Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Taking down notes became an integral part to students’ lives in order for

their learnings to stay in their minds considering it as a long-term memory. In

schools, it is one of the effective ways on how learners attain educational

satisfaction by learning and reviewing the lessons taught in their school. Taking

notes using a technology instead of in longhand is getting familiar (Mueller et. al,

2014) in today’s generation; as modernization progresses day by day. Students

tend to use their cellphones especially during classes to take photos of the slides

presentation and typing what they’ve seen and heard on their cellphones while

their educators are discussing the lessons.

Styles in notetaking became an issue in some schools since teachers and

institutions itself do not allow cellphones while conducting classes. Some studies

presented the use of technology such as laptops in recording notes. It was found

out that laptop note takers can recall and obtain information that makes them

achieve satisfaction in learning (Bui et. al, 2013). However, better quality in terms

of paraphrasing and illustrating during the notetaking process results to a more

substantial product while writing in class since it engages note takers to gain more

knowledge through listening while writing (Mueller et. al, 2014). Thus, notetakings

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

significantly help students on how to learn in their own way with long-lasting and

ease strategy (Wan-Chen et. al, 2014).

Learning styles are a person's preferred method in learning based on their

strengths and weaknesses. Hence, doing this in different styles such as longhand

and cellphone notetaking gives substantial impact towards the educational

productivity of students. In line with this, learners need to know how styles differ in

terms of its convenience to achieve more especially students in Tandag National

Science High School. With the use of digital communication tools, influence will

continue in practicing own way of learning of the students (Kuznekoff et. al, 2013).

That’s why this study brought up to determine how the said types of notetaking

affect the productivity of students in education.

In educational use and success, taking note is of uttermost importance. By

comparison, the role of ancient or longhand with the cellphone notetaking, the

researchers examined the potency, advantages and importance of the above-

stated two ways in taking down notes. This study also measured the better and

more convenient way for the students of Tandag National Science High School to

be productive educationally, this would give benefit to everyone and become a tool

to progress the world.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Theoretical Framework

Students have different learning styles. To support some details in this

study, it is anchored to the following theories:

In the mid-1980s, theory and research on Self-Regulated Academic

Learning by Barry Zimmerman in 2013 came out to convey the question of how

students become masters of their own learning processes. Either mental skill or

academic performance skill, self-directive procedures which learners change their

mental abilities into task-related academic skills is what self-regulation referring to.

As a result of teaching experiences, this approach views learning as an activity

that students do for themselves in a dynamic way, rather than as a secret event

that happens to them reactively.

This helped the researchers’ study as it suggests learners to know how their

medium of learning can turn them into a productive student. Just like important it

is to know the preferred styles to obtain knowledge. Moreover, the comfortability

on how the student learn supports in order to choose the preferred technique. In

other words, knowing people’s own strategy of learning is a factor in achieving a

productive educational attainment.

Moreover, Learning of Mobile Age Theory further supported the study. It

was stated that mobile phones and media devices are used by most of the people

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

in some developing countries. Handheld Technology is for obtaining knowledge as

a writing tool. It was experimented by the 1980’s schools, colleges and universities.

It is a parallel development to the spread of technology. That’s why gadgets are

allowed for lectures and even provided in some schools.

People of today are influenced with the existence of technology. By means

of learning, it can be applied as a tool for attaining knowledge. In line with this,

people are into what is known to be more convenient. In other words, some people

are being attached to the trends and settled to what is much easier. Therefore,

self-perception can be affected by the good effect that the technology has brought

to people.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Conceptual Framework

1. Demographic Profile of
the Respondents
a. Age

b. Sex
Demographic Profile of the
c. Grade Level
Respondents
d. Preferred taking
Impact of Longhand and
1.1. style
Sex(either Cellphone Notetaking
towards Educational
1.2. longhand
Grade Level
or Productivity

cellphone)

Figure 1.
Schematic Diagram of the Study

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

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In the first box, the demographic profile of students in Tandag National

Science High School is enclosed. The demographic profile is divided in terms of

sex and grade level and preferred notetaking style (either longhand or cellphone).

They can be seen on the left side by which the independent variables could not be

changed. These variables are manipulated to determine the value of the

dependent variable in the next box.

The dependent variable of the study which is the impact of longhand and

cellphone notetaking towards educational productivity of students is shown in the

second box. It varies depending on the response of the students regarding the

topic. It was also measured in an experiment and the independent variables served

as the inputs to the measurement. The researchers distinguished the said

notetaking styles of the respondents can make an impact towards their educational

productivity.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted in order to determine the preferred notetaking

style of Tandag National Science High School students in learning lessons

efficiently. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Sex; and

1.2. Grade Level

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

2. What is the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking towards educational

productivity of students from Tandag National Science High School?

3. Is there a significant difference between the demographic profile of the

respondents and the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking towards

educational productivity of Tandag National Science High School students?

4. Is there a significant difference between the impact of longhand notetaking and

the impact of cellphone notetaking?

5. What is the preferred notetaking style of Tandag National Science High School

students?

Null Hypotheses

This study was guided with the following hypotheses:

HO1: There is no significant difference between the demographic profile of

the respondents and the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking towards

educational productivity of Tandag National Science High School students.

HO2: There is no significant difference between the impact of longhand

notetaking and the impact of cellphone notetaking towards educational productivity

of Tandag National Science High School students.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Significance of the Study

This study sought to find the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking

towards educational productivity of the students. After we gathered all necessary

information, this would be beneficial to the following:

Department of Education. The results of this study will help this agency to

know that students learn their lessons in different ways and to limit their selves in

preventing students from using cellphones in class.

Teachers. They will be able to know what the students’ preference in

studying their lessons well depends upon the person and not all the time, the

students will use their gadgets to acquire more knowledge.

Students. They would be aware that in learning their lessons, it is not only

the traditional way of taking down notes in order to be productive. Also, in order for

them to know that there are better ways of learning through this survey.

