Notre Dame of Tabawan

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A.Y. 2020-2021
Learning Module in English 7
First Quarter

Name: ___________________________________ Set: __________ Section:

________________________

Module No. 2 (Week 3 & 4)

Topic: Phrases and Clauses

Module Overview:
This learning module presents the phrases and its various kinds as well as the clauses and kinds of
clauses. You will identify and understand how they function in a sentence.

Learning Competency:
Use phrases, clauses, and sentences correctly and meaningfully.

Learning Targets:
 I can identify the kinds of phrases and clauses correctly.
 I can turn dependent clauses into complete sentences.
 I can write an effective paragraph by using phrases and clauses.

Instructional Materials:
 Grammar in Review by Timbasal O. Tawasil, pages: 113-116
 English Writing and Language Skills by W. Ross Winterowd and Patricia Y. Murray, pages: 426-
428

Pre-assessment:
Directions: Identify whether each of the following group of words is a clause or a phrase. Write the word
clause or phrase on the blanks provided before each number.
Examples:
phrase
__________________into the river
clause
__________________who came to the party

__________________1. beside the bench

__________________2. to write legibly
__________________3. unless you keep quite
__________________4. the tall young man

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__________________5. it grew fast

Introduction:
A phrase is usually defined as a group of words that functions as a single part of speech and does
not contain both a subject and a verb. We have the verb phrase, prepositional phrase, verbal phrase, and
appositive phrase. There are three kinds of verbal phrase – gerund phrase, participial phrase, and
infinitive phrase.
A clause is usually defined as a group of words containing a subject and a predicate; it functions
as part of a sentence. We have the dependent or the subordinate clause and the independent clause.
Dependent or subordinate clause has three kinds – noun clause, adjective clause, and adverbial clause.

Motivation:
Observe the following group of words.

a) showing his favorite photographs

b) although he had several close friends

What do you call the group of words in letter a? _________________________

How about the group of words in the letter b? ___________________________

Linking Statement:
 You can use phrases of all kinds to combine related ideas in a single sentence, thus avoiding a
series of short, choppy sentences.
 A clause has two of the characteristics of a sentence – a subject and a predicate. The only way in
which a sentence differs from a clause is that a sentence must also express a complete thought; a
clause does not necessarily express a complete thought.

Interaction:

Concept Notes:

Phrases
A phrase is a group of words without an essential subject and verb, functioning as a unit.

A. Verb Phrases are combination of verbs with helping verbs.

Examples:

 You could have asked for some advice.

 Tobin’s parents are celebrating their twentieth anniversary.

B. Prepositional Phrases consist of the preposition, plus its object, plus any modifiers of that object.
Prepositional phrases function as modifiers – as adjective or as adverbs.
Examples:

 They bought the house on the hill.

 Galileo dropped a feather from the tower.

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C. Verbal Phrases
A verbal is formed from a verb but does not function as a verb in a sentence. When a verbal has a
complement or modifier, it becomes part of a verbal phrase. In the following sections you will learn to
identify the three types of verbal phrases: gerund phrases, participial phrases, and infinitive phrases.

a. Gerund Phrase is made up of a gerund (is a form of a verb that is used as a noun) and its
complements and modifiers. Gerunds may be used in any way that nouns are used in sentences – as
subjects, objects, and predicate nominatives.
Examples:

 Sampling many different kinds of foods is their idea of a perfect meal. [subject]
 We loved seeing your baby pictures. [object]

b. Participial Phrase is introduced by a participle (is a form of verb that is used as an adjective) and
followed by one or more modifiers and complements. A participial phrase always functions as an
adjective – modifying a noun or a pronoun.
Example:

 The fireworks, exploding into rainbow-colored puffballs, lit up the sky.

c. Infinitive Phrase is made up of an infinitive (is a form of the verb preceded by a word to), its
modifiers, complements, and subject. An infinitive phrase may serve as the subject of the sentence, the
direct object, the predicate nominative, or as an adjective or adverb.
Examples:

 To sing professionally is Sarah’s ambition. [subject]

 Ava’s father wants to invite us to dinner. [object]
 Her approach is to be completely honest about their feeling. [predicate nominative]
 Moira finally has a job to challenge her abilities. [adjective]
 The living room is too big to paint in half a day. [adverb]

D. Appositive Phrase is made up of an appositive (is a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains a
nearby noun or pronoun) and its modifiers, which may be single-word modifiers, phrases, or clauses.
Example:

 Nick, the tall young man wearing the red shirt, is Sally’s brother.

