Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan

Integrated National High School

Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan

Integrated National High School

Researcher:

Asilo, Mouleen

Beraye, Angela

Calzado, Francis Kyle

Dejan, Jeraldine Mae

De paz, Jules Clyde

Eslava, Eloisa

Hicana, Wilfredo

Parao, Ronnie

Villareal, Rachel
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Senior High School has two years of specialized upper secondary education;

students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity.

One of this is The Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand would

focus on the basic concepts of financial management, business management,

corporate operations, and all things that are accounted for.

The Grade 12 ABM students in Biñan Integrated National High School also

will typically take into account the quality of life they want when they are older.

Factors such as interest in field, academic ability, familiarity, economic stability, and

influential people can all play a role in the decision. Being adolescent can be

extremely lonely. It is not unusual to have a feeling that there is no one turn to when

problems come arise. This is the stage where major decisions and deep concerns

affect the courses of their lives. Most adolescents are pressured to perform and

succeed, which experience severe stress in meeting these expectations.

There are many possible factors why a student affecting their course

preferences. The researcher aims to understand the factors affecting the course

preferences of students in Biñan Integrated National High School especially in Grade

12 who choose the ABM strand. Accountancy Business Management (ABM) or the
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
profession or practice of accounting focuses on the basic concepts of Financial

Management, Business Sales management, Corporate Operations and all the things

that are accounted for the ABM can also lead you to careers on management and

accounting which could be Sales manager, Human Resources, Marketing Director,

Project Officer, Bookkeeper, Accounting Clerks, Internal Auditor and lot more. When

it comes to getting a good grasp of the ABM Strand, you have to first get acquainted

with the two central and all-encompassing fields involved. Accounting is a field that

has to do with the measurement, processing, and relaying of financial information

with regards to economic entities, such as corporations and businesses. The

accounting field has been called the “language of business” because it measures and

facilitates the results of an organization’s economic activities.

Background of the study

In choosing a course for college needs a wide mindset and a good and wise

decision making. There are things that should be considered for the students to choose

a course. So wise decision making should be utilized with regards on this situation.

Grade 12 students able to identify their deficiencies as far their choices are

concerned because of the interrelationship of these factor such as age , gender, socio-

economic status of their family, influenced by family or relatives, peers, loved one,

and interests.
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Choosing a course in college should be aligned on the strand they chosen on

their senior high school and should be given enough time to think and to prepare

before deciding. As the researchers of this study, they need to identify and find out the

factors affecting the course preference of the Grade12 ABM students of Biñan

Integrated National High school and must be given the importance of the study.

Theoretical framework

Donald Super’s Developmental Theory of Career Development in the 1950s

stated that teenagers or high school students are at the stage where they are still trying

to explore and figure out their choice in careers, which involves establishing and

specifying what will be their preference when it comes to it, since they have not yet

established their full interest. This leads them to become indecisive. This theory also

states that developing a sense of self and realizing that you change over time is

significant when you are planning for your career.

In addition, it is stated that the self-concept is the key in selecting one’s

specialization, but this requires understanding oneself that can be achieved through

time and experience. And according to this, the key determinants are one’s social

class, level of intelligence, and experience with sex typing.

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Determine the effects of - Statistical tools Factor Affecting the

the following factors to the - Data gathering Course Preferences of

preferred course of techniques Grade12 ABM

students through: survey student’s in BINHS

1.1 Decision-Making (Questionnaire)

and Interest - Data analysis

1.2 Peer Influence

1.3 Consideration

about Institutions

1.4 Future Job

Opportunities

FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
This study aims to determine the factors that affect the course preference of

grade 12 ABM. Specifically, this study answers the following questions:

1. What is demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following;

1.1. Age;

1.2 Gender?

2. What is your preferred course in college?

3. How may the respondents’ course preference affect by the following;

3.1. Decision-Making and Interest;

3.2. Peers Influence;

3.3. Consideration about Institutions;

3.4. Future Job Opportunities

4. What is the factor greatly affect the course preferences of Grade 12 ABM students

of Biñan Integrated National High School?

Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis- There is varied significant factors affecting the course

preference of grade 12 ABM students in Biñan Integrated National High School.

Null Hypothesis- There is no varied significant factors affecting the course

preference of grade 12 ABM students in Biñan Integrated National High School.

Significance of the study

To Parents
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
This study would help parents in guiding their children in choosing the right

course in college for them.

To student

This study would help student in dealing with factors that affect their choice

preference. This study would also help students that would want to do a research

related to this study in the future.

To Teachers

This study would help teacher in guiding and helping their students in

choosing the right course for them.