Future researchers. The results of this study will be a source of information

of another research study. Also, this can be a source of information in formulating

new ideas related to notetaking styles of students.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study was focused on determining the preferred notetaking style of the

students of Tandag National Science High School. This includes the impact of

longhand and cellphone notetaking and the significant difference between the

demographic profile of the respondents and the impacts of the said notetaking

styles toward the educational productivity of the students. Also, the significant

difference between the impact of longhand notetaking and the impact of cellphone

notetaking was found. Students are known to be unique in their own ways. Thus,

it also aimed to compare on which among longhand and cellphone notetaking was

generally better and convenient in studying the lessons effectively for TNSHS

students.

This research study was conducted at Tandag National Science High

School. The distribution of questionnaires to the respondents was done right after

getting the approval from the School Principal. The gathering of data was

conducted in the month of January.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Definition of Terms

The terms listed below were operationally defined to have a better

understanding and to be clear to the readers the words used by the researchers.

Cellphone Notetaking. Students’ way of saving their notes with the use of

cellphone.

Educational Productivity. The act which deals about the improvement of

the knowledge of a certain person in terms of educational purposes. When

students really understand and comprehend what they learned and reviewed from

their lessons well.

Longhand Notetaking. Students’ way of jotting down their notes in a

handwritten way.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the literature and studies done prior to this research.

This provides the background and the current issues related to the research topic.

It also offered enrichment to the basic concepts being established in this research.

Related Literatures

Foreign

Every student is unique. Thus, they have different goals, different ways in

surviving school and most especially, different learning styles. In learning, students

do it for their goals for them to be productive. Getting a clear view of what to

achieve can make the possibilities high to succeed. As Educational Productivity

Theory by Herbert J. Walberg stated, in order to increase educational productivity

and efficiency, educational process goals as well as achievement goals must be

considered.

Knowing what’s best for the student can improve their capabilities in order

to perform better at school. Educational process goals are interpreted to include

student perceptions of the social environment, creativity, self-concept, participation

in extra-curricular activities, and interest in subject matter (Walberg, 2019).

Learners use different medium in order to keep notes for their selves. This medium

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

might be their way that they feel efficiency and easiness in studying their lessons

well.

However, some teachers’ perceptions regarding students’ way of taking

down notes abate them from continuing their comfortability in learning. Failing to

recognize or not giving attention to this can have make things go downhill. Ignoring

these perceptions and experiences in favor of traditional goals measured by test

scores will decrease motivation and ultimately lower educational achievement.

Many educational experiments and psychological theories of education failed to

produce desired educational outcomes because they did not clearly identify,

define, and measure educational variables (Sánchez-Martínez and Otero, 2009).

In the 21st century, technologies kicked in the world of education which

became a vital tool for students to learn. According to Kuznekoff and Titsworth

(2013) given the many possible ways that digital communication tools like

smartphones, where scholars should enact research to understand how these

tools impact classroom communication and subsequent learning outcomes and it

will continue to influence practices of teaching and learning. Having the access of

technologies for educational purposes has its share of positive impact but it also

has a flip side. Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) wrote that their immediate mental

function is perceived to be deficient if students take notes with a laptop instead of

usually with a pen and paper.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Since technology not only decreases task quality in recall and recognition

skills, but also shortens attention spans (Linnell et al., 2013). As it is known that

students nowadays rely on their phones that might also lead to negative drawbacks

towards their appetite in learning. But according to Oppenheimer (2014), more

verbatim lecture strings than longhand notes found in laptop notes. With this,

students may get adequate information being discussed by their teacher. Thus,

both laptop and longhand note takers has its differences. By writing lecture ideas

word for word, note takers approach to technologies as a non-generative

transcription process, while longhand notetakers approached notetaking as a

generative method by writing lecture ideas in one's own language (Oppenheimer,

2014).

Local

Individuals have their own different preference in gaining knowledge that

can make learning easier. Learning style refers to the fact that each student has

his or her own system or collection of learning strategies (Gokalp, 2013). Students

do not have the same level of comfortability in terms of learning lessons. Some

prefer writing in their own words while some want verbatim ones. Hence, Dzung

and Florea (2012) have described learning styles as a complex process for

individual learners to acquire information effectively for it needs to be discovered

very well since knowledge must be processed and marked to the mind to last long.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Learning styles are proven to be highly beneficial for the learners. Ghaedi

and Jam (2019) describe learning styles as improvements in the use of one or

more senses to understand, organize and maintain experiences between learners.

It needs to undergo developments in order to know the most effective ways that

would suggest other learners to try other strategies.

In today’s generation, smartphones are used by students around the world.

It often used as an instrument in connecting people and spreading information, as

well as gaining it. According to Samaha and Hawi (2016), devices such as

smartphones are described by the owner as helpful rather than annoying,

connecting rather than distracting and represents freedom rather than functioning

as a leash. Phones are pocket-friendly. It could be brought anywhere that gives

students an opportunity to learn ubiquitously as long as their notes are taken in

their gadgets.

The most widely used medium in Asia and has major educational

implications is the cellphone. In this modern society, imposing technological

access for learning is favored by the youth. The studies have yielded positive

reactions from students and trainees about the potential of these techniques and

are suggesting design and logistical principles for use in educational cellphone

implementation. In other words, students tend to type verbatim, but when typing, it

needs to be sorted out for shorter, clearer and better understanding because there

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

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is more time to listen. Yet despite these positive impacts, academic performance

will become worse if students will use their smartphones during class to enhance

their ability to concentrate (Samaha and Hawi, 2016).

Longhand writing is worthwhile and efficacious in academic attainment.

According to Borreli L. (2014), those who hand write notes say that it allows

flexibility and power, with the ability to include different formats and annotations

that are often restricted by word processing formats. This can boost up their

potential and capacity as a student. Moreover, Recuenco A., et.al (2016) found

that handwriting by practice leads to higher quality learning because writing is a

better strategy for storing and internalizing ideas. And that leads to satisfaction

after understanding information and concepts as students can recall it in their own

words.