Clauses
A clause is a group of words containing both a subject and a verb and functioning as a unit. In one sense,
any subject-verb combination is a clause, but as a rule we use the term sentence.
There are two kinds of clauses: Independent Clauses and Dependent Clauses (also called subordinate
clauses)

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A. Independent Clauses contain a subject and a verb (predicate) and are not introduced by any
subordinating word. They express a grammatically complete thought and could stand alone as complete
sentences.

Example:
 The earth revolves around the sun.

B. Dependent Clauses (subordinating clauses) contain subject and verb and are introduced by a
subordinating word.

Example:
 that she sent to her grandfather

a. Noun Clauses are substantives (nouns) and function as subject or as complements. They are usually
introduced by relative pronouns (who, which, that, whoever, whichever, whatever, and so on).
Examples:

 Whoever calls the station first will get the prize. [subject]
 I know when he came in last night. [complement]

b. Adjective Clauses modify nouns. They are usually introduced by relative pronouns (who, whom,
whose, which, that, and so on). They usually follow the noun they modify.
Example:

 He is the man who spoke so persuasively.

c. Adverbial Clauses are modifiers. They tell how? Why? What? Where? Under what condition?
With what result? and so on, about a verb or another clause, or they complete a comparison of an
adjective or adverb.
They are introduced by subordinating conjunction, among the most common of which are if, because,
unless, until, though, although, as, then, where, wherever, and so on.
Example:

 If it is too hot, the picnic will be cancelled.

Exercises:
Activity No. 1
Directions: Underline the gerund phrases found in the following sentences.
Example:

 What is the purpose of buying of ten pounds of banana?

1. Seeing in the dark is difficult for humans.

2. Whose job is washing the dishes?

3. Bella earn extra money by selling flowers.

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4. Upon removing your shoes, you may enter the temple.

5. Martha’s ambition is writing children’s book.

Activity No. 2
Directions: Write out the following sentences, underline the participial phrase and draw an arrow to the
word each phrase modifies.
Example:

 Barking furiously, the dog lunged at the locked gate.

Barking furiously, the dog lunged at the locked gate.

1. Who are the three elderly ladies watching the tryouts?

2. Justine handed round the watermelon, cut into huge wedges.

3. Gino replanted his garden, destroyed by a late spring frost.

4. Having finally decided to cut her hair, she studied her face in the mirror.

5. Irritated by Carla’s slowness, the rest of us decided to leave without her.

Processing Questions:
Differentiate verb phrases from verbal phrases.

_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Differentiate gerund phrases from participial phrases.

_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 ________________________________________________________________
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Integration:

Closure Activity:
Directions: Find the infinitive phrases in the following sentences. Be sure to include subjects of the
infinitive phrase and write your answer on the blanks provided.
Example:

 The guard told us to wait here.

to wait here
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1. Ed volunteered to sell ads for the newspaper.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. This book is too good to put down.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Karen prefers to drink hot coffee in the morning.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. They wanted us to know that they have been there.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. This is the way to enter the orchestra pit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Reflection:
 Reflect on how well you do understand phrases and clauses.

_______________________________________________________________
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Intervention:

Assignment:
Directions: Each of the following item is a dependent or subordinate clause. Add an independent clause to
make each one a complete sentence.

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Example:

 that Paula brought

No one can find the portable radio that Paula brought.
1. whenever she comes to visit

2. before it is too late

3. where we won’t be disturbed

4. because it was raining too hard

5. unless my parents agree

Evaluation:
Directions: Underline the dependent or subordinate clauses in the following sentences. Identify and write
whether noun clause, adjective clause, or adverbial clause on the blanks provided before each number.
Example:

 adverbial clause
______________________She is the person whom you must see about a visitor’s pass.

_________________________1. This is the house where I was born.

_________________________2. My main concern is that someone will be hurt.
_________________________3. Whatever you decide is all right with me.
_________________________4. Although she has a fever, she will go to school.
_________________________5. Please give this to whoever is in charge.

Study Tips:
Read happily and comprehend your lesson well.
Do not leave any activity blank or unanswered.
Be productive and stay healthy.

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Post-assessment:
Directions: Write an effective paragraph on the topic of your choice by using phrases and clauses. Use at
least two phrases and two clauses in your paragraph.

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Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Ms. Dimisha A. Doming Mrs. Charito Ophelia T. Sairuna Mrs. Suzelyn T. Shun
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator Principal

For questions and clarifications please contact:

Cell phone number: 09051754610 ™

Facebook account: Dimisha Doming

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