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Lecture 6 Composite Columns

This document discusses the design of composite columns subjected to axial and bending loads. It presents three types of composite columns and requirements for concrete encasement. Design includes checking the wall thickness, steel ratio, stresses due to axial and bending loads, and calculating the modified yield strength, modified Young's modulus, and allowable compressive stress based on the slenderness ratio. An example is provided to demonstrate checking the stresses in a composite column subjected to both axial force and bending moment.

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abdelrahman emad
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162 views

Lecture 6 Composite Columns

This document discusses the design of composite columns subjected to axial and bending loads. It presents three types of composite columns and requirements for concrete encasement. Design includes checking the wall thickness, steel ratio, stresses due to axial and bending loads, and calculating the modified yield strength, modified Young's modulus, and allowable compressive stress based on the slenderness ratio. An example is provided to demonstrate checking the stresses in a composite column subjected to both axial force and bending moment.

Uploaded by

abdelrahman emad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Composite Columns

Lecture 6
Presented by:
Dr. Sherine Swelem
Types of Composite Columns
(1) Hot rolled section encased in concrete

(2) Built up section encased in concrete

(3) Concrete filled hollow steel tubes


( Rectangular or Circular)
Requirements
• Concrete Strength: 250 ≤ Fcu ≤ 500 kg/cm2

• Concrete encasement should be reinforced by


longitudinal bars and stirrups to prevent
concrete spalling.

• Concrete cover over stirrups and longitudinal


bars ≥ 4 cm
• Spacing of stirrups is the smaller of:
(i) Spacing of stirrups ≤ 2/3 h1 (h1 is the least
dimension of the composite section)
(ii) Spacing of stirrups ≤ 30 cm

• The cross sectional area of lateral ties


(stirrups) and longitudinal bars shall be at
least 0.02 cm2 per cm of bar spacing.
Local buckling of concrete filled tubes

• To avoid local buckling for concrete filled


tubes the minimum wall thickness should
be as follows:
(1) For rectangular tubes filled with
concrete:

tmin = b2 (Fy/3Es)1/2

where:

b2 is the larger side


of column
(2) For circular tubes filled with
concrete:

tmin = D (Fy/8Es)1/2

where:

D is the diameter of
column
Cross sectional area of Steel Section As

As = Cross sectional area of steel section

Ag = Gross column area

As ≥ 4 % Ag
(i) For concrete encased steel section
• Ag = h1 x h2

• As = Area of I-steel
section

• As ≥ 0.04 Ag
(ii)For concrete filled rectangular tube
• Ag = b1 x b2

• As = b1 b2 – (b1 – 2t)( b2 – 2t)

• As ≥ 0.04 Ag
(iii)For concrete filled circular tube
• Ag = πD2/4

• As = πD2/4 – π(D-2t)2/4

• As ≥ 0.04 Ag
Design of Composite Column
subjected to Axial Compressive
Force
(1) Actual Compressive Stress Fca
• The Actual Compressive Stress Fca is calculated
due to the axial force acting on the steel
section only.

Fca = N/As

where:
As = Area of steel section
N = Actual compressive stress
(2) Allowable Compressive Axial
Stress Fc

• The Allowable Compressive Axial Stress Fc for


symmetric axially loaded composite columns
shall be computed from the following
formulas:
• For inelastic buckling λ ≤ 100:

Fc = Fym (0.58 – α Fym λmax2)

• For elastic buckling λ ≥ 100:

Fc = 3.57 Em / λmax2

where: λ = slenderness ratio = Lb /r


Fym , Em , α

Fym = Fy + c1 Fyr (Ar/As) + c2 Fcu (Ac/As)

Em = Es + c3 Ec (Ac/As)

α = (0.58 x 104 Fym – 3.57 Em)/(Fym x 104)2


Where:
• Fym = Modified yield stress in t/cm2
• Fy = Yield stress of steel section in t/cm2
• Fyr = Yield stress of longitudinal reinforcing
bars in t/cm2
• Fcu = Compressive Strength of concrete after
28 days in t/cm2
• Em = Modified Young's Modulus in t/cm2
• Es = Young's Modulus of steel in t/cm2
• Ec = Young's Modulus of concrete in t/cm2
• As = Area of steel section or tube in cm2

• Ar = Area of longitudinal reinforcement bars in


cm2

• Ac = Area of concrete in cm2 excluding As and Ar


• c1, c2 and c3 = numerical coefficient taken as
follows:

• For concrete encased sections:


c1 = 0.70, c2 = 0.48, c3 = 0.20

• For concrete filled tubes:


c1 = 1.0, c2 = 0.68, c3 = 0.40
• λmax = Slenderness ratio = Lbmax/rm

• rm = Radius of gyration of steel shape

• Lbmax = Maximum Buckling length of Lbx and Lby

• Lbx = kx L

• Lby = ky L
• rm =

For Concrete Encased Steel Shapes:


• rm ≥ 0.3 x width of composite column in the
plane of bending

rx ≥ 0.3 a
ry ≥ 0.3 b
Example (1)
Given:
• Fcu = 300 kg/cm2, st.52 for steel section
• Steel Reinforcement of column is 4 Ø 12
• St.52 is used for steel reinforcement
• Length of column is 6.0 m
• The column is laterally braced (cross bracing)
Required:
• Check the column CD shown in figure for a
compressive axial force P = 100 t
Buckling length of column
• In x- direction (in plane):
CD is a pendulum support, therefore k = 1
Lbx = 6.0 m

• In y- direction (out of plane):


Due to x-bracing, k =1
Lby = 6.0 m
Properties of section
• As = 53.8 cm2 (IPE 300)
• Ar = 4 x 1.13 = 4.52 cm2
• Ac = 40 x 30 – 53.8 – 4.52 = 1141.7 cm2

For IPE 300:


rx = 12.46 cm ry = 3.35 cm
• 0.3 a = 0.3 (40) = 12 cm
• rx = 12.46 cm > 12 cm O.K
• Taken rx = 12.46 cm

• 0.3 b = 0.3 (30) = 9 cm


• ry = 3.35 cm < 9 cm Not O.K
• Taken ry = 0.3 b = 9 cm
Calculation of Fc
• λx = Lbx / rx = 600/12.46 = 48.1

• λy = Lby / ry = 600/9 = 66.6

• λmax = 66.6 < 100


Fym
Fym = Fy + c1 Fyr (Ar/As) + c2 Fcu (Ac/As)

= 3.6 + 0.7 x 3.6 x (4.52/53.8) + 0.48 x 0.3


x (1141.7/53.8)

= 3.6 + 0.21 + 3.06

= 6.87 t/cm2
Em
Em = Es + c3 Ec (Ac/As)

= 2100 + 0.2 x 240 x (1141.7/53.8)

= 3118.6 t/cm2
α
α = (0.58 x 104 Fym – 3.57 Em)/(Fym x 104)2

= (0.58 x 104 x 6.87 – 3.57 x 3118.6)/(6.87 x 104)2

= 6.1 x 10-6
Fc
Fc = Fym (0.58 – α Fym λmax2)

= 6.87 x [ 0.58 – 6.1 x 10-6 x 6.87 (66.6)2]

= 2.7 t/cm2
Check of Stresses
Fca = N/As = 100/53.8

= 1.85 t/cm2 < Fc = 2.7 t/cm2 O.K

Capacity of section = Fc x As

= 2.7 x 53.8 = 145.2 t


Design of Composite Column
subjected to Axial Compressive
Force and Bending Moment
• Composite members subjected to axial
compression force and bending moment must
satisfy the following equation:

+ A1 + A2 ≤ 1.0
Where:
• Fca = Actual compressive stress due to axial
force computed on steel section only
Fca = N/As

• fbcx = Actual compressive bending stresses


about x-axis neglecting the composite action
fbcx = Mx/Zx

• fbcy = Actual compressive bending stresses


about y-axis neglecting the composite action
fbcy = My/Zy
• Fc = Allowable compressive stress computed as
before in the case of axially loaded member

• Fy = Yield stress of steel section

• 0.72 Fy = Allowable compressive bending


stress for x and y axes
• A1 = Cmx / (1 – fca/Femx) ≥ 1.0

• A2 = Cmy / (1 – fca/Femy) ≥ 1.0

• If fca / Fc < 0.15 A1 = A2 = 1.0

• Femx = Modified elastic buckling stress in x direction


• Femy = Modified elastic buckling stress in y direction

• Femx = 3.57 Em / λx2

• Femy = 3.57 Em / λy2


Cmx , Cmy
• Cmx , Cmy = Moment modification factors

(a) For Frames permitted to sway:


• Cm = 0.85

(b) For Frames prevented from sway with


transverse lateral loading between supports:
• Cm = 0.85 for members with fixed support

• Cm = 1.0 for members with hinged support


(c) For Frames prevented from sway without
transverse lateral loading between supports:
• Cm = 0.6 – 0.4 (M1/M2) ≥ 0.4

Where: M2 > M1

• The ratio (M1/M2) is positive for reverse


curvature bending and vice versa.

• If M1 = 0 , Cm = 0.6
Column Buckling Length
• It is very important to determine the buckling
length of the column in plane and out of
plane.