Related Studies

Foreign

Some researchers investigated its relationship to academic performance is

limited although the usage of cellphone is often to be on hand while college

students are studying in class. Sánchez-Martínez and Otero (2009) used a self-

reported monthly cellphone expenses and frequency of use data to identify

determined cellphone users in a large sample of Spanish high school students in

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

the early study of the phenomenon. In this study, intensive cellphone use resulted

into negative behaviors. They might be unfocused as students listen to their

educators while jotting down notes because of some app distractors and

typographical mistakes. Hence, classifying the negative relationship between

texting, and self-reported grade point average (GPA) among students is indeed a

need for the respondents to be aware of its consequences when technologies are

not used very well (Jacobsen and Forste, 2011).

Cellphones enable also users to access any form of electronic media

anytime and anywhere. Using social media and having easy access the vast

amount of video games is now easily accomplished in most cellphones. With these

opportunities, students might feel sidetracked from studying as they play games.

For example, too much use of videogames had been associated with lower GPAs

(Jackson et.al, 2011). Nevertheless, phones are not only working for games and

other recreational use. The educational state of learners depends on how they use

technologies for their own good. As what Chen and Tzeng (2010) discovered

among internet users, the information seekers have better academic performance

than video game players.

On the other hand, longhand writing gave a better understanding and gave

new or improved skills. Handwritten notes encouraged deeper processing and

long-term retention of content and it also favors paraphrasing rather than trying to

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

write accurately of what the instructor is saying (Friedman, 2014). Using

vocabularies that are already familiar to the students, they will easily recall what

the teachers said and what they wrote as to what they have jotted on their notes.

In the context of factors affecting the educational productivity, age changed

the skill of a student. As stated in the study of Koh and Lim (2012), the impact on

academic performance when in a university computer science course an online

tool for collaborative work was used. The average age of the students in the course

was 21.18 – students in the class ranged from 18 to 26 years of age. The

researchers found that as the students’ age rises, so did the grade of the student

on the final project. This study supports the thesis that when web-based tools are

used in a course, older students score higher than younger students on academic

performance measures.

A notetaking lecture style has advantages. The students use three senses

to interpret the content when writing: sight, sound, and touch. Notes also give the

students later study materials for planning for assessment. Nevertheless, this

approach has several difficulties: some students write very slowly, and the teacher

and other students have to wait while those students write down the information;

some students are so intent on writing what is projected on the screen that they

cannot listen to the teacher; and some students may have trouble creating notes

that are useful at a later time (Quintus et.al, 2012).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Local

Learners’ strategies in studying is indeed significant to know the value of

preferred notetaking style. Some studies describe the importance of notetaking to

those who take and do not take notes and share the favorable and unfavorable

experiences of the students (Parantar A., 2013). There is a difference that revealed

from those who are eager to write and those who captures information. The

advantages of longhand writing, and typewriting were explored in a report by Lyle

(2011). Doing the latter part of the benefits were included recording more of what

was said during conversations while still being able to participate in the class

because students who choose to type their notes can write quickly and correctly,

they can engage in the subject physically without worrying about getting back to

their notes.

Notetaking is very important for the students to learn their lessons

effectively. Thus, using their notes as their own documents will help them to excel

in class. Magulod G. Jr. (2019) examined the students enrolled in applied science

courses of Cagayan State University at Lasam, Philippines to their learning style

preferences, study habits and level of academic achievement. However,

notetaking and reading is the best predictor of students’ academic performance.

First year college student needs to improve their academic performance by

developing the habit of studying their lessons, reading, and taking down notes

(Quinco-cadosales M. N., 2013).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Synthesis

Notetaking is very essential nowadays especially in the students. It has a

big contribution in terms of academic purposes enable them to build a higher

quality of learning. Through the relationship between the academic performance

of each students by using longhand and cellphone notetaking, it has a big impact

in analyzing whether it is better to use phones in gathering the topics rather than

pen and paper.

The literatures and studies aimed to know the differences and impacts in

the side of academic function strategies in storing and internalizing ideas by writing

lecture ideas word by word or capturing it through smartphones. The literature and

studies that are shown served as a proof to support some details in interpreting

the data. They are anchored in a way that learning styles of students are being

affected by some factors including the demographic profile and such.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter established the practicability of the study. It presents and

discusses the Research Design, Research Locale, Research Respondents,

Sampling Design, Research Instrument, Validation of the Instrument, Data

Gathering Procedure, and the Statistical Treatment that were used for the study.

Research Design

This study used the quantitative research design with the use of descriptive

survey method. It is primarily concerned with describing all the information to be

gathered from the respondents of this study with regards to the aim which is

determining the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking towards the

educational productivity of Tandag National Science High School students.

Research Locale

This study was conducted within Tandag National Science High School

campus, which is in Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City. It is 6.5 kilometers via

Surigao-Davao coastal road and Airport road. Its population increases year by year

and as of school year 2019-2020, it has a number of 701 students studying in the

said institution. Knowing that students in TNSHS are exposed to advance

technologies like cellphones and are competitive enough in academics keeping

down their notes in different ways, the researchers wanted to gather the needed

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

data in this school for the reason of identifying about the students’ preference to

their chosen materials in terms of notetaking.

Research Respondents

The chosen respondents of this study were the students from Grade 7 to

Grade 12 who are officially enrolled in Tandag National Science High School for

the school year 2019-2020. The table below presents the percentage distribution

of the respondents in detail.

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents

Grade level Population No. of Respondents

Grade 7 60 22

Grade 8 47 17

Grade 9 42 15

Grade 10 22 8

Grade 11 302 110

Grade 12 228 83

TOTAL 701 255

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

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The table presented the population of Tandag National Science High School

at the center; and the number of respondents that was chosen for the study. Total

number of population and respondents are also shown above.

