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Roy Adaptation Model

The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as a bio-psycho-social being that is constantly interacting with a changing environment. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation through four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Nurses assess behaviors and stimuli to identify adaptive or ineffective responses, then manipulate stimuli through intervention to promote adaptation and optimal health.

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Yanny Kim
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115 views2 pages

Roy Adaptation Model

The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as a bio-psycho-social being that is constantly interacting with a changing environment. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation through four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Nurses assess behaviors and stimuli to identify adaptive or ineffective responses, then manipulate stimuli through intervention to promote adaptation and optimal health.

Uploaded by

Yanny Kim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Roy Adaptation Model

Assumptions

• The person is a bio-psycho-social being. The person is in constant interaction with a changing environment.
• To cope with a changing world, person uses both innate and acquired mechanisms which are biological,
psychological and social in origin.
• To respond positively to environmental changes, the person must adapt.
• The person has 4 modes of adaptation: physiologic needs, self- concept, role function and inter-dependence.

Major Concepts

• Adaptation -- goal of nursing


• Person -- adaptive system
• Environment -- stimuli
• Health -- outcome of adaptation
• Nursing- promoting adaptation and health

Adaptation

• Responding positively to environmental changes.


• The process and outcome of individuals and groups who use conscious awareness, self reflection and choice to
create human and environmental integration

Person

• Bio-psycho-social being in constant interaction with a changing environment


• Uses innate and acquired mechanisms to adapt
• Includes people as individuals or in groups-families, organizations, communities, and society as a whole.

Environment

• Focal - internal or external and immediately confronting the person


• Contextual- all stimuli present in the situation that contribute to effect of focal stimulus
• Residual-a factor whose effects in the current situation are unclear
• All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons
and groups with particular consideration of mutuality of person and earth resources, including focal, contextual
and residual stimuli

Health

• Represented by a health-illness continuum


• A state and a process of being and becoming integrated and whole

Nursing

• To promote adaptation for individuals and groups in the four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of
life, and dying with dignity by assessing behaviors and factors that influence adaptive abilities and by intervening
to enhance environmental interactions
11/16/12 kwb transfer students
Four Adaptive Modes
Physiological, Self-Concept, Role Function, Interdependence

Physiological mode: Behavior in this mode is a manifestation of the physiological activity of all the cells, tissues, organs,
& systems of the body.
• 5 needs serve to promote physiological integrity, (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and
protection).
• 4 processes which help maintain physiological integrity (senses, fluid and electrolytes, neuro, and endocrine
function)

Self-concept mode: deals with the person’s beliefs & feelings about himself/herself. Basic underlying need: psychic
integrity (physical perceptions, ideals, goals, moral/ethical beliefs)
Physical self: how one sees his own physical being
(1) body sensation: ability to express sensations/feel symptoms
(2) body image: how one sees himself as a physical being
Personal self: how one views his qualities, values, worth
(1) self-consistency: one’s self-description of qualities; also includes self-organization behavior
(2) self-ideal/self-expectancy: what one would like to do or be
(3) moral-ethical-spiritual self: values, beliefs, religion self-esteem: the value one places on himself/herself

Role function mode: involves the position one occupies in society; behaviors associated with one’s position (role) in
society. Basic underlying need: social integrity
Primary role: role based on age, sex, developmental state
Secondary role: role(s) a person assumes to complete tasks associated with a primary role or developmental
stage
Tertiary role: a role freely chosen; temporary; associated with accomplishments of tasks or goals

Interdependence mode: associated with one’s relationships and interactions with others and the giving and receiving of
love, respect, and value. Basic underlying need: nurturance and affection
Significant others: intimate relationships (spouse, parent, God)
Support systems: less intimate relationships (coworkers, friends)
Giving behaviors: giving love, nurturance, affection
Receiving behaviors: receiving/taking in love, nurturance, affection

Roy Model and the Nursing Process: Utilizes a bi-level assessment to problem solve
Assessment of behaviors:
• Behavior is an action or reaction under specified circumstances; behavior may be observable, or not.
• Normally, a person adapts to stimuli positively, maintaining a “steady state” but in times of stress when coping
mechanisms are overwhelmed (i.e., illness), the person’s ability to adapt to a new situation is impaired.
• The nurse observes behaviors (signs/symptoms) or responses of the patient and makes a judgment as to whether the
behavior is adaptive or ineffective.
• How does the nurse do this? Assessment phase of nursing process

Assessment of stimuli:
• Stimuli are the underlying causes or factors contributing to the behaviors observed in first level assessment; those
things which provoke a response.
• Nurse identifies stimuli in all 4 adaptive modes; stimuli are manipulated via interventions to achieve patient goals

Summary

• 5 elements - person, goal of nursing, nursing activities, health and environment


• Persons are viewed as living adaptive systems whose behaviors may be classified as adaptive or ineffective.
• These mechanisms work within 4 adaptive modes.
• The goal of nursing is to promote adaptive responses in relation to 4 adaptive modes, using information about
person’s adaptation level, and various stimuli.
• Nursing activities involve manipulation of these stimuli to promote adaptive responses.

11/16/12 kwb transfer students

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