For school administrators

This study will be an eye opener to school administrators on how they should

nurture the student’s ability and capacity to decide for their course when it comes to

college. And this study can give the school administrators a brief on how they should

encourage the students to choose the best course for them.

For future researcher

This study would help the future researcher to complete their research their

conducting that related of their study, and also help the students to find the ideas and

news ways to think of their chosen course in the future.

Scope and Delimitation

This research aims to focus on the factors that affect the course preference of

the grade 12 ABM students of Biñan Integrated National High School. This research
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
will analyze how do factors: family, peers, and interest affects a student course

preference by gathering information through questionnaires. This research is mainly

focus on grade 12 ABM students of Biñan Integrated National High School enrolled

in school year 2020-2021.

Definition of Terms

ABM - is a strand in senior high whom the researchers are going to make a study

about

Adolescent - refers to a person that is in the process of becoming an adult.

Aptitude - refers to the talent or ability of an individual 5o do something.

Behavior - a way in which one acts towards other people.

Course preference - is a term refers to an opportunity to select an individual's desired

course.

Family - a group of individuals that is related to a each other through blood; a factor

that can affect course preference.

Interest - an individual's passion that arouses such attention; a factor that can affect

course preference.

Mindset - a term used to describe a person's fixed state of mind.

Peers - a person attached to one another by affection; a factor that can affect course

preference.
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Self-concept - is the view one has for oneself; knowledge an individual has for

oneself

Chapter 2

This chapter presents the review of literature, which has relevance to our present

research “ Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of

Biñan Integrated National High School ”. This chapter contains theories and has been

proven by other researchers and it emphasize the factors that affect the course

preference of students.

LITERATURE

According to Pascual, Nancy T. (2014) in her article about Factors affecting

high school students’ career preference: a basis for career planning program.

Conclude that students’ career success can be best attained if proper guidance is given

in choosing the right course in college, suited to students’ personality, ability and

intellect. Helping students choose the career that suits them can be done by integrating

a career plan with the curriculum so that students can make good decisions in what

course to take in college. Collaborative effort of the school administration, guidance

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
counselor and parents should also be made to come up with a better career plan for

every individual student.

According to Quinter and Edwards (2011), as students attempt to make

career choice while in lyceum, they face problem of matching their career choices

with their abilities and faculty performance. The study was conducted using

descriptive survey design with a population of 332 students. The info for this study

was collected using questionnaire and interview schedules. The findings of this study

indicate that availability of advancement opportunities and learning experiences are

the foremost influential factors affecting career choices among students. While males

reported learning experiences and career flexibility because the most influential

factors, females however reported availability of advancement opportunity and

opportunity to use skills because the most influential factors.

According to Kazi and Akhlaq (2017), the influence. Of career choice has a

lasting impact on an individual. It is one of the biggest dilemma and challenge in any

students’ life. This study reveals that students are easily swayed by peers and

impressed by media in choosing a career, thus make the teachers and counselors role

minimal. In an investigation of variables influencing vocation decision among

understudies set up that understudies are generally influenced into specific professions

through companion and online media impact, subsequently settling on receptive

decisions. In their investigation, young ladies appeared to be more impacted by peers

and are dependent on them.

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
According to Uyar et al. (2011) in a journal of Business Education, there are

factors that play role in career, these factors are: Interest, which work in a two-sided

relationship; Second is job opportunities. When it comes to job opportunities, the

wider the field offer job opportunities, the more likely for students to choose the field;

Suitability of abilities is another major influence on students’ success, the more

closely the student’s ability relate to a field, the more likely they will succeed.

According to the research article of Dayao and Almario (2017) some

important elements of the learning process of the Grade 12 student graduates lies on

the courses they are going to choose and the choice of the school to enter in college. It

is state that the number of unemployment increases due to the mismatch in course and

the need in the current economy, or the graduates do not possess the necessary skills

and qualifications required by the industries needed.

While in a study by Rosero, Earl Victor (2012) entitled “Why many fresh

college graduates don’t get hired, according to survey of managers”, it is stated that

the problem could have arose due to the wrong choice of course and school by most

of the college students brought by unguided decision making in choosing courses.

