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The-Rise-Of-The-Modern-Interstate-System - Repaired

The document discusses the political dimension of globalization. It begins by defining the political dimension as referring to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe that have evolved beyond the framework of the nation state. It then lists some of the key factors driving politics to become more global: the rise of intergovernmental organizations; new non-state actors like NGOs and corporations; and increased interdependence between states. There is also a trend toward global governance to address collective problems that individual states cannot solve alone. The main lenses used to analyze global politics are discussed as realism, which sees politics as a struggle for power, and liberalism, which is more optimistic about international cooperation. Critical perspectives

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Jaziel Crisostomo Sestoso
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51 views27 pages

The-Rise-Of-The-Modern-Interstate-System - Repaired

The document discusses the political dimension of globalization. It begins by defining the political dimension as referring to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe that have evolved beyond the framework of the nation state. It then lists some of the key factors driving politics to become more global: the rise of intergovernmental organizations; new non-state actors like NGOs and corporations; and increased interdependence between states. There is also a trend toward global governance to address collective problems that individual states cannot solve alone. The main lenses used to analyze global politics are discussed as realism, which sees politics as a struggle for power, and liberalism, which is more optimistic about international cooperation. Critical perspectives

Uploaded by

Jaziel Crisostomo Sestoso
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Political Dimension of Globalization

Refers to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe (Steger).

Politics in the contemporary world has evolved beyond the framework of the nation state (Steger)

The Politics of the contemporary world has gone global . It is no longer limited to regional
And national territories (Heywood).

Global Politics (Worldwide-universal) is distinct from International Politics (between and among few
Nations or states)
Why is Politics in the Contemporary World global?

• The Rise of intergovernmental organizations (UN, EU, IMF, WTO APEC, ASEAN Etc.)
(Does it weaken sovereignty? Does it make sovereignty irrelevant?)

• New Actors on the World Stage (NGO’s-Operational and advocacy group and MNCs, and TNCs)
(Society of the abolition of slavery, terrorist groups, Green peace movement,
Google, General motors, Call Centers, Papacy).

• Increased Interdependence and interconnectedness


(from billiard ball Model-less cooperation, less interdependence of Politics
to cobweb Model of Politics-more cooperation and interdependence)
• Trends toward Global Community/global governance

From international anarchy ( states were naturally independent and at war,


Balance power- a condition that no state predominates another was the only way to attain peace)

to global governance ( states are confronted by collective dilemma or global problems


That can be solved only by collective effort- terrorism, climate change, Ebola, AIDS, war on drugs.
The existence of intergovernmental organizations).
Lenses on Global Politics:

2 main stream lenses: Realism and liberalism

Realism: Proponents Thomas Hobbes, Sun Zi, Nicollo Machiavelli

Basic assumptions: International and global politics are basically a constant struggle for power
(Power Politic)Among states thus it is characterized by conflict.

• Human nature is evil: selfish, greedy


• Politics is structured by power and coercion
• States are key global actors
• Highest good is survival/security
• States are naturally in conflict
• Rely on oneself /self help
• Balance of power ensures stability and avoiding war
• Rejects moral consideration
• Pessimistic
Liberalism

Optimistic. Believe sin the goodness of everyone

History is progressive growing towards international cooperation and peace.

Believes in mixed actor model than state-centric

Trade and Economic interdependence make war less likely to happen

International law helps to promote order and foster rule governed behavior among
States.

Democracy is inherently peaceful.


Critical perspectives

• Marxism- criticizes capitalism

• Social constructivism- criticizes positivism

• Critical theory-

• Poststructuralist- criticizes tradition or conventional way of thinking

• Feminist- criticizes the traditional patriarchal mentality

• Post colonialist- criticizes the influence of the west or colonial mentality

• Green Politics- Criticizes environmental degradation and industrialization


Continuity and change in Global Politics

What continues

1. Power
2. Security
3. Justice

What changes

1. Location and control of power ( multipolar to bi-polar and back to multipolar)


2. Technology also empowered what used to be powerless (Arab Spring, cyber war
Etc)
3. Governments are pressured by television and media
4. From national security (security delimma) to Collective security (Nato, Seato, Un, EU)
To Global security or human security-diseases, refugee crises, environmental
Destruction, resource scarcity.
5. From State justice to global or cosmopolitan justice (universal human rights, respect for
Human dignity, stewardship of mother earth). Foreign aid.
Earliest challenges to the Westphalia order: the French revolution (1789-1790’s) and the Rise of
Napoleon Bonaparte ( 1769-1821)

Fight against Monarchy and the birth of


the Republic

The Rise of Nationalism


Napoleon

Spread the principles of the revolution across Europe

Instituted the Napoleonic Code:

forbade birth privileges


established freedom of religion
introduced meritocracy in government

Introduced brief hegemony in Europe


The concert of Europe and Restoration of the Westphalian system (1815-1914)
Communist Internationalism (1919-1943)

Product of the Bolshevik victory in Russia

Linen’s tool to promote revolution

Central Body of Communist parties across the globe

Dissolved in 1943 to appease the Allies


The Challenge of Internationalism: Facism

Fascists see internationalism as an attack


To the nation

They believe in the superiority of their


Race or ethnicity

World War II broke out

Causes:

1. Hitler
2. WWI Peace settlement(Treaty of
Versailles)
3. Nazi Expansionism
4. Japanese Expansionism
5. Global economic crisis
The United Nations
The Rise of the Cold War

The Truman doctrine in 1947 (led to the Marshall plan)

1949 North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO)

1949 ( Chinese revolution)


The end of the cold war is what Francis Fukuyama calls the “End of history in which
Liberal democracy will reign

Huntington’s theory of “Clash of Civilization”- speaks of the war in the 21st century
Is cultural between the west and Islam. Speaks if irreconcilable values between Islam and the western
culture

FACTORS OF THE WARS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• The inheritance from Colonialism (UK and French over Syria, Lebanon and Iraq)
• Conflict between Israel and the Palestinians (Israel was perceived as extension of the west)
• The curse of oil (the build of dictators and western interest in the region)
• The rise of political islam (puritan effort) political and spiritual regeneration of the Islamic
• Caliphate. Iranian revolution of 1979. Hamas ad Hezbollah. Al Qaeda who fought the soviet
• Invasion of Afghanistan. The 9/11 attack. The war on terror in Afghanistan, Iraq, and against
• rogue states.
The Case of the Kyoto Protocol

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