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Math10 - Q1 - SLM - Module 3

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Math10 - Q1 - SLM - Module 3

Uploaded by

Limar Anasco Escaso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Geometric Sequence

1
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Geometric Sequence

First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency
or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted
to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ruby Ann H. Licot MAEM/MAT-Math


Joan C. Reyes MAED

Editors: Marcela R. Bautista Dev.EdD


Ramil A. Escaso EdD
Filipina A. Trazo
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio PhD


Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD


EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD


EPS, LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol


Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas

Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City,
Bohol
Telefax: (038) 501 – 7550
Tel Nos. (038) 412 – 4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501 – 7550
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
Learning Competencies:
Illustrates a geometric sequence. (M10AL-Id-1)
Differentiates a geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence. (M10AL-Id-2)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:


• identify a geometric sequence.
• find the common ratio of a geometric sequence.
• differentiate geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence.

Lesson 1: Geometric Sequence

What is it

Study the given sequences and see if you can get the pattern or rule.
1) 2, 4, 8, 16, …
2) -1, 5, -25, 125, …
3) 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, …
You need the concept of ratio in order to understand the next kind of sequence.
Example 1: Given the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16
4 is the product of 2 and 2
8 is the product of 4 and 2
16 is the product of 8 and 2
Since the succeeding term is the product of the previous term and a constant 2 (ratio), therefore 2, 4, 8, 16
is a geometric sequence.
Example 2: Given: 1, 4, 9, 16, …
4 is the product of 2 and 2
9 is the product of 3 and 3
16 is the product of 4 and 4
Since the succeeding term is NOT a product of the previous term and a constant (ratio), therefore the
above sequence is NOT a geometric sequence.
NOTE: The common ratio is found by dividing after the first by the preceding term. For example in the
sequence 2, 4, 8, 16
16 8 𝟒
=2 =2 = 2 , thus, the common ratio of example 1 is 2.
8 4 𝟐

What’s More
Identify whether Geometric or NOT.

1) 2, -6, 18, -54, …


2) 1, 8, 27, 64, …
3) 80x, 40x, 20x, 10x, …
1
4) − , 1, 2,-4, …
2

3
Lesson 2: The Common Ratio

What is it

Geometric sequence is a sequence in which a term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term
by a constant number called common ratio r. The general term of a geometric sequence is,
an = a1r n-1
where: n = number of terms
a1 = first term
an = nth term
r = common ratio
Example 1: Find r for the geometric sequence with a1 = 24 and a4 = 648.
Solution: Using the formula,
an = a1r n-1
648 = 24r 4-1 Substitute with the given information
27 = r3 Divide by 24 on both sides and simplify the exponent
33 = r3 Rewrite the base 27 into a power of 3 (27 = 3∙3∙3 = 33)
r=3 Property of equality (If exponents are equal, then bases are equal)

Example 2: Find r in a geometric sequence if the first term is -3 and the 6th term is 96.
Solution: Let a1 = -3 n=6 a6 = 96
an = a1r n-1
96 = -3r 6-1 Substitute
-32 = r5 Divide by -3 on both sides and simplify the exponent
5 5
(-2) = r Rewrite the base -32 into a power of 5 (-32 = (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) =(-2) 5
r = -2 Property of equality

What’s More
Find the common ratio of the following geometric sequence.
1) a1 = 2 and a4 = 128
2) a2 = -2 and a5 = -16

Lesson 3: The Difference Between Geometric Sequence and


Arithmetic Sequence

What is it
Like the arithmetic sequence, each of the terms in a geometric sequence is related to the preceding
term through a definite pattern.

Example A.) 6x, 18x, 54x, 162x…


Answer: Geometric Sequence
Common ratio: 3
Example B.) -4, -10, -16, -22…
Answer: Arithmetic Sequence
Common difference: -6
Example C.) -60, 30, -15, 7.5, …
Answer: Geometric Sequence
1
Common ratio: -
2
3 1 1
Example D.) 1, , , , …
4 2 4
Answer: Arithmetic Sequence
1
Common difference: −
4

4
What’s More

Determine whether each sequence is arithmetic, geometric or neither. If the sequence is arithmetic,
give the common difference; if geometric, give the common ratio.

1) 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, … 5) 5x2, 5x4, 5x6, 5x8, …


2) -3, 2, 7, 12, … 6) 625, 125, 25, 5, …
1 1 1 1
3) 5, -10, 20, -40, … 7) , , , , …
2 4 6 8
4) 1, 0.6, 0.36, 0.216, …

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided
for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. A geometric sequence is characterized by a constant _________.


A. ratio B. difference C. number of items D. sum
2. The following sequences are arithmetic EXCEPT ONE which is a geometric.
1 5 7
A. 2, 8, 14, 20 B. 2, -3, -8, -13 C. -5, 5, -5, 5 D. , 1, ,
3 3 3
3. Which of the following is the ratio of a geometric sequence 3, 6, 12, 24?
1
A. B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
2
4. Which of the following is NOT a geometric sequence?
1
A. 3, 9, 27, 81 B. 9, 3, 1, C. 3, -3, 3, -3, 3 D. 6, 3, 0, -3
3
5. Find the ratio of a geometric sequence with a2 = 24 and a5 = 648.
A. 3 B. -3 C. 4 D. -4
6. Which of the following is the step in finding the ratio of a geometric sequence.
A. Adding after the first by the preceding term
B. Dividing after the first by the preceding term
C. Multiplying after the first by the preceding term
D. Subtracting after the first by the preceding term
7. The following are steps in finding the ratio of a geometric sequence 1, 3, 9, 27, EXCEPT one.
3 27 3 9
A. B. C. D.
1 9 9 3
8. Identify the sequence which is geometric.
A. 1, 1, -1, 1 B. 3, 6, 9, 12 C. 2, 4, 6, 8 D. -2, 4, -6, 12
9. Which of these statements is TRUE.
A. The defining equation of an arithmetic sequence is quadratic function
B. Each term of a geometric sequence is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a common
multiplier
C. The terms of an arithmetic sequence has a common factor
D. A geometric sequence has a common difference
10. Which of these is a ratio of 7, -7, 7, -7?
1 1
A. - B. C. 1 D. -1
2 2

5
Answer Sheet

MATHEMATICS 10

Name: ___________________________________________ Score: ______________


Grade & Section: ___________________________________

Quarter 1 – Module 3
Lesson 1
What’s More
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lesson 2
What’s More
1.
2.

Lesson 3
What’s More
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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References
Merle S. Alferez, et. al 2007 MSA Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City: MSA Publishing House

Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: REX
Book Store, INC.
Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: REX Book
Store, INC.
Von Torio, et. al 2017. K-12 Curriculum-Based Smart in Math 10. Quezon City: ISA-JECHO
PUBLISHING, INC.

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