Sampling Procedure

The sample of this study was drawn from the total population of Tandag

National Science High School. The whole population of the said school as depicted

on the table above is 701 where 255 of them were chosen and included in the

sample student population. The researchers used the random sampling. Out of

255 respondents, 22 or 8.56% of which was drawn from Grade 7, 17 or 6.70% are

from Grade 8, 15 or 5.99% are from Grade 9 students, 8 or 3.13% of are from

Grade 10, 110 or 43.08% are from 11th grade while 83 or 32.52% was chosen from

Grade 12 students.

Research Instrument

The major tool that the researchers used in gathering data was the

questionnaire; specifically, a researcher made. It was composed of two parts in

which the second part of it was also divided into two.

The first part consists of finding personal or demographic profile of the

respondents. This includes their sex and grade level. The second part presented

the impacts of notetaking toward students’ educational productivity. The first

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

division was about longhand notetaking and the second division is about cellphone

notetaking which has 10 declarative statements each answerable by the ratings:

strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.

Validation of the Instrument

Since the researchers used a researcher-made questionnaire, thus it was

necessary to undergo face and content validation coming from five (5) experts in

the field of research. Their comments, recommendations and suggestions were

merged accordingly to come up with the final questionnaire. The said instrument

was then brought back to the validators for final validation after the corrections

were applied.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, the

researchers asked first for the approval of the school principal to allow the

researchers conduct the study. After which, the researchers personally

administered the questionnaires to the respondents while providing them with

simple, correct and exact instructions to avoid confusion. Then, the questionnaires

were collected after answering.

Afterwards, the researchers then tallied and computed the data that were

collected. After which, they interpreted and analyzed the data gathered during the

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

survey. Then, the researchers inferred based on the data that they have

accumulated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After the respondents answered the questionnaire, data was tallied and

treated with the following statistical treatments:

Frequency Count and Percentage. This tool was used to display the data

that specifies the percentage of observations that exist for each data point or

grouping of data points. It also determined the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of sex and grade level.

Weighted mean. This was used to determine the impact of longhand and

cellphone notetaking towards educational productivity.

ANOVA. Analysis of Variance was used to determine the significant

difference between the demographic profile and the impact of longhand and

cellphone notetaking towards students’ educational productivity. Also, this was

used in determining if there was a significant difference between the impact of

longhand notetaking and the impact of cellphone notetaking towards students’

educational productivity.

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 Republic of the Philippines
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TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered in the study. It is comprised of the

presentation, analysis and interpretation of data in which it is discussed and

presented through tables and explanations. The arrangement of presentation is in

accordance to the problems being presented in the first chapter of the study.

Table 2.1
Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 88 34.51
Female 167 65.49

Table 2.1 reveals the demographic profile of the respondents in which out

of 255 respondents of this study, one hundred sixty-seven (167) are female

garnering 65.49% of the population, while eighty-eight (88) are male containing

only 34.51%. From this result, it is evident that there are more female student

respondents in the locale than males during the conduct of the study.

Moreover, the table implies that sex affects how respondents think

regarding their ways to become more productive educationally. Sex can be

considered to become one of the bases as to how males and female make

strategies in acquiring the knowledge, they are supposed to get for satisfaction in

their learnings (Parantar, 2013).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 2.2
Demographic Profile of the Respondents as to Grade Level

Grade Level Frequency Percentage (%)

Grade 7 22 8.63
Grade 8 17 6.67
Grade 9 15 5.88
Grade 10 8 3.14
Grade 11 110 43.14
Grade 12 83 32.55

Results above indicate that majority of the respondents came from Grade

11 tallying one hundred ten (110) students, followed by Grade 12 having eighty-

three (83) in frequency. Meanwhile, only few of the respondents are coming from

Grade 10 totaling eight (8) out of 255 respondents in this study.

With these, it further says the level of difficulty in learning lessons from

school leaves a mark that could eventually influence the way students adjust to the

topics being provided to them. The curriculum of K-12 requires great effort for

survival. Besides, students are greatly affected the school they are entering. The

newer they are to the school, the bigger the adjustments they are acting unto it to

ensure the endurance of their skills and abilities in the techniques being applied by

their new teachers and the influence of peers they are surrounded within the same

institution (Ghaedi & Jam, 2019).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 3.1
Impact of Longhand Notetaking towards Students’ Educational Productivity

Weighted Adjectival
Indicator
Mean Description
1. I can easily review my lessons because it is
3.87 Agree
accessible.
2. Longhand notetaking betters my ability to focus. 3.86 Agree
3. I believe that when I’m writing my notes, it
4.04 Agree
extends my attention span.
4. I can easily remember the things that I wrote. 3.93 Agree
5. There is learning retention when notes are in
4.05 Agree
handwritten.
6. Writing notes enhances my vocabulary. 3.93 Agree
7. Longhand notetaking expands my ability to form
3.80 Agree
concepts easily.
8. Notetaking by hand can help me improve my
3.97 Agree
organization skills.
9. Longhand notetaking helps me develop a deep
form of cognitive processing by writing only the 3.96 Agree
important details from the discussion.
10. I have the chance to raise my grades by
longhand notetaking because teachers utilize it 3.81 Agree
as a requirement.
Overall Mean 3.92 Agree

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

It has been exposed in table 2.1 the impact of longhand notetaking towards

students’ educational productivity. The bulk of the respondents agreed that

longhand notetaking has a lot to help to improve their intellectual flexibility. With

the highest weighted mean of 4.05, notes that are handwritten can benefit them

preserve the lessons within their mind. It can be easily recalled that aids them to

add more stock knowledge in the future.

With this activity too, it can be understood that writing down notes using

pens and papers is of great help where it links with other aspects to enhance.

Hence, respondents in majority agreed with a positive impact of longhand

notetaking to make students productive in educational purposes.

Longhand writing is worthwhile and efficacious in educational attainment.

