile, then click OK.

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Updating the SCAP Content

7.6 Updating SCAP Patch Content Automatically

Refer to the section titled "Configuring Patch Content Update Options" under "Using the Software" for
configuration options available for having SCC download updated patch content files. This is a new
feature for SCC version 2.0.

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8. INSTALLING OVAL CONTENT
The SCC is bundled with the latest Windows vulnerability content from MITRE at the time of release,
however as vulnerability content changes frequently you may want to install new content, or update the
existing content on a periodic basis.

8.1 URL for the OVAL Repository

http://oval.mitre.org/repository/

To download all vulnerability content for a specified platform, such as Windows, which is what the
windows.xml content included in SCC is based on:

http://oval.mitre.org/rep-data/org.mitre.oval/v/index.html

8.2 Saving OVAL Content Files

The OVAL vulnerability content can be downloaded as an XML and the file name can be anything you
choose, however it is recommended to name the file based on what the content is, as the file name will
be used in the reports, and directory structure.

For example, if you selected content for Adobe Acrobat, you may want to call the file
Adobe_Acrobat_<DateTime>.xml

8.3 Installing New OVAL Content via the SCC GUI

1. Click Edit -> Options
2. Click the OVAL Content tab
3. Click "Install Content"
4. Browse to any OVAL XML file

8.4 Using New SCAP Content

After the new SCAP content has been extracted to the 'C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0
Beta 2\Resources\OVAL_Content' directory, it will now be available as an option via the GUI via Edit ->
Options -> OVAL Content. To use, enable the check box and select the desired profile, then click OK.

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9. LIST OF FILES AND REGISTRY KEYS
9.1 Files Installed by the SCC

File Description
SCC.exe Graphical User Interface to the SCC
CSCC.exe Command Line Interface to the SCC
hosts.txt Sample host file
options.xml Configurable settings from the SCC.exe
uninstall.exe Uninstaller for this application
uninstall.ini Configuration file for the uninstaller, created
during the install
Documentation\ReleaseNotes.txt Summary of changes for this version of the
software.
Documentation\SCC_Help.chm Compiled, searchable help file
Documentation\SCC_UserManual.pdf PDF version of the User Manual
Logs\* Contains any error or screen logs created by
SCC
Resources\Content\* Contains any SCAP content included with the
installer or installed by the end user with the
Install SCAP Content feature.
Resources\DefaultFiles Contains default files used by the SCC
Resources\Deviations\*.xml Contains any user created deviations
Resources\Graphics\* Images and icons used with SCC.exe
Resources\OVAL_Content Contains any OVAL vulnerability content
included with the installer or installed by the end
user with the Install OVAL Content feature.
Resources\Schema\* Files used to validate the SCAP XML content
Resources\Thresholds\*.xml Contains the default and any user customized
compliance thresholds
Resources\Transforms\* Files used to create the HTML and text reports
from the OVAL and XCCDF XML results
Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Start menu icons created during the installation
Menu\Programs\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 process
Beta 2

9.2 Registry Keys Created During SCC Installation

Registry Key Description

HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\SCAP Standard uninstall
Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 information which
allows the Add/Remove
Programs to remove the
SCAP Compliance
Checker software.

9.3 Files Created During Software Execution

File Description
<SCC Install>\results XML, HTML and Text based results created

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SCC User Manual

during a review
<SCC Install>\logs Screen, Error and Debug logs that could be
created during a review depending on user
preferences.
<SCC Install>\temp Temporary files created during SCC execution
%Temp%\pdk-<username> or Temporary files used by the SCC.exe and
%SystemRoot%\Temp\pdk-system CSCC.exe during software execution.

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10. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)
10.1 WHAT IS SCAP/FDCC/USGCB AND WHY DO I NEED TO REPORT COMPLIANCE WITH IT?

The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) is a method for using specified standards to enable
automated vulnerability management, measurement, and policy compliance evaluation.

The Federal Desktop Core Configuration (FDCC) is a set of configuration settings for Windows XP and
Vista which has been mandated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for all government
agencies. Additionally, all government agencies must use SCAP validated tools with FDCC Scanner
capabilities to certify compliance with the FDCC standards.

Refer to the SCAP Implementation section for additional information.

10.2 WHERE CAN I FIND OUT MORE INFORMATION REGARDING FDCC AND SCAP?

NIST has a detailed page regarding FDCC Technical FAQ's that can be very helpful.

http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/fdcc_faq.cfm

10.3 IS THE SCC OFFICIALLY SCAP VALIDATED?

Yes. The SCAP Compliance Checker version 1.0 was officially SCAP Validated on February 25, 2009

http://nvd.nist.gov/validation_spawar.cfm

10.4 HOW DOES THE SOFTWARE USE THE SCAP XML FILES FROM NIST?

The SCAP Compliance Checker uses the SCAP XML files to perform the checks. The XML files are
read into the software, and the checks are performed exactly as specified by the content. The pass/fail
status, method for checking, and all text reported in the reports is pulled directly from the XML content.