STUDIES

According to Mtemeri (2017) in there study a Factors influencing tihe choice

of career pathways among high school students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. A

study was conducted to investigate the influence of family background on the

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
academic performance. It was found that supportive parents are important for their

children’s career decision. The student’s peer group is the single most potent source

of influence with regard to career choices. Established that Nigerian parents

influenced students’ performance and eventual career choices. They acknowledged

the importance of parental support of their children’s education and career choices

According to Lee (2009) in her study entitled “Choosing a College Major:

Factors That Might Influence The Way Students Make Decisions”, indicated that the

decision making of students in general doesn’t really get affected by variables such as

self-esteem, self-efficacy, and goal instability which are said to have no significant

relationship with decidedness of students. According to her, this might also be an

indicator that the decision making when it comes to choosing a college major was not

influenced by decision-coping pattern or decision-making styles. The study also

emphasized that students used adaptive and maladaptive methods when they are

deciding on their major for college but the level of students’ self esteem, self-efficacy,

and goal instability didn’t seem to have relation on the students whether they apply

adaptive or maladaptive method. It is also discussed that there are other factors that

can likely affect their decision making and how decisive they are on their academic

major, like parental influence which is said that, the more the student is attached to his

family, the more they commit to their career choice.

According to Edmonds (2012) in her study entitled Factors Influencing

Choice of College Major: What really makes a difference? For most students,

graduating high school, the prospect of entering college is seen as a new exciting
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
experience. Yet there are so many thing to consider. All factors were grouped in three

subtypes(practical, interpersonal, personal) of influences to determine where the

greatest influence stems from. However this study states that individuals are reshaped

by new experiences, so personal reason that influence a student on choosing a college

career may change over the time. In conclusion, this study believes that students

deciding their major were influenced by practical reasons.

According to Japitan (2019) in their study entitled Factors Influencing on

Grade 12 students’ chosen courses in Jagobiao National High School-Senior High

School Department, Education is universally recognized as the answer to socio-

economic problems of the world. Thus, making a career choice is a defining phase in

every student’s life. This study sought to determine the factors influencing on Grade

12 students in choosing a course in college in doing a survey through questionnaires.

Finding revealed that Grade 12 students encountered different factors that gave an

impact towards the graduating learners in selecting a course in college that includes

decision making and interest, peer influence, consideration about institutions and

future job opportunities.

According to Hernandez A., Reyes B., & De Roca J.M. (2017) in their

study defined the factors that serve as preference of students in choosing a career in

college includes childhood aspirations, family/relatives, peers/friends, interest and

specialization, values, in-demand jobs, school guidance counselor, and anticipated

problems encountered are presumed to affect the students preferences of their career.
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Its leads the students of having a successful education and life. This focused

on their goals, development career, and higher self- esteem to satisfied on needs their

education and also know and identify their opportunity jobs.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, subject of the study,

instrumentation and population sample, sampling technique, data gathering

procedures, statistical treatment of data and plans for data analysis.

Research Methods

In this study, descriptive research design was utilized by the researchers.

Descriptive method was employed with the use of questionnaire as the major

instrument for gathering data. The researchers chose this method because of its

appropriateness to the problem and based on the availability of resources. Descriptive

method allows quantitative and qualitative description of current status, traits, nature

and characteristics of the subjects.

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School

Scribbr (2019) defines descriptive research design as usually defined as a type

of quantitative research, though qualitative research can also be used for descriptive

purposes. The research design should be carefully developed to ensure that the results

are valid and reliable. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research

methods to investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the

researcher does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and

measures them.

Subject of the Study

The respondents of this study were the Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan

Integrated National High School, school year 2020-2021.

Population and Sample

The populations of this study were from Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan

Integrated National High. Therefore, there were 321 total number of population in this

study.

Slovin’s Formula was used to find the sample size. The formula is:

N = N/1+Ne²

Where: n is the Sample size

N is Population

E is the Margin of error

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
1 is the Numerical Coefficient

Therefore:

N = N/1+Ne²

N = 323/1+(323)(0.05)²

N = 323/1+(323)(0.0025)

N = 323/1+0.8075

N = 323/1.8075

N = 179 was the total number of respondents in the study

Sampling Technique

In this study, the researchers used the simple random sampling technique

wherein we select a group of subjects for selecting the participants. This technique

was employed to ensure fairly representation for the study.

Instrumentation

A survey questionnaire that is used in a study entitled Factors Influencing on

Grade 12 Students’ chosen Courses in Jagobiao National High School – Senior High

School Department was adopted.

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Data Gathering Procedures

To gather data for this study, the researchers:

1. The researchers created a questionnaire for the study that will answer the

problems stated in chapter 1. Afterwards, ask approval from the research

teacher.

2. The researcher asked consent from the principal of Senior High School and

supervisor of Grade 12 ABM students of BINHS to sign the letter to settled

the researcher to conduct the study.

3. After the consent permit from the principal has been approved, the

researcher request the approval of research teacher for the distribution of the

questionnaire to the target respondent.

4. After retrieving the questionnaire, the researchers encoded and summarized

the gathered data

5. The researchers analyzed and interpret the findings of the study that

answers the problems stated in chapter 1 with the data gathered through the

questionnaires.

