COSC 2307

Module 10
SUB-QUERIES
 customer orders orderline
OrderNum ProductNum Quantity SalesPrice
CustNum CustName City CreditLimit OrderNum OrderDate Filled CustNum
1 7 2 34.99
3 Kent BURLINGTON 2000 1 05/09/1997 1 2
2 6 1 980
4 Moore BRAMPTON 1000 2 05/09/1997 1 9
3 4 16 25
5 Felipe MISSISSAUGA 4500 3 05/09/1997 0 6
4 1 1 44.95
7 Khoury MISSISSAUGA 1000 4 01/10/1997 0 10
5 2 1 99.99
8 Brant OAKVILLE 1500 5 08/10/1997 1 3
5 8 1 25.99
9 Wells BURLINGTON 0 6 19/10/1997 1 5
6 7 1 34.99
13 Ironwood OAKVILLE 100 7 15/10/1997 1 5
7 3 1 299.99
14 Joe TORONTO 4000 8 17/10/1997 1 8
8 2 1 99.99
15 Test22 TORONTO 22 9 04/11/1997 1 9
9 5 2 29.99
16 Joe G. BRAMPTON 1000 10 06/11/1997 1 3
10 5 11 27.5
11 01/12/1997 0 7
11 3 1 295
12 04/12/1997 0 1
11 4 3 42
13 08/12/1997 0 6
11 5 4 27.5
14 15/12/1997 0 4
12 8 1 25.99
15 17/12/1997 0 5
13 6 1 975
product 14 7 2 34.99
15 2 1 105
ProductNum Descr ProductType MSRP Onhand
15 7 1 34.99
1 Swiss army knife Sports 51.69 22
2 Electric heater Hardware 99.99 10
3 Snowboard Sports 344.99 37
4 Hockey stick Sports 31.63 172
5 Snow shovel Hardware 29.99 53
6 Stove Appliance 989.99 17
7 Toaster Appliance 34.99 12
8 Jumper cables Hardware 25.99 38
9 test test 30 1
 SELECT Statement
• Used for queries on single or multiple tables
• So far we have learned the following clauses of the SELECT
statement:
– SELECT
• List the columns (and expressions) that should be returned from the query
– FROM
• Indicate the table(s) or view(s) from which data will be obtained
– WHERE
• Indicate the conditions under which a row will be included in the result
– ORDER BY
• Sorts the result according to specified criteria
Sample query
• Show all the customers, sort by customer city and customer name:
SELECT *
FROM customer
ORDER BY city, custname;
Sample query
• Show all the orders placed by customers in October 1997
SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND '1997-10-31';
COMPOUND QUERIES
• We can use queries within queries
• From time to time, we may want to write more
complicated SELECT queries that have the results
of other SELECT queries as part of their WHERE
clause
COMPOUND QUERIES
• Note: compound queries are not always the most practical way of
writing a query – there are probably easier ways! They do have their
uses though
• A few conditions we can use in compound queries are IN, NOT IN
• We’ll start with IN – so what is it?
COMPOUND QUERIES example: sub-query
• Show customers who placed an order in October 1997.
• Step 1: get a list of all the customer numbers for orders placed in
October 1997
SELECT custnum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND '1997-10-31';
COMPOUND QUERIES example
• Show customers who placed an order in October 1997.
• Step 1 - improved: get a list of all the customer numbers for orders
placed in October 1997, but show no duplicates
SELECT DISTINCT custnum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND '1997-10-31';
COMPOUND QUERIES example
• Show customers who placed an order in October 1997.
• Step 2 - get a list of all the customers who are on the list
SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE custnum IN (10,3,5,8);
Sub-query
• Show customers who placed an order in October 1997.
SELECT * SELECT DISTINCT custnum
FROM orders
FROM customer WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND
'1997-10-31';
WHERE custnum IN (10,3,5,8);
• And now automate it – replace hard-coded list with a sub-query
SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE custnum IN (SELECT DISTINCT custnum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND '1997-10-31 ' );
Your turn
• Using sub-query, show all the customers who have placed an order in
September 1997
Your turn - SOLUTION
• Using sub-query, show all the customers who have placed an order in
September 1997

SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE custnum IN (SELECT DISTINCT custnum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-9-1' AND '1997-9-30 ' );
Sub-query example 2
• Show products ordered in September 1997
Sub-query example 2 - SOLUTION
• Show products ordered in September 1997
• Step 1 – show order numbers placed in September 1997 (no
duplicates)
SELECT ordernum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-9-1' AND '1997-9-30 ';
Sub-query example 2 - SOLUTION
• Show products ordered in September 1997
• Step 2 – show product numbers for orders placed in September 1997
(no duplicates)
SELECT DISTINCT productnum
FROM orderline
WHERE ordernum IN(SELECT ordernum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-9-1' AND '1997-9-30 ');
 Sub-query example 2 - SOLUTION
• Show products ordered in September 1997
• Finally – show product information for product numbers for orders
placed in September 1997
SELECT *
FROM product
WHERE productnum IN(SELECT DISTINCT productnum
FROM orderline
WHERE ordernum IN(SELECT ordernum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-9-1' AND '1997-9-30 '));
 Sub-query - example 3
• Show products NOT ordered by anyone in September 1997
SELECT *
FROM product
WHERE productnum NOT IN(SELECT DISTINCT productnum
FROM orderline
WHERE ordernum IN(SELECT ordernum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-9-1' AND '1997-9-30 '));
 Sub-query - example 4
• Show customers who did not place orders in October 1997.
SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE custnum NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT custnum
FROM orders
WHERE orderdate BETWEEN '1997-10-1' AND '1997-10-31 ' );
Your turn
• Show products nobody has ever ordered
Your turn - SOLUTION
• Show products nobody has ever ordered

SELECT *
FROM product
WHERE productnum NOT IN(SELECT DISTINCT productnum
FROM orderline);
Your turn
• Show all the customers from Toronto who never placed any orders
Your turn - solution
• Show all the customers from Toronto who never placed any orders

SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE city ='Toronto'
AND custnum NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT custnum FROM orders);