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LESSON-1-Types-of-Govt-How-Govt-is-Formed (Part 4)

There are three major types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. A monarchy rules through a single hereditary leader, an aristocracy rules through a small elite group, and a democracy rules through the people. Representative democracy is the most common modern form. Governments are also classified based on how power is distributed, such as presidential, parliamentary, congressional, and federal systems. Governments are formed through elections that give officials legitimacy, or occasionally through illegitimate means like coups that lack widespread acceptance.

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Dee Cyree Rusia
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56 views

LESSON-1-Types-of-Govt-How-Govt-is-Formed (Part 4)

There are three major types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. A monarchy rules through a single hereditary leader, an aristocracy rules through a small elite group, and a democracy rules through the people. Representative democracy is the most common modern form. Governments are also classified based on how power is distributed, such as presidential, parliamentary, congressional, and federal systems. Governments are formed through elections that give officials legitimacy, or occasionally through illegitimate means like coups that lack widespread acceptance.

Uploaded by

Dee Cyree Rusia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Government and Governance Explained

0
MAJOR TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

A. MONARCHY
B. ARISTOCRACY
C. DEMOCRACY
Major types

of Government
MONARCHY
 refers to a
government ruled by
a single person
The sole ruler in a monarchy is called a
monarch but may be known by various terms
such as king, sultan and prince

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY - a monarchy


whose rule is defined and limited by constitution.
governing power is now in the hands of the national
parliaments.
Examples of modern states are the UNITED
KINGDOM, SPAIN and JAPAN.
Major types

of Government
ARISTOCRACY or
OLIGARCHY
 Refers to the rule by
a small group of
people.
 meaning "rule of the few",
 In the medieval period, only those belonging to the
political and social elite had the right to govern.
 These people might be distinguished
by nobility, wealth, family
ties, education or corporate, religious or military
control.
 Such states are often controlled by families who
typically pass their influence from one generation to
the next
Major types

of Government
DEMOCRACY
 Refers to the “rule of the
people” who directly
participate in all
government activities.
 It is based on ancient Athenian
form of government
REPRESENTATIVE or REPUBLICAN DEMOCRACY –
an innovation introduced by Romans, where
citizens elect representatives who will defend
their interests in the government.
 It is the most popular form of government
throughout the world.
Democratic Government
at Present It is based on the means by which power is
distributed among leaders and institutions
of government.

Presidential Federal
Presidential Congressio Parliamenta Parliamenta Governm
System nal System ry System ry System ent
PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM

Recognizes the President as the


highest official and head of the
executive branch.

The executive branch also


exists separately from the
legislative branch of
government.

Presidential governments have


legislatures which are
organized based on a
congressional system.
CONGRESSIONAL
SYSTEM

UNICAMERAL – composed of
one house, such as an assembly

BICAMERAL – composed of two


houses, such as the House of
Representative and Senate
The word bicameral is derived from the
Latin: "bi" (meaning two) and "camera"
(meaning chamber)
PARLIAMENTARY
SYSTEM

characterized by a close
relationship between the
executive and legislative
branches.

the government is headed by


a prime minister and his or
her cabinet who are chosen
among the ranks of
legislators in the parliament.
PRESIDENTIAL-
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM

The President is elected by the citizens. He or she then


appoints a prime minister and cabinet from the members
of the legislative branch

He/she holds the power to dissolve the parliament or assembly


and organize a new government.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Composed of individual states with


their own democratic governments that
come together as a federation.

There is a clear division of power


between the federal government and
the member of states.
HOW A
GOVERNMENT IS
FORMED
CONSTITUTION
 Is a set of primary principles and laws
that defines what government the people
intends to establish.
 It guides the government as it rules the

state.

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constit
utions/1987-constitution/
1899 Malolos Short History of
Philippine Constitution
Constitution
The First Philippine Republic was
Three other constitutions have effectively
established in 1899 with the governed the country in its history: the 1935
Proclamation of the Malolos Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973
Constitution. Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution.
It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and
Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of A constitutional plebiscite held in the Philippines on 14
proposals to the Malolos May 1935 ratified the 1935 Philippine Constitution which
established the Philippine Commonwealth.[1] The
Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro constitution had been written in 1934 by
Paterno. the Constitutional Convention of 1934.

The Political Constitution of 1899 is written


in Spanish which was the official language of the The Tydings–McDuffie Act of the United States
Philippines at the time. It is composed of ninety-three Government detailed the steps required for the
articles divided into fourteen titles, with transitory Philippines to become independent of the United
provisions in eight further articles, and with one un- States. A previous act, the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act,
numbered additional article.
had been rejected by the Philippine Congress.

The constitution was approved by 96% of


voters, and was replaced by the 1973
Constitution of the Philippines.

Malolos Congress in 1898 The church where the constitution was ratified
Preamble
1987 Philippine Constitution
We, the sovereign Filipino
people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a
The Fifth Republic of the Philippines was established in just and humane society and
1987 with the formal proclamation and ratification of the establish a Government that
1987 Philippine Constitution. shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the
This new constitution was drafted in 133 days by an common good, conserve and
appointed Constitutional Commission of 48 members develop our patrimony, and
and ratified by the people in a plebiscite held on secure to ourselves and our
February 2, 1987. It was largely modeled on the posterity the blessings of
American Constitution which had so greatly influenced
the 1935 Constitution. independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a
regime of truth, justice, freedom,
established a representative democracy with power
divided among three separate and independent love, equality, and peace, do
branches of government: the Executive, a bicameral ordain and promulgate this
Legislature, and the Judiciary. Constitution.
ELECTION

Is an important political exercise by which


citizens select individuals who will occupy
positions in the government.

gives the official the legitimacy to wield power


and authority and “establish a government”.

Legitimacy also stems from the acceptance of


the government by its citizens and its
recognition by other nations.
Presidential
(Philippines and US)
Parliamentary
1. Members of executive and 1.People elect members of the
legislative branches are parliament
elected into office

2. The President appoint members 2. Appoint the Prime minister from


of the cabinet who will constitute the political party that obtained the
the “government” majority vote.

Elected officials who are appointed to


cabinet posts must vacate their elected 3. PM selects cabinet officials from
positions before becoming members of elected members of the parliament.
the cabinet.

In the Philippines, Vice-president is The cabinet ministers constitute the


the only elected official who may be “new government” which is
appointed a secondary position as a accountable to the parliament.
cabinet official.
Government may also be formed through
a military coup, a revolution foreign
occupation or other means to replace an
existing government. However,…
1. It lack legitimacy and find it difficult to gain the recognition of
other nations.
2. Officials who gain power through violent means deal with
opposition from various sectors of society.
Thus, these governments attempt to gain legitimacy
through ELECTIONS OR CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTIONS to acquire recognition and acceptance.

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