• The position of the cross section of the


column determines the buckling length in x- or
y-direction.
Column Buckling Length

• Lb in = Lbx
• Lb out = Lby

• Lb in = Lby
• Lb out = Lbx
Column Buckling Length
For Column AB, CD
• Lb out = Lby = L
(ky =1)
• Lb in = Lbx = kx * L

For Column AB, CD


• Lb out = Lby = L/2
(ky = 0.5)
• Lb in = Lbx = kx * L
Effective Buckling Length of Columns in Rigid Frames
Effective Buckling Length of Columns in Rigid Frames

• For Column AB:


• If Column AB and Girder BC
have the same cross section:
IxAB = IxBC = I
GB = 10 (Hinged support)
• If AB = 5 m , BC = 20 m
𝐼/𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐼/5
GA = = =4
𝐼/𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝐼/20
• From chart: kx = 2.5
• Lbx = 2.5 * 5 = 12.5 m
Effective Buckling Length of Columns in Rigid Frames

• For Column AB:


• If all Columns and Girders
have the same cross section:
IxAB = IxBE = IxBC = I
GB = 10 (Hinged support)
• If AB = BE = 5 m , BC = 20 m
𝐼/𝐿𝐴𝐵 + 𝐼/𝐿𝐵𝐸 𝐼/5 + 𝐼/5
GA = = =2
𝐼/𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝐼/20
• From chart: kx = 2.1
• Lbx = 2.1 * 5 = 10.5 m
Example (2)
Given:
• Steel of the steel section is st.37
• The steel reinforcement is 4 Ø 16
• Reinforcement steel is st.52
• Concrete strength Fcu = 300 kg/cm2
• The length of column is 4.0 m and it is laterally
braced (cross bracing)
• Consider k = 2 for buckling about x-axis
Loading:

• N = 200 t (compression)
• Mx = 30 t.m

Required:

• Check the normal stresses for the shown


composite column
(1) Check of wall thickness to avoid local
buckling:

• tmin =

= 0.976 ≈ 1.0 cm
(2) Check of steel ratio (As/Ag) :

• Ag = b1 x b2 = 40 x 50 = 2000 cm2

• As = b1 b2 – (b1 – 2t) (b2 – 2t)


= 2000 – (40 – 2 x 1.2)(50 – 2 x 1.2)
= 2000 – (37.6 x 47.6)
= 210.24 cm2

• As/Ag = 210.24/2000 = 10.5 % > 4 % O.K


(3) Calculation of the properties of steel section:

• As = 210.24 cm2

• Ix = 40(50)3/12 – 37.6(47.6)3/12 = 78736 cm4

• Zx = 78736/25 = 3149.4 cm3

• rx = = = 19.35 cm
• Iy = 50(40)3/12 – 47.6(37.6)3/12 = 55809 cm4

• Zy = 55809/20 = 2790.5 cm3

• ry = = = 16.3 cm
(4) Calculation of actual compressive Fca
and bending stress fbcx :

• Fca = N/As = 200/210.24 = 0.95 t/cm2

• fbcx = Mx / Zx = 30 x 100/3149.4 = 0.95 t/cm2


(5) Calculation of Fc :
• Lbx = kx x L = 2 x 4.0 = 8.0 m

• Lby = ky x L = 1 x 4.0 = 4.0 m

• λx = 800 / 19.35 = 41.3

• λy = 400 / 16.3 = 24.5

• λmax = 41.3 < 100

• Fc = Fym (0.58 – α Fym λmax2)


• Ar = 4 Ø 16 = 4 x 2.0 = 8.0 cm2

• Ac = Ag – (As + Ar)
= 2000 – (210.24 + 8.0)
= 1781.76 cm2
Fym
• Fym = Fy + c1 Fyr (Ar/As) + c2 Fcu (Ac/As)

= 2.4 + 1 x 3.6 (8/210.24) + 0.68 x 0.3


x(1781.76/210.24)

= 2.4 + 0.14 + 1.73

= 4.27 t/cm2
Em
• Em = Es + c3 Ec (Ac/As)

= 2100 + 0.4 x 240 (1781.76/210.24)

= 2913.6 t/cm2
α

• α=

= 7.9 x 10-6
Fc

• Fc = Fym (0.58 – α Fym λmax2)

= 4.27 x [ 0.58 – 7.9 x 10-6 x 4.27 (41.3)2 ]

= 2.23 t/ cm2
(6) Check of axial compression and
bending stresses:

• + A1 ≤ 1.0

• Fca/Fc = 0.95/2.23 = 0.43 > 0.15

• A1 = Cmx / (1 – fca/Femx)
• Femx = 3.57 Em / λx2
= 3.57 x 2913.6/(41.3)2
= 6.1 t/cm2

• Cmx = 0.85

• A1 = Cmx / (1 – fca/Femx)
= 0.85/[1 – (0.95/6.1)]
= 1.0 O.K
• + A1 =

0.43 + x1=

0.98 < 1 O.K


Thank you

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