According to Borreli (2014), those who hand write notes say that it allows flexibility

and power, with the ability to include different formats and annotations that are

often restricted by word processing formats. This can boost up their potential and

capacity as a student. Moreover, handwriting by practice leads to higher quality

learning because writing is a better strategy for storing and internalizing ideas. And

that leads to satisfaction after understanding information and concepts as students

can recall it in their own words (Recuenco et.al, 2016).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 3.2
Impact of Cellphone Notetaking towards Students’ Educational Productivity

Weighted Adjectival
Indicator
Mean Description
1. I can learn lessons anywhere and anytime,
3.65 Agree
hassle free.
2. I can understand the lessons well if I read my
3.16 Neutral
notes in cellphone.
3. Cellphone helps to stimulate my listening skill
especially when I’m typing what the teacher is 2.95 Neutral
discussing.
4. The accuracy rate of information noted in
cellphone is high enough to help me remember 3.24 Neutral
the lesson without doubting its reliability.
5. Notes in my cellphone can lead to complete
3.29 Neutral
comprehension during recapitulation.
6. I avoid distractions when reading lessons from
my cellphone since it becomes occupied the 3.12 Neutral
moment I study.
7. Notetaking with technology eliminates the
challenges of misplacing page/s of someone’s 3.48 Agree
notes once they are shared.
8. It offers search functionality where students can
search keywords and phrases to better locate 3.64 Agree
information.
9. Cellphone notetaking helps me identify the
glaring meaning of the lessons for I can highlight 3.47 Agree
important details easily through applications.
10. I believe that with the use of my phone as a
medium in taking down my notes, my 3.16 Neutral
performance in school enhances.
Overall Mean 3.31 Neutral

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

The presented table shows how cellphone notetaking can make an impact

to the students’ educational productivity. It reveals that respondents are superior

to the neutral side of using cellphones in saving their notes.

That insinuates the balanced help of phones in education. Some students

never find it as a helpful one, but others think of it otherwise. The population of

students finds using phones in learning as hassle-free where students could learn

lessons ubiquitously whenever it has been listed down and saved for immediate

scan of topics any time, any place. Furthermore, phones’ advanced features help

students to save notes as to what longhand notetaking used to be; just like

highlighting important details.

The most widely used medium in Asia and has major educational

implications is the cellphone. In this modern society, imposing technological

access for learning is favored by the youth. Since students prefer verbatim, but

when typing in phones, it needs to be sorted out for shorter, clearer and better

understanding because there is more time to listen. Yet despite these positive

impacts, academic performance will become worse if students will use their

smartphones during class to enhance their ability to concentrate (Samaha and

Hawi, 2016).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 4.1
Significant Difference between Sex and Impact of Longhand Notetaking
towards Students’ Educational Productivity

F
Source of Sum of Degree of Mean F-
P-value critical
Variation Squares Freedom Squares value
value
Between
0.42 1 0.42 40.16 5.69E-06 4.41
Groups
Within Groups 0.19 18 0.01
Total 0.61 19

The table above shows that the computed F-value of 40.16 is greater than

the F-critical value which is 4.41. This means that there is a significant difference

between the respondent’s sex and the impact of longhand notetaking. Thus, the

null hypothesis is rejected since the F-value is greater than the F-critical value.

Based on the results, it could be inferred that the respondents’ sex can

influence on the impact of longhand notetaking of the respondents. Some students,

particularly females, find longhand notetaking helpful towards their educational

productivity.

This would generally imply that notetaking style can be affected by a

person’s sex. The way a person writes notes varies proportionally in accordance

to his/her sex. Hence, their choice is greatly affected by sex. Stereotyping could

also take place in this case where males are lazier in terms of notetaking compared

to girls (Chen & Tzeng, 2010).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 4.2
Significant Difference between Sex and Impact of Cellphone Notetaking
towards Students’ Educational Productivity

Degree F
Source of Sum of Mean F-
of P-value critical
Variation Squares Squares value
Freedom value
Between
0.45 1 0.45 7.91 0.01 4.41
Groups
Within Groups 1.02 18 0.06
Total 1.47 19

Based on the table above, it shows that the computed F-value 7.91 is

greater than the F-critical value which is 4.41. It means that the sex of the

respondents and the impact of cellphone notetaking have a significant difference.

Hence, the null hypothesis is not accepted at 0.05 significance level.

The result above could be interpreted that sexes of the respondents

influence the impact of cellphone notetaking. Meaning to say, students of different

sex took contrarily the impact of cellphone notetaking towards their educational

productivity. Thus, it conforms with the study of Borreli (2014) that sex indeed

matter in terms of the impact of cellphone notetaking. Influences by the people

surrounding them are also to be considered as a factor that might make changes

towards their educational productivity.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 4.3
Significant Difference between Grade Level and Impact of Longhand
Notetaking towards Students’ Educational Productivity

F
Source of Sum of Degree of Mean F-
P-value critical
Variation Squares Freedom Squares value
value
Between
4.99 5 1.00 28.46 5.22E-14 2.39
Groups
Within Groups 1.89 54 0.04
Total 6.88 59

Reflected on table 4.3 the computed F-value of 28.46 which is greater than

the F-critical value of 2.39. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the

grade level and the impact of long hand notetaking. The second null hypothesis is

rejected since the F-value is greater than the F-critical value with the affirmation

significant.

Based on the result, it could be interpreted that grade level can affect the

impacts of longhand notetaking. In longer terms, Grade 7 respondents have

different levels of impact of longhand notetaking as well as the variation of result

of results from the other grade levels. There may be instances where the level of

difficulty can force them to write their own notes. As the grade level increases, the

level of the lesson’s struggle also increases. Thus, different grade levels took the

impact differently (Lyle, 2011).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 4.4
Significant Difference between Grade Level and Impact of Cellphone
Notetaking towards Students’ Educational Productivity

Degree F
Source of Sum of Mean F-
of P-value critical
Variation Squares Squares value
Freedom value
Between
1.57 5 0.31 2.77 0.03 2.39
Groups
Within Groups 6.13 54 0.11
Total 7.71 59

The presented table above shows the computed F-value of 2.77 which is

greater than the F-critical value of 2.39. The corresponding result reveals that there

is a significant difference between the grade level and the impact of cellphone

notetaking. It portrays that the null hypothesis is rejected since F-critical value is

less than the F-value with the affirmation significant.