Refer to the SCAP Implementation section for additional information.

10.5 WHY ARE THE DETAILED RESULTS IN THE REPORTS LONG AND COMPLICATED?

The results are based on the SCAP content, which is very specific in the method for testing the results,
which makes creating detailed, but easily understandable reports a challenge. If you have suggestions
on report format improvements, please provide us with recommendations.

10.6 WHY DO SOME CHECKS HAVE MULTIPLE PASS/FAIL CHECKS?

Many of the requirements in the SCAP content contain several requirements such as the OS = 5.1 (XP),
some registry keys must exist, and the registry value must be equal to a specified value. Additionally,
some of the requirements allow for multiple settings, such as a registry key value must be greater than
900 or equal to -1.

10.7 I THINK A CHECK IS REPORTING INCORRECTLY. IS THIS DUE TO THE SCC OR THE SCAP
CONTENT?

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SCC User Manual

This will need to be determined on a case-by-case basis, as false positive and false negatives could be
due to faulty SCAP content or from a bug in the SCC software.

Please report your issue along with the detailed HTML files for analysis.

10.8 IF THERE IS AN ISSUE WITH THE SCAP CONTENT, WHAT CAN BE DONE TO RESOLVE IT?

Since the SCAP Compliance Checker is required to use SCAP content for all of the compliance checks,
there is nothing that can be done with the SCC to resolve this issue. It may be possible to manually edit
the SCAP content to resolve the problem, but the long term solution will be to obtain revised content
from the original content author.

10.9 HOW CAN I REPORT AN ISSUE WITH SCAP CONTENT TO NIST?

Since any issue with a check could be due to an issue with the SCAP content or the SCAP Compliance
Checker, we ask that you report issues directly to us. We can confirm if there are SCAP issues and
report them to NIST.

However, should you want to report an issue directly to NIST, issues can be reported by sending an
email to: [email protected]

10.10 WHAT IS THE "WEIGHT" LISTED IN THE REPORTS?

The weights are included in the NIST SCAP content and are based on CVSS.

http://www.first.org/cvss/cvss-guide.html

10.11 WHY ARE ALL OF THE WEIGHTS = 10.0 FOR ALL OF THE CHECKS?

Per NIST 800-126:

If the <xccdf:Rule> represents a configuration issue, then the @weight attribute value SHALL be
defined as "10.0" as a placeholder for Common Configuration Scoring System (CCSS) scores to
indicate the highest possible weight. Once the CCSS is adopted into a future version of SCAP and
CCSS scores are available, these values will be replaced with appropriate CCSS scores.

10.12 DOES THIS SOFTWARE "FIX" ANY OF THE SETTINGS TO BE COMPLIANT WITH FDCC?

No. This software only analyzes the system, it does not modify any setting.

10.13 HOW CAN I USE THE RUNAS (SECONDARY LOGON) WITH THIS APPLICATION?

Background: Why would a user need to do this?

If a user is logged on a non-administrative account or to one domain and wishes to review computers in
a different domain, the use of the RunAs command can allow the user to complete this task without
having to logon to the computer as domain administrator of the target domain.

Option 1: Run via Start Menu Shortcut as privileged user

1. Click Start -> Programs -> SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 -> then Right click on SCAP
Compliance Checker.
2. Click on “RunAs”.

36
FAQs

3. Type the "Domain\Username" and "Password", and then Click "OK".

Option 2: Run Command Prompt as a privileged user

1. Open the command prompt as another user and then run the application from the installation
directory from the command prompt.

RunAs /env /user:domain_name\username "cmd"

A new command window will appear with a header of cmd (running as domain_name\username)

2. Change the directory to the installation directory.

c: (or drive application is installed to)

cd\
cd "Program files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2" (Install Folder)

3. Run the application

SCC.exe
or
CSCC.exe

OS Requirements:
• For Windows XP/2003 the Secondary Logon Service must be running.
• For Windows 2000 the RunAs Service must be running.

Known Issue:
• The feature in the SCC software which opens the results directory (Results -> Open Results
Directory) will not function as expected when running via RunAs. The Windows Explorer cannot
be called while running from RunAs, this is a limitation of Microsoft Windows.

10.14 DOES THE SCC RUN ON WINDOWS 2000, WINDOWS 2003, WINDOWS 2008 AND
WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2?

Yes. However since there currently is not any published content available for these platforms that is
known to work with a SCAP Validated application, we do not list these platforms as supported at this
time. When SCAP content becomes available, we will update the officially supported platforms list for
SCC.