Statistical treatment of Data

This phase is where the researchers proceed with creating their survey

questionnaires which they planned to distribute on respondents through the internet in

an online modality. The survey questionnaire that they had prepared will help them

determine the factors that greatly affect the decisions of students when it comes to the

course they would want to pursue.

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School

Frequency and Percentage Distribution

To get the demographic profile of the respondents, the researcher used the

frequency and percentage distribution.

It is a statistical tool that the researcher utilized to measure the number of

items an event occurs according to the respondents. This help in measuring the factors

that affect the preference in course of Grade 12 students.

Formula: P = (f/N)×100

Where:

P = Percentage

f = frequency of responses, and

N = total number of respondents

For the statement of the problem 2 and 3, the weighted mean was employed to

determine the factors affecting the course preference of the students

Weighted mean

It is the tool the researcher frequently utilized to determine what is the average

or mean of each categories about factors that affect the students career choice which

can be solved by the formula:

Mean = ∑x ÷ N

Where N = is the total number of all items

∑x= sum of all the individual values

 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School

Plans for Data Analysis

The researcher plans to use a table to present the demographic profile of the

respondents. Using the Likert scale the data for the questionnaire will also present in a

table. Each weighted mean will interpret the classifications on how the factors affect

the course preference of the students.

CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents all the information gathered through the questionnaire as

well as age, gender. For a better and clearer presentation and interpretation, the

researchers tabulated all the data they have gathered.

1. What is demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following;

1.1 Age; and

Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
1.2 Gender?

Table 1.1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Age

Age Number of Respondents Percentage

17 45 25.14%
18 101 56.42%
19 22 12.29%
20 7 3.91%
21 3 1.68%
22 1 0.56%
TOTAL 179 100%

Table 1.2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Gender

Gender Number of respondents Percentage

Male 111 62.01%
Female 68 37.99%
TOTAL 179 100%

2. What is your preferred course in college?

Table 2

Frequency of Response to the preferred course in college

College Courses Number of respondents

Business courses 110
Hotel and Restaurant Management 7
Criminology 4
Engineering and Architecture 20
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Education courses 10
Psychology courses 2
Tourism and Hospitality management 10
Information technology courses 6
Medical courses 8
Journalism 1
Fine arts 1

3. How may the respondents’ course preference affect by the following;

3.1 Decision-Making and Interest;

3.2 Influence;

3.3 Consideration about Institutions;

3.4 Future Job Opportunities

Table 3.1

Decision-Making and interest

Indicators Weighted Interpretation Rank

Mean
1. I consider my desire of doing things 4.20 Agree 1
2. I look my ability such as knowledge and skills 4.18 Agree 2
3. I choose a course based on what I feel about it 4.05 Agree 6
4. I decide based on my preferences for instance, 3.63 Agree 9
family background
5. I prefer things to do what I like the most 4.14 Agree 3
6. I expect my potential in looking for a job 4.14 Agree 4
7. I am focused based on my interest 4.01 Agree 7
8. It is my passion that helps me pursue the course 4.09 Agree 5
or career to take
9. I rely on my abilities 3.82 Agree 8
10. I depend based on self testing 3.54 Agree 10
Overall 3.98 Agree

Table 3.2

Peer Influence
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
Indicators Weighted Interpretation Rank
Mean
1. My peers inspire me to choose what I like to take 3.52 Agree 3
2. My peers encourage me to do things to achieve 4.02 Agree 1
my goals
3. My peers’ advice to learn more about what I like 3.90 Agree 2
to choose to do
4. My peers’ informal talk leads me of what I 3.37 Neither/Nor 4
should plan to choose Agree
5. I prefer to my peer group in selecting a course 2.86 Neither/Nor 5
Agree
Overall 3.53 Agree

Table 3.3

Consideration about Institution

Indicators Weighted Interpretation Rank

Mean
1. I consider on a distance of travel from the house 3.81 Agree 3
to school and home
2. I believe the stories of my acquaintances about 3.43 Agree 4
the school
3. I learn the affordable tuition of the university in 3.98 Agree 1
college institution
4. I rely on scholarship grants 3.96 Agree 2
Overall 3.80 Agree

Table 3.4

Future Job Opportunities

Indicators Weighted Interpretation Rank

Mean
1. I find the course I choose convenient in looking 4.25 Strongly 3
for a job in the future Agree
2. I can expect for the good salary 4.34 Strongly 1
Agree
 Factors Affecting the Course Preference of Grade 12 ABM Students of Biñan
Integrated National High School
3. I prefer for the stability status for the job 4.30 Strongly 2
Agree
4. I favor the tenureship of the job 3.79 Agree 5
5. I expect the availability of the job that suits me 4.22 Strongly 4
Agree
Overall 4.18 Agree