As rejected, it could be interpreted that grade level influences the impact of

cellphone notetaking and they took the impact of cellphone notetaking differently.

Not everyone perceived cellphone notetaking as a positive medium for learning

processing. The views of the respondents differ as it was analyzed through their

grade level. Difficulty of the subject matter might also affect the style in notetaking

utilized by respondents depending on their likeliness to save notes that would

eventually obtain accurate information in verbatim style. Hence, grade level does

matter upon cellphone notetaking’s impact (Maya, 2016).

34
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 5
Significant Difference between Impact of Longhand and Cellphone
Notetaking towards Students’ Educational Productivity

Degree F
Source of Sum of Mean F-
of P-value critical
Variation Squares Squares value
Freedom value
Between
1.84 1 1.84 59.52 4.09E-07 4.41
Groups
Within Groups 0.56 18 0.03
Total 2.40 19

As shown in table 5, there is a significant difference between the impact of

longhand notetaking and cellphone notetaking towards students’ educational

productivity. Since F-value of 59.52 is greater than the F-critical value of 4.41 at

5% level of significance; hence, the second null hypothesis is rejected.

Longhand notetaking has become more and more common. Even before

the emergence of technologies, notes were taken down in keeping important data

safe. Up until this time, longhand notetaking is still widely used and preferred.

Since they are already proficient enough and at the same time, they feel

comfortable when their notes are in handwritten. In notetaking, it involves senses

in order to formulate ideas within their minds: sight, sound, and touch (Quintus

et.al, 2012).

35
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Table 6
Comparison of the Impact of Longhand Notetaking and Impact of
Cellphone Notetaking Weighted Mean towards Educational Productivity

LONGHAND CELLPHONE
Indicator Weighted Adjectival Weighted Adjectival
Mean Description Mean Description
1 3.87 Agree 3.65 Agree
2 3.86 Agree 3.16 Neutral
3 4.04 Agree 2.95 Neutral
4 3.93 Agree 3.24 Neutral
5 4.05 Agree 3.29 Neutral
6 3.93 Agree 3.12 Neutral
7 3.80 Agree 3.48 Agree
8 3.97 Agree 3.64 Agree
9 3.96 Agree 3.47 Agree
10 3.81 Agree 3.16 Neutral
Overall
3.92 Agree 3.31 Neutral
Mean

Table 6 reveals the comparison of the impact of longhand notetaking and

impact of cellphone notetaking weighted mean towards educational productivity. It

is reflected that majority of the respondents prefer longhand notetaking than

cellphone notetaking with an overall mean of 3.92 and leaves an agree description.

Therefore, majority of respondents consider themselves to be more productive

when they write down their notes using a pen and paper.

36
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Handwritten notes may encourage deeper processing and long-term

retention of content where it also favors paraphrasing rather than trying to write

accurately on what the instructor is saying (Friedman, 2014). Therefore, there are

skills that can be developed using longhand notetaking strategy. These skills would

become an asset for the students to contain greater knowledge capacity in the

future.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the findings and its summary, conclusions and

recommendations of the study. The results of the interpreted data were

summarized along with the conclusions and recommendations.

Findings

After thorough interpretations and analysis of the data from the responses

of the respondents, the following findings have been drawn:

1. The researchers found out that females dominated in this study with 65.49%

out of 255 respondents. In terms of grade level, majority of the respondents

are from Grades 11 and 12 with 43.14% and 32.55% respectively.

2. The overall weighted mean for longhand notetaking was 3.92 which means,

majority of the respondents agreed with its impact towards students’

educational productivity. Meanwhile, cellphone notetaking yielded only

3.31; thus, it’s neutral.

3. There is a significant difference between the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of their sex and grade level and the impact of

longhand and cellphone notetaking towards educational productivity.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

4. With F-value 59.52 greater than F critical-value 4.41; thus, the impact of

longhand notetaking has a significant difference when analyzed by the

impact of cellphone notetaking towards students’ educational productivity.

5. Majority of the respondents preferred longhand notetaking with an overall

weighted mean of 3.92 greater than cellphone’s which is 3.31.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions have been crafted:

1. Demographic profiles can be considered to be a factor that influence the

way how the respondents create a mindset towards their own means of

learning a lesson.

2. The impact of longhand notetaking reveals an agree result out from the

survey that yielded a 3.92 weighted mean. Thus, it insinuates that lessons

will last longer through jotting down notes that would give them an

opportunity to add more stock knowledge in the future. On the other hand,

since cellphone notetaking resulted a description of neutral; hence, it can

be implied that there are advantages and disadvantages when using

cellphones as a medium to be educationally productive especially in

studying.

3. Since there is a significant difference between the demographic profile of

the respondents and the impact of longhand and cellphone notetaking, it

39
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

can be concluded that their profiles can affect and influence their preferred

notetaking style. Therefore, students’ comfortability in acquiring knowledge

differs based on their medium of preference.

4. The impact of longhand notetaking has a significant difference when

analyzed by the impact of cellphone notetaking towards students’

educational productivity. This result signals that both styles have

advantages and disadvantages that might affect the learning of students.

5. Longhand notetaking has been practiced for a long time which enabled most

of the respondents to feel comfortable and proficient in this field. The way

how students write their notes may vary but regardless of that, the goal will

be attained at the same point.

Recommendations

Based from the foregoing conclusions above, the following

recommendations are hereby proposed:

1. Students regardless of their sex and grade level may be urged to try more

notetaking styles to improve their academic status and be more

educationally productive. With this, they may be able to know more about

their comfortability in learning.