10.15 DO DEVIATIONS APPLY TO PREVIOUS OR FUTURE REVIEWS?

Deviations only apply to future reviews, and are applied at review time. If a deviation entered today for a
specific requirement, all future reviews will have this deviation applied.

10.16 WHY DOES THIS SOFTWARE EXPIRE AFTER A SET NUMBER OF DAYS?

Per requirements from the agency that funded the development of SCC, the non-production release
versions (Dev, Alpha, Beta, Release Candidate) should expire after 30 days, and production released
versions (1.0, 1.1 etc..) should expire after 365 from software release. This is to ensure that all users
enterprise wide are running the same, current production release of the software.

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SCC User Manual

Software releases will occur at least annually or more often depending on bug fixes or planned feature
releases. If by chance a full year passed without any bugs or features, a new release of the software will
be provided to extend the functionality for another year.

10.17 WHY DOES THE SCC NOT PERFORM CHECKS FROM SELECTED SCAP CONTENT
AGAINST ALL TARGET SYSTEMS?

The SCC uses the CPE OVAL definitions located in the SCAP content files to determine if the SCAP
stream is applicable to the target system. This means that for example, content for Internet Explorer 7
will only be performed if Internet Explorer 7 is installed on the target system.

10.18 IS IT POSSIBLE TO WRITE CUSTOM SCAP CONTENT AND USE IT WITH SCC?

Yes, although creating content is not a trivial process.

10.19 WHERE CAN I LEARN MORE ABOUT CREATING SCAP CONTENT?

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html - (SP800-126 and SP 800-117)

http://oval.mitre.org/ - OVAL

http://oval.mitre.org/language/version5.7/index.html#downloads – OVAL 5.7 documentation

http://oval.mitre.org/repository/data/AdvancedSearch.jsp - OVAL Repository Search

http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/xccdf/ - XCCDF documentation

10.20 ARE THERE ANY TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR CREATING SCAP CONTENT?

Yes, although many are still in development, and may not be 100% feature complete.

The Enhanced SCAP Editor (eSCAPe) from G2:

http://www.g2-inc.com/escape

Benchmark Editor from MITRE:

http://benchmarkeditor.mitre.org

10.21 ARE THERE ANY TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR CHECKING CONTENT FOR
VALIDITY/CORRECTNESS?

Yes.

SCAP Content Validation Tool from NIST

http://scap.nist.gove/revision/1.0/index.html#tools

10.22 WHAT TYPE OF NETWORK TRAFFIC CAN I EXPECT TO SEE AS A RESULT OF A REMOTE
SCC SCAN?

38
FAQs

SCC performs a variety of system calls as it attempts to perform compliance checks from the SCAP XML
content. If the target computer is a remote computer, the SCC will generate network traffic to perform the
checks. The volume and variety of network traffic will be dependant on the XML content, however, below
is a list of various types of network traffic you can expect to see as a result of running SCC with the
default FDCC content included in the SCC installer.

- ICMP Echo (ping) requests/replies

- TCP NBSS session requests
- TCP SMB AndX requests/responses
- TCP WINREG OpenKey/CloseKey requests/responses
- TCP IOXIDRes ServerAlive requests/responses

10.23 HOW DOES SCC PROCESS A SCAP CONTENT STREAM?

SCC follows the Use Case Requirements in NIST 800-126 which document the following:

Component Stream Locator Required/Optional

XCCDF xxxx-xccdf.xml Required
Benchmark
OVAL Compliance xxxx-oval.xml Required
OVAL Patch xxxx-patches.xml Optional
CPE Dictionary xxxx-cpe-dictionary.xml Required
CPE Inventory xxxx-cpe-oval.xml Required

Where "xxxx" indicates the SCAP stream name, which must be consistent across all files in the SCAP
Stream.

From 800-126: "The notation "xxxx" designates a locator prefix that SHALL be associated with a
use case specific data source component stream.

The SCC order of operations with a SCAP stream is as follows, and the FDCC 1.2.0.0 Windows XP
Stream is used as an example. SCAP Stream Name = "fdcc-winxp"

1. SCC verifies if the XCCDF Benchmark, OVAL Compliance, CPE Dictionary and the CPE Inventory
exist for the specified SCAP stream.

fdcc-winxp-xccdf.xml
fdcc-winxp-oval.xml
fdcc-winxp-cpe-dictionary.xml
fdcc-winxp-cpe-oval.xml

2. If all required files are present, SCC then loads the CPE Inventory. This information is used to
determine if the SCAP stream is applicable to the target system.

fdcc-winxp-cpe-oval.xml

3. If the SCAP stream is applicable to the target computer, the XCCDF file is loaded using the SCAP
stream prefix identifier "xxxx".

fdcc-winxp-xccdf.xml

4. Based on the Profile that was selected in the options form, the SCC then finds the matching profile,
and then checks to ensure the profile is not an abstract profile. (<Profile> element doesn't have an
"abstract" attribute or the attribute is set to "false".)

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SCC User Manual

federal_desktop_core_configuration_version_1.2.0.0

5. Next the CPE Dictionary is processed. The platform element from the XCCDF is used to determine
what CPE items the target system is part of.

fdcc-winxp-cpe-dictionary.xml

6. The XCCDF content is then traversed and loads the OVAL file and/or the OVAL patches files (from
filename) and definitions are processed. The definitions that get processed come from the XCCDF Rules
processed during the XCCDF Traversal.

fdcc-winxp-oval.xml
fdcc-winxp-patches.xml

7. XML results are created, based on user settings in the options form of the GUI.

<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<Date-Time>_OVAL-CPE-Results_fdcc-winxp.xml
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<Date-Time>_OVAL-Patch-Results_fdcc-winxp.xml
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<Date-Time>_OVAL-Results_fdcc-winxp.xml
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<Date-Time>_OVAL-Variables_fdcc-winxp.xml
<Computer>_SCC_2.0_Beta2_<Date-Time>_XCCDF-Results_fdcc-winxp.xml

Note: By default only the XCCDF file is saved, but all of the OVAL files above are created and can
be saved for future analysis.

8. HTML and/or text based reports are generated based on end user options, and the installation of the
MS XML Parser 6.0.

10.24 CAN SCC PROCESS CONTENT THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE REQUIRED XML
FILES?

Yes. If the CPE-OVAL and the CPE-Dictionary files are missing, SCC will attempt to use default files
included with the application. However it is recommended to have a full SCAP stream.

10.25 WHERE WAS THE WINDOWS OVAL CONTENT OBTAINED FROM

The Windows OVAL content was downloaded at SCC compile time from the following URL and can be
updated by the end user.

http://oval.mitre.org/rep-data/org.mitre.oval/v/family/windows.xml

10.26 CAN THE END USER INSTALL OTHER OVAL CONTENT?

Yes. The SCC can process any Windows content designed with OVAL specifications 5.7 or prior.
Additionally, it is possible to download OVAL content directly from the OVAL repository, which can be
installed and used by SCC.

http://oval.mitre.org/repository

Note: The MITRE repository was recently updated to OVAL 5.8, however the vast majority of the content
currently in the database is based on older OVAL standards such as OVAL 5.3, 5.4 etc.. and will function
correctly in SCC. If the OVAL content did contain any OVAL 5.8 tests not supported by SCC, then SCC
would print an error listing such, but continue to process all other content in the XML file.

40
FAQs

10.27 CAN THE SOFTWARE RUN DIRECTLY FROM A CD-ROM?

Yes.

To use from a CD-ROM, just install the software to your hard drive and burn the resulting installation
directory to a blank CD-R.

Ex: C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2

If you need to install or update any SCAP or OVAL content, make sure to do this before you burn to CD-
ROM, as only the content on the CD-ROM will be available.

The results will be saved by default to your temp directory, but can be changed in the preferences form to
any directory on the system.

10.28 CAN THE SOFTWARE RUN DIRECTLY FROM A USB THUMB DRIVE?

Yes.

To use from a thumb drive, just install the software and copy the resulting installation directory to the USB
Drive

Ex: C:\Program Files\SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2

If the USB Drive is set as Read Only, the software will treat it as a CD-ROM, and will save the results to a
local temp directory. If you are able to write to the USB Drive, the software should function as normal
when running from USB, although performance will be slower.

Note: As the DOD does not allow any USB drives, we have not tested this method.

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11. TROUBLESHOOTING
There are several issues that can prevent the SCC from successfully reviewing a computer, especially
remote reviews over a LAN or WAN connection. Below are some basic troubleshooting suggestions.

11.1 Ensure Necessary Services are Enabled and Running

The Server Service, Remote Registry and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) are required for
the SCC to run.

11.2 Ensure a Client Firewall is not Blocking the Registry, Shares or WMI
If a client firewall is blocking LAN/WAN access to the Remote Registry, File Shares or WMI, remote
reviews with SCC will not possible. Enabling these port exceptions will vary for each firewall product.
Please refer to your firewall software documentation regarding opening specific ports.

11.3 Verify Administrative Rights

This issue should only occur for a user wanting to review a computer that is not part of a domain for
which that person is a domain administrator. In order to attain local administrative rights on a single
remote computer, the user may need to map an administrative share or connect to the remote registry of
that system.

11.4 Testing Connections

If SCC is unable to perform a remote review of a system, please perform the following tests before
reporting any issues.