40
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

2. Learners whether they like it or not, may immerse themselves in

remembering critical points of the discussions to improve their educational

productivity through writing or typing down notes.

3. Educators may recognize how students differ where they are contented with

especially in learning to be educationally productive. They are highly

suggested to attend seminars regarding students’ attitudes as to how they

adjust and would eventually lead them create innovative ways to meet the

level of satisfaction in both teachers’ and students’ perspectives.

4. Teachers may allow students to use either longhand or cellphone during

classes but only limits to notetaking for an effective data collection while

discussions. It is also recommended that they shall wait and consider

learners who are eager in taking down notes for them to collect more

accurate notes.

5. Longhand notetaking may be promoted to students as it gives them lots of

benefits. Through this, it would be an opportunity for students to showcase

their skills in just a simple way.

41
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

References Cited

Borreli L. (2014). Why Using Pen and Paper, Not Laptops, Boosts Memory: Writing
Notes Helps Recall Concepts, Ability to Understand. Retrieved from
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boosts-memory-writing-notes-helps-recall-concepts-ability-268770
Bui, D. C., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2013). Notetaking with Computers: Exploring
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Chen, S. Y., Tzeng, J. Y. (2010). College female and male heavy Internet users’
profiles of practices and their academic grades and psychosocial
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Dzung Q, Pham & Florea, Adina Magda. (2012). An approach for detecting
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Friedman, M.C. (2014). Notes on notetaking: Review of research and insights for
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Harvard University.
Ghaedi, Z. and Jam, B. (2019). Relationship between Learning Styles and
Motivation for Higher Education in EFL Students. [online]
Semanticscholar.org. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/
paper/Relationship-between-Learning-Styles-and-Motivation-Ghaedi-Jam /
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Gokalp, M. (2013). The Effect of Students’ Learning Styles to their Academic
Success. Creative Education. 04. 627-632. 10.4236/ce.2013.410090.
Jackson, Linda & Eye, Alexander & Witt, Edward & Zhao, Yong & Fitzgerald,
Hiram. (2011). A longitudinal study of the effects of Internet use and
videogame playing on academic performance and the roles of gender, race
and income in these relationships. Computers in Human Behavior. 27. 228–
239. 10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.001.
Jacobsen, W. C., Forste, R. (2011). The wired generation: Academic and social
outcomes of electronic media use among university students.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 275-280.

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TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Koh, E & Lim, J. (2012). Using online collaboration applications for group
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Linnell, K.J., Caparos, S., de Fockert, J.W., & Davidoff, J. (2013). Urbanization
decreases attentional engagement. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance, 39(5), 802-815.
Lyle, K.B., & Crawford, N.A. (2011). Retrieving essential material at the end of
lecture improves performance on statistics exams. Teaching of
Psychology,38(2),94-97.
Magulod Jr., G. (2019). Learning styles, study habits and academic performance
of Filipino University students in applied science courses: Implications for
instruction. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(2), 184-198.
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Maya, R., & Hawi, N. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress,
academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human
Behavior. 57. 321-325. 10. 1016/j.chb.2015. 12.045.
Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the
Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking.
Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159–1168.
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Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages
of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science, 25(6),
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Quinco-cadosales, M. N., (2013). The Study Skills of First Year Education
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Quintus, L., Borr, M., Duffield, S., Napoleon, L., & Welch, A. (2012). The impact of
the Cornell note-taking method on students’ performance in a high school

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TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

family and consumer sciences class. Journal of Family & Consumer

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Sánchez-Martínez, M., Otero, A. (2009). Factors associated with cell phone use in
adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). CyberPsychology and
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Classrooms, Schools, Districts, and States. [online] Files.eric.ed.gov.
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Wan-Chen, Chang & Yu-Min, Ku (2015) The Effects of Note-Taking Skills
Instruction on Elementary Students’ Reading, The Journal of Educational
Research, 108:4, 278-291, DOI: 10.1080/00220671.2014.886175

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Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

45
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

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Appendix A
Permission Letter to the School Principal

46
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix B. 1
Validation Letter to the Validator

47
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix B.2
Validation Letter to the Validator

48
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix B.3
Validation Letter to the Validator

49
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix B.4
Validation Letter to the Validator

50
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix B.5
Validation Letter to the Validator

51
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix C
Survey Questionnaire

LONGHAND VERSUS CELLPHONE NOTETAKING: IMPACT

TOWARDS EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY OF TANDAG
NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Dear Respondent,
Good day!
This survey questionnaire contains statements which are literally short and
easy to understand so feel free to answer since there’s no need for you to pressure
yourselves because there are no right or wrong answers - it’s for your own
perspective. Rest assured that your responses will be kept strictly confidential.

The Researchers

Name (optional) : ____________________________________

I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

Directions. Kindly answer the following by filling only the blank and/or by
checking (  ) inside the blank provided for each item.

1. Sex :[ ] Male

[ ] Female

2. Grade Level :[ ] Grade 7 [ ] Grade 10

[ ] Grade 8 [ ] Grade 11

[ ] Grade 9 [ ] Grade 12

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

II. THE IMPACT OF LONGHAND AND CELLPHONE NOTETAKING

TOWARDS STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY.
Directions. The items below describe the impacts of longhand notetaking on
how it affects your educational productivity. As you read the statements, just
think about what you usually feel and do as you take down your notes. Put
check (  ) on the box that corresponds to your best answer.

LEGEND:
5- Strongly Agree (SA)
4- Agree (A)
3- Neutral (N)
2- Disagree (D)
1- Strongly Disagree (SDA)

A. LONGHAND NOTETAKING

5 1
4 3 2
Indicators Strongly Strongly
Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
1. I can easily review my lessons
because it is accessible.
2. Longhand notetaking betters
my ability to focus.
3. I believe that when I’m writing
my notes, it extends my
attention span.
4. I can easily remember the
things that I wrote.
5. There is learning retention
when notes are in handwritten.
6. Writing notes enhances my
vocabulary.
7. Longhand notetaking expands
my ability to form concepts
easily.
8. Notetaking by hand can help
me improve my organization
skills.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

9. Longhand notetaking helps

me develop a deep form of
cognitive processing by writing
only the important details from
the discussion.
10. I have the chance to raise my
grades by longhand
notetaking because teachers
utilize it as a requirement.