11.4.1 Map an Administrative Share

To map an administrative share to a target computer (Microsoft® Windows XP):

1. Right Click on My Computer.
2. Click on Map Network Drive. The Map Network Drive window will open.
3. In the Folder field, type in the drive you are wishing to access, most likely the C drive.
\\servername\C$
4. Deselect the “Reconnect at logon” option.
5. Click on Finish.
6. If prompted to enter Username and Password, do so using an account with administrative rights on
that system.

11.4.2 Remotely Connect to a Computer’s Registry

To Remotely Connect to Computer’s Registry (Microsoft® Windows XP):

1. Click on Start – Run. The Run window will open.
2. Type in Regedit and click OK. The Registry Editor will open.
3. Select File – Connect Network Registry…
4. Type in the NetBIOS computer name in the window provided. Select OK.
5. If prompted to enter Username and Password, do so using an account with administrative rights on
that system.

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Troubleshooting

11.4.3 Testing the WMI Connection

Several checks in the FDCC SCAP content required WMI queries to validate data. If any checks are
listed as error, it could be due to WMI configuration issues on the target computer. To test the WMI
connection perform the following:

1. Click Start -> Run.

2. Type mmc.exe.
3. Click File - > Add/Remove Snap-In.
4. Click the Add button.
5. Scroll Down to WMI Control and Click on it.
6. Click the Add button.
7. Click the radio button next to "Another Computer".
8. Type the computer you want to test.
9. Click Finish.
10. Click Close.
11. Click OK.
12. Right Click on WMI Control for <Computername>.
13. Click Properties.
14. If the General Tab states "Successfully Connected to: \\<Computername>, then a WMI based
review should be possible.
15. If any errors are listed on this tab, the troubleshooting is outside the scope of this manual.
11.4.3.1 Microsoft WMI Links
Below are some links maintained by Microsoft related to WMI.

• WMI FAQ: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/resources/wmifaq.mspx

• How to enabled DCOM: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687298.aspx

11.4.4 Re-scan with SCC

If all of the above tests were successful, please re-scan the target computer with SCC.

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12. KNOWN ISSUES
12.1 FDCC SCAP Content Issues
Since the SCC uses SCAP XML content to perform all of the compliance checks, issues with check
accuracy are often based on issues with SCAP content. As of FDCC SCAP content version 1.2.0.0, the
following known issues can occur.

12.1.1 SCAP content does not always allow for more restrictive User Rights and File
Permissions to pass

There are many checks that fail if the setting is not set exactly to the SCAP specified setting, even if
that setting is the least secure option.

• Deny User Right fail if a superset of user rights are configured

• Several Deny User Rights fail if the built in Support account is renamed or deleted

12.1.2 Some SCAP content requires checks to fail based on case sensitivity

Several checks may fail based on the case sensitivity of registry keys, or the registry values. Since
Windows does not utilize case sensitivity, these checks should be allowed to pass.

12.2 USGCB SCAP Content Issues

As of USGCB SCAP content version 1.0.0.0, the following known issues can occur.

12.2.1 Incorrect data type in CCE-9531-5 oval:gov.nist.usgcb.windowsseven:def:85

windows-7-x64 and x86 content.

The WMI check refers to state oval:gov.nist.usgcb.windowsseven:ste:244 to check against the WMI
'result' as a datatype 'string' of 'False'.

The WMI check actually returns the result in an integer format, in this case a 0. Since the state is of
datatype 'string' the comparison comes between 'False' and '0' which of course fails even though they
are technically the same. This functionality seems like it would work if the datatype was of type
'boolean' or changed from 'False' to '0'.

12.2.2 Multiple instances of "Comments need to be added" in comments attributes.

12.2.3 SCAP content does not always allow for more restrictive User Rights

This is the same issue found in the FDCC content. If the user right is not set exactly to the USGCB
setting, it will very likely fail the check based on the tests required in the content.

12.2.4 Several registry key checks fail when set to a more secure value

Several of the requirements in the USGCB mandate the least secure option, and the checks fail if the
setting is configured to a more secure value.

44
Known Issues

12.3 DISA STIG Content Issues

The DISA STIG SCAP content is not included with the SCC, however many platforms are available for
download at:

http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/content_pages/windows_os_security.html

However, as of December 16, 2010 the following issues prevent DISA SCAP content from being
installed with SCC.

12.3.1 STIG zip files contains the SCAP content zip within it

There is nothing technically incorrect with this method, however if you attempt to install the STIG zip file
into SCC after downloading from DISA, you will need to extract out the "Benchmark" zip file, which
contains the SCAP content.

12.3.2 DISA SCAP Content does not follow naming conventions specified in NIST 800-
126 due to "Benchmark" in XCCDF filename

After extracting the Benchmark zip file from the STIG zip file, the file conventions do not directly follow
NIST 800-126. The word "Benchmark" need to be removed from the XCCDF file in order for SCC to
determine what the SCAP Stream name is, and find all of the associated files.

The workaround for this is to rename the XCCDF file to not include the word benchmark, or add the
word benchmark to the OVAL, CPE Dictionary, and CPE-OVAL files, so that all files have the exact
same prefix.

To install the revised content you can either add them to a new zip file and install via the SCC GUI, or
manually copy the files to the <Install>\Resources\Content directory.

Refer to FAQ "10.23 HOW DOES SCC PROCESS A SCAP CONTENT STREAM" for more information
on NIST 800-126 file naming requirements.

12.3.3 DISA SCAP Server Content does not follow naming conventions specified in NIST
800-126 due to "MS" and "DC" in XCCDF filename

After extracting the Benchmark zip file from the STIG zip file,the file conventions do not directly follow
NIST 800-126. The indicator of Member Server "MS" and Domain Controller "DC" are only present in
the XCCDF file, which prevents SCC from determining the SCAP Stream name based on the file prefix.

The workaround for this is to rename the XCCDF file to not include the letters "MS" or "DC", or add the
letters "MS" or "DC" to the OVAL, CPE Dictionary, and CPE-OVAL files, so that all files have the exact
same prefix.

To install the revised content you can either add them to a new zip file and install via the SCC GUI, or
manually copy the files to the <Install>\Resources\Content directory.

Refer to FAQ "10.23 HOW DOES SCC PROCESS A SCAP CONTENT STREAM" for more information
on NIST 800-126 file naming requirements.

12.4 Secedit Bug in Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 2

The SCC software uses the output from the Windows Secedit utility to obtain some of the local security
policy settings, including the Password Complexity requirement. Unfortunately sometimes Secedit does

45
SCC User Manual

not function correctly due to a bug in Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 2. If the SCC lists the checks
from the "Password Policy Settings" as "Error", below are some suggestions.

Potential Solutions:

• Install Windows XP Service Pack 3

• Install a patched version of Secedit. Refer to:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/897327 for additional information.

46
13. SCAP IMPLEMENTATION
SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) is a suite of standards used to determine the presence of
vulnerabilities, patches and configuration issues on a target system. SCAP content consists of machine
readable XML files that contain configuration data, checklist data and logic used to scan a system. The
standards include CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), CCE (Common Configuration
Enumeration), CPE (Common Platform Enumeration), XCCDF (eXtensible Configuration Checklist
Description Format), OVAL (Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language) and CVSS (Common
Vulnerability Scoring System).

SCAP Configuration Checker processes SCAP content on a target system and produces HTML and text
reports, XCCDF results and OVAL results. The HTML and text reports provide benchmark scores and
information that a system administrator can use to make the target system more secure. The XCCDF
results and OVAL results can be used by other tools in a variety of ways since they are generated using
the industry standard XCCDF and OVAL results formats.

SCAP Configuration Checker reads in a SCAP stream which includes XML files written in the XCCDF,
OVAL and CPE Dictionary schemas. SCAP Configuration Checker then generates XML results files using
the XCCDF and OVAL results schemas. The HTML reports are generated by transforming the generated
XCCDF and OVAL XML results files into human readable output. This output contains detailed scoring
and results information, as well as CVE, CCE and CPE identifiers.

SCAP Configuration Checker is capable of validating SCAP streams against the industry standard
XCCDF and OVAL schemas. All output generated by SCAP Configuration Checker can also be validated.

SCAP Compliance Checker was designed specifically to process the FDCC SCAP content. This includes
the Windows Firewall content (XP and Vista), the Internet Explorer 7 content, and the XP and Vista
operating system content.

SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 implements SCAP version 1.0.0.0.

13.1 CVE Implementation

The CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) standard links unique identifiers with known security
vulnerabilities and/or exposures. CVE identifiers are typically found in the OVAL patch definition content
of a SCAP data stream. An OVAL patch definition may contain a reference element that associates the
definition with a CVE identifier. Links to various websites containing more information about the
vulnerability and/or exposure may also be provided in the reference element.

When the SCAP Compliance Checker processes a SCAP data stream against a target system, any CVE
identifiers associated with entities in the stream will be found and provided in the results HTML and text
files.

In the SCAP Compliance Checker results HTML files, CVE identifiers can typically be found in the OVAL
results HTML file for the patch content. Detailed information on each definition processed can be found
in the Definitions section of the HTML file. For each definition, there is a "CVE" row that displays any
CVE identifiers that are associated with the definition.

It is important to note that when SCC finds a CVE identifier, it automatically creates a link in the CVE row
to the NVD (National Vulnerability Database) webpage for that particular CVE identifier. This allows the
user to determine the impact that a particular CVE has based on CVSS impact metrics. This also allows
the user to prioritize different vulnerabilities found by comparing vulnerability scores with each other.