B. CELLPHONE NOTETAKING

5 1
4 3 2
Indicators Strongly Strongly
Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
1. I can learn lessons anywhere
and anytime, hassle free.
2. I can understand the lessons
well if I read my notes in
cellphone.
3. Cellphone helps to stimulate
my listening skill especially
when I’m typing what the
teacher is discussing.
4. The accuracy rate of
information noted in cellphone
is high enough to help me
remember the lesson without
doubting its reliability.
5. Notes in my cellphone can lead
to complete comprehension
during recapitulation.
6. I avoid distractions when
reading lessons from my
cellphone since it becomes
occupied the moment I study.

54
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

7. Notetaking with technology

eliminates the challenges of
misplacing page/s of
someone’s notes once they are
shared.
8. It offers search functionality
where students can search
keywords and phrases to
better locate information.
9. Cellphone notetaking helps me
identify the glaring meaning of
the lessons for I can highlight
important details easily
through applications.
10. I believe that with the use of my
phone as a medium in taking
down my notes, my
performance in school
enhances.

55
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix D.1
Validation Sheet

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

57
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix D.2
Validation Sheet

58
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

59
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix D.3
Validation Sheet

60
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

61
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix D.4
Validation Sheet

62
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

63
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix D.5
Validation Sheet

64
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

65
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix E
Consolidated Tally of the Validation Sheets

Weighted Adjectival
Indicator
Mean Description
Clarity of Direction and Items
The vocabulary level, language structure and
conceptual of the questions suit the level of Strongly
5.00
respondents. The test direction and items are Agree
written in a clear and understandable manner.
Presentation/Organization of Items
Strongly
The items are organized in a logical manner. 4.20
Agree
Suitability of Items
The items appropriately represent the substance
of the research. The questions are designed to Strongly
4.20
determine the conditions, knowledge, skills and Agree
attitudes that are supposed to be measured.
Adequateness of the Items per Category
The items represent the coverage of the research
adequately. The number of questions per category Strongly
4.20
is representative enough all questions needed for Agree
the research.
Attainment of the Purpose
The instrument as a whole fulfills the objective for Strongly
5.00
which it was constructed. Agree
Objectivity
In each item question, there is only one specific
answer to measure one behavior and no aspect of Strongly
5.00
the questionnaire suggests bias on the part of the Agree
research.
Scale and Evaluation of Rating System
Strongly
The scale adopted is appropriate for the items. 5.00
Agree
Strongly
Overall Mean 4.66
Agree

66
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix F
Spot Map

Figure 2
Map of Tandag National Science High School

67
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Appendix G
Pictorials

A respondent as she answers the

questions in the questionnaire.

Respondents from
Senior High School
while reading the
survey questionnaire
being provided by the
researchers.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Respondents being
cooperative during the
conduct of survey.

Respondents showing great

willingness to participate in
the survey.

69
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

The researchers are

working for their tally.

The researchers
are interpreting
the gathered
data.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Reanie A. Colaste

Sex : Female
Date of Birth : October 24, 2001
Place of Birth : Tandag City
Age : 18 yrs. old
Address : Prk. Earth, Telaje, Tandag City
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Name of Father : Josue R. Colaste
Name of Mother : Elisa A. Colaste
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
: Capitol Hills, Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Telaje Elementary School
: Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2008-2014

71
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Janna Marie M. Espinosa

Sex : Female
Date of Birth : September 27, 2000
Place of Birth : Tandag City
Age : 19 yrs. old
Address : Prk. Venus, Telaje, Tandag City
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Name of Father : Joven O. Espinosa
Name of Mother : Ma. Nerissa M. Espinosa
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
: Capitol Hills, Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Special Science Elementary School
: Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City
: School Year 2008-2014

72
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Anjerick June L. Lambaco

Sex : Male
Date of Birth : June 17, 2001
Place of Birth : Tandag City
Age : 18 yrs. old
Address : Boniao Village, Telaje, Tandag City
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Name of Father : Alwin C. Lambaco
Name of Mother : Nenia L. Lambaco
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
: Capitol Hills, Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Telaje Elementary School
: Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2008-2014

73
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Noelene Ann C. Novo

Sex : Female
Date of Birth : June 16, 2001
Place of Birth : Tandag City
Age : 18 yrs. old
Address : Bioto, Tandag City
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Name of Father : Mylene C. Novo
Name of Mother : Noel P. Novo
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Special Science Elementary School
: Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City
: School Year 2008-2014

74
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Andri S. Rivas

Sex : Male
Date of Birth : April 15, 2001
Place of Birth : Tandag City
Age : 18 yrs. old
Address : San Agustin Sur, Tandag City
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Baptist
Name of Father : Rogelio D. Rivas
Name of Mother : Glorife S. Rivas
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
: Capitol Hills, Telaje, Tandag City
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Tandag Pilot Elementary School
: Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City
: School Year 2008-2014

75
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : RRNozniv S. Vinzon

Sex : Male
Date of Birth : December 27, 2000
Place of Birth : Valencia, Bukidnon
Age : 19
Address : Prk. 3, Magroyong, San Miguel, Surigao del Sur
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Born Again Christian
Name of Father : Recriste D. Vinzon
Name of Mother : Zenaida S. Vinzon
Educational Background
Senior High School : Tandag National Science High School
: Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City
Junior High School : San Miguel National Comprehensive High School
: Magroyong, San Miguel, SDS
: School Year 2014-2018
Elementary : Mariano Espina Memorial Central Elementary School
: Navarro St., Surigao City
: School Year 2008-2014

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