47
SCC User Manual

13.2 CCE Implementation

The CCE (Common Configuration Enumeration) standard links unique identifiers with known system
configuration issues.

When the SCAP Compliance Checker processes a SCAP data stream against a target system, any CCE
identifiers associated with Rules and/or definitions in the stream will be found and provided in the results
HTML files.

CCE identifiers are typically found in the OVAL definition content and the XCCDF content of a SCAP
data stream. An OVAL definition may contain a reference element that associates the definition with a
CCE identifier. A link to the CCE website containing more information about the system configuration
issue is also provided in the reference element. An XCCDF Rule may contain a ident element that
associates the Rule with a CCE identifier.

In the SCAP Compliance Checker results HTML files, CCE identifiers can typically be found in the HTML
reports. For OVAL results HTML files, detailed information on each definition processed can be found in
the Definitions section of the HTML file. For each definition, there is an "Identities" row that displays any
CCE identifiers that are associated with the definition. In addition to the CCE identifier.

It is important to note that CCE identifiers in the Detailed Results section of the reports, provides a link to
the CCE website to allow the user to gather additional information regarding the configuration issue.

SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 implements CCE version 5.0, however the Detailed Results
section of the reports displays the CCE version 4.0 as well.

13.3 CPE Implementation

The CPE (Common Platform Enumeration) standard is a structured naming scheme for hardware,
operating systems and applications. It allows different tools to specify names for IT platforms in a
consistent way. The XCCDF file included in a typical SCAP data stream contains one or more platform
elements. The platform element contains a CPE identifier that associates an XCCDF Benchmark, Rule
or Group with a target platform. If the target system is not an instance of the CPE identifier specified in a
platform element, then the XCCDF Benchmark, Rule, or Group associated with that platform element is
not applicable to the target system and will not be processed.

In order to determine if the target system is an instance of a CPE identifier, SCAP Compliance Checker
processes the CPE dictionary and the CPE OVAL content in the SCAP data stream. The CPE dictionary
contains one or more CPE identifiers, each associated with an OVAL definition that resides in the CPE
OVAL content. If SCAP Compliance Checker processes the OVAL definition and the definition returns a
result of "true", then the target system is said to be an instance of the associated CPE identifier. A list of
CPE identifiers that the target system is an instance of is compiled in this fashion from the CPE
dictionary, then used when processing the XCCDF file. If the CPE identifier specified by a platform
element in the XCCDF file is not in the compiled CPE instance list, then the Benchmark, Rule or Group
associated with that CPE identifier is not applicable to the target system and will not be processed.
Rules that are not applicable to the target system will have a result of "not applicable".

SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 implements CPE version 2.2.

13.4 CVSS Implementation

The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) standard is a system used to assign scores to
vulnerabilities. By assigning a score to a vulnerability, one can determine its relative severity when
compared to other vulnerabilities.

48
SCAP Implementation

In the SCAP Compliance Checker the CVE identifiers can typically be found in the security patches
section of the HTML reports. For each security patch check, there is a "References" row that displays
any CVE identifiers that are associated with the definition. Each CVE identifier will have a link to the
NVD database webpage for that CVE. Each link can then be used to obtain the CVSS information from
the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) site, including the NIST-calculated CVSS score, the full CVSS
vector, and the CVSS calculator.

13.5 XCCDF Implementation

XCCDF (Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format) is a language used for writing security
checklists and benchmarks. SCAP Compliance Checker loads XCCDF content from a SCAP stream and
determines if the Rules specified by the XCCDF content are satisfied by a target system.

SCAP Compliance Checker validates XCCDF content, imports it and allows the user to select a profile
from the content. Rules are automatically selected and unselected based on the profile the user selects.

The SCAP stream's CPE dictionary and its associated OVAL definitions are then processed to
determine which XCCDF Rules are applicable to the target system. Rules that are found to be
inapplicable to the target system based on CPE identifiers are automatically unselected.

SCAP Compliance Checker then traverses the XCCDF content, processing all selected XCCDF Rules
against a target system. Scores are calculated using all of the current XCCDF scoring models including
the default, flat, flat unweighted and absolute models. Additionally two custom scoring methods are
calculated, the spawar-original and spawar-adjusted.

A benchmark results XML document is generated using the XCCDF Results schema. This results file is
then transformed into an HTML report, along with more in depth reports generated from the SCAP
stream's OVAL content. The benchmark results XML document can be imported into other tools since it
uses the industry standard XCCDF Results schema.

SCAP Compliance Checker 2.0 Beta 2 implements XCCDF version 1.1.4.

13.6 OVAL Implementation

OVAL (Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language) is a language used to standardize the transfer of
security content among different tools. SCAP Compliance Checker loads OVAL content in conjunction
with an XCCDF checklist and processes the OVAL definition content against a target system.

SCAP Compliance Checker is able to process all four of OVAL's schemas: the Definitions schema, the
System Characteristics schema, the Results schema and the Variables schema.

The Definitions schema is used to define definitions that test a machine's state. This schema is used in
SCAP streams to specify patch, vulnerability and configuration content. SCAP Compliance Checker
imports OVAL Definitions files and processes the OVAL definitions against a target system.

The System Characteristics schema is used to store data collected from a system. SCAP Compliance
Checker uses Object data from OVAL Definitions content and generates System Characteristics data
that is later used for testing purposes. This data is stored in an XML file using the OVAL System
Characteristics schema.

The Results schema takes State data from OVAL Definitions content along with System Characteristics
data and produces Definition and Test results. These results are stored in an XML file that follows the
OVAL Results schema. SCAP Compliance Checker then transforms this XML file and produces human
readable HTML report documents.

49
SCC User Manual

The Variables schema is used to import external variable data into the OVAL engine during processing
of an OVAL definition. SCAP Compliance Checker processes the XCCDF content of a SCAP stream and
extracts any variables that need to be imported into the OVAL engine. It then creates an XML file using
the OVAL Variables schema that contains these variables. The OVAL engine later uses this file during
OVAL processing.

By using the industry standard OVAL schemas, SCAP Compliance Checker can share data with any tool
that understands OVAL.

SCAP Compliance Checker currently implements OVAL version 5.7.

http://oval.mitre.org/language/version5.7

13.7 OVAL tests supported by SCC

• Apache
• httpd

• Independent
• Family
• FileHash
• TextFileContent54
• Variable

• Windows
• AccessToken
• ActiveDirectory
• ActiveDirectory57
• AuditEventPolicy
• AuditEventPolicySubCategories
• DnsCache
• File
• FileAuditedPermissions53
• FileEffectiveRights53
• Group
• Group_SID
• Interface
• LockoutPolicy
• Metabase
• PasswordPolicy
• Port
• PrinterEffectiveRights
• Process
• Registry
• RegKeyAuditedPermissions53
• RegKeyEffectiveRights53
• ServiceEffectiveRights
• SharedResource
• SID
• SID_SID
• UAC
• User

50
SCAP Implementation

• User_SID55
• UserSID
• Volume
• WMI
• WMI57

51
14. TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Technical support is available if a support contract has been setup between your agency and SPAWAR
Atlantic. Please contact your management chain regarding any specific methods for reporting technical
issues, and to determine if there is a support contract in place for your agency.

14.1 Point of Contact

To contact SPAWAR directly, please email: [email protected]

14.2 Software Releases

Users who have contacted SPAWAR at the email address listed above will be notified of software
releases via email. Additionally, the latest official release information can be obtained from the following
SPAWAR website:

www.public.navy.mil/spawar/Atlantic/ProductsServices/Pages/SCAP.aspx

52
15. CREDITS
The development of SCC was funded and developed by a joint effort between the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS), National Security Agency (NSA), SPAWAR, and SPAWAR's contractors, especially
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).

IRS Cybersecurity Policy and Procedures Management

• Janice Harrison
• Denise Crisco

National Security Agency

• Lt Col Joseph L. Wolfkiel
• Michael Kinney
• James K Ronayne
• James Park

SPAWAR Atlantic
• Jack Vander Pol
• Kyle Stone
• Bryan Wilson
• David Eaton

SAIC
• Hepburn Stroman
• John Ulmer
• Richard Middleton
• William F. Arens

Additionally, several open source modules were used in the creation of this product. Special thanks to:

• Jens Helberg (Win32-Lanman)

• Matt Sergeant (XML-XPath)
• David Megginson (XML-Writer)
• Sean M. Burke (Text-Unidecode)
• Alexey Toptygin (Win32-File-VersionInfo)
• Thomas R. Wyant, III (Win32API-File-Time)
• Shlomi Fish (Error)
• Bryon Brummer (enum)
• Robin Berjon (Class-ArrayObjects)
• Toby Ovod-Everett (Win32-Security)
• Aldo Calpini (Win32-GUI)
• John McNamara (Spreadsheet-WriteExcel)
• Jan Krynicky (Win32-FileOp)
• David F.Skoll (IO-stringy)
• Ted Anderson (Digest-Perl-MD4)
• Martin Shumuker (Tk-Icon)
• FamFamFam (www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/silk)
• Tango Destop Project (http://tango.freedesktop.org/Tango_Desktop_Project)
• James Macfarlane (Win32Registry)
• Andrei Ciubotaru (NSIS Processes Plugin - http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Processes_plug-in)

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