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2ºbachillerato-Makethegrade1 - Pendientes 1º Bachillerato Workbook Units 1-4

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2ºbachillerato-Makethegrade1 - Pendientes 1º Bachillerato Workbook Units 1-4

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toulouse

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IES VIRGEN DE CONSOLACIÓN

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2º DE BACHILLERATO

Pendientes 1º de Bachillerato
Make the Grade 1
WORKBOOK
CONTENTS FOR THE FIRST TEST (Units 1-4)

REVISION
Grammar…..pages 2-6

UNIT 1

Vocabulary & Grammar…..pages 7-8

Writing…..page 8

Reading…..page 9
UNIT 2

Vocabulary & Grammar…..pages 10-11

Writing…page 11
Reading…..page 12

UNIT 3

Vocabulary & Grammar…..pages 13-14

Writing…..page 14

Reading…..page 15

UNIT 4
Vocabulary & Grammar…..pages 16-17

Writing…..page 17
Reading…..page 18
REVISION
GRAMMAR Present Simple and Present Continuous

6 Kate .......... her history book at the moment.

1 Choose the correct answer.
a isn’t reading
1 I usually .......... jeans for school.
b doesn’t read
a am wearing
c don’t read
b wear
7 What .......... about now?
c wears
a do you think
2 she .......... his name?
..........
b are you thinking
a Is … remembering
c you are think
b Do … remember
8 Please listen. We .......... to tell you something.
c Does … remember
a try
3 Nancy is on the phone. Who .......... to?
b don’t try
a is she talking
c are trying
b does she talk
9 What music .......... to? It sounds nice.
c she talks
a do you listen
4 That ice cream .......... delicious.
b are you listening
a looks
c you are listening
b is looking
10 Matthew .......... basketball on Sundays.
c look
a doesn’t play
5 We rarely .......... films.
b isn’t playing
a am watching
c don’t play
b don’t watch
c watch

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or the Present
Continuous.
1 My mother ............................................ (drive), so she can’t talk on the phone.
2 Where ............................................ Cathy ............................................ (work) most days?
3 Larry ............................................ (know) how to play that video game.
4 I’m sorry, but I ............................................ (not understand) what you’re saying.
5 What ............................................ you ............................................ (wait) for? It’s time to go!
6 I never ............................................ (get up) early on Saturdays.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
1 walk / we / twice a day / our dog / .
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 this week / not / Nicole / bake / a cake / .

3 good / this hamburger / taste / not / .

4 they / how often / their grandparents / visit / ?

5 to bring a pen / Tom / forget / always / .

6 look for / your glasses / you / ?

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2
GRAMMAR Past Simple and Past Continuous
1 Choose the correct answer.
1 We had to be quiet because Annie and Rose .......... .
a studied b were studying
2 I .......... my suitcase at the train station.
a lost b was losing
3 .......... in time for the party?
a Did Ronald return b Was Ronald returning
4 No cars .......... , so we crossed the street.
a came b were coming
5 Yvonne fell while she .......... a ladder.
a climbed b was climbing
6 Ethan .......... well last night.
a didn’t sleep b wasn’t sleeping
7 What .......... when he left the house?
a did John wear b was John wearing
8 .......... Carol on the way to school?
a Did you see b Were you seeing
9 Karen .......... TV when I got home.
a didn’t watch b wasn’t watching
10 My sister .......... to France yesterday.
a flew b was flying

2 Write a suitable question for each answer below. Pay attention to the words in bold.
1 Those men were selling old furniture.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 No, I wasn’t writing you a note when you came in.

3 Vicky was laughing because she was reading a funny story.

4 We won the basketball game last night.

5 They went to the music festival at the weekend.

6 I met Jack last year.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous.
1 while / he / Nick / find / €50 / to school / walk / .
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 at 9.00 / do / what / you / ?

3 not listen / Cindy / the teacher / speak / while / .

3
4 pay / how much / for her phone / Lynn / ?
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5 I / my leg / dance / break / I / when / .

6 anyone new / we / at the party / not meet / .

4 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous.

We 1 ................................................................... (decide) to go shopping in town yesterday morning, but when we

2 3
................................................................... (arrive), there was nowhere to park. While we ................................................................... (look) for
4 5
a place, we ................................................................... (see) a woman walking. We ................................................................... (realise) that she
6 7
................................................................... (walk) towards her car. We ................................................................... (follow) her to
her car and then waited to take her parking place. We sat there for a long time while she
8
................................................................... (get) ready to leave. However, as she 9 ................................................................... (come) out
of her parking place, her car 10 ................................................................... (hit) ours. Because of that, we
11
................................................................... (not park) and we 12 ................................................................... (not go) shopping.

GRAMMAR Future Tenses

1 Choose the correct answer.

1 I’m sure that you .......... the show.
a will enjoy b are enjoying
2 My favourite band .......... in town this summer.
a will be b is going to be
3 I .......... Bob for coffee tomorrow.
a will meet b am meeting
4 Marilyn .......... university next year.
a won’t start b isn’t going to start
5 Don’t hold the baby like that. She .......... !
a is falling b is going to fall
6 Don’t go alone. I .......... with you.
a will come b am going to come
7 Do you think that you .......... the competition?
a will win b are going to win
8 When .......... for Lisbon?
a will they leave b are they leaving

2 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Future Simple, be going to or the Present Continuous. There may be
more than one possible answer.
1 study / next year / I / at a different school / .
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Be careful! on that ice / you / fall / .

3 I / in a minute / take / home / you / .

4
4 Ted and Tricia / next month / get married / .
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5 I’m sure that / fly / people / to Mars / in the future / .

6 again / we / meet / probably / .

7 do you think / rich / one day / you / be / ?

8 next summer / travel / Cynthia / around Europe / .

9 move / we / next week / into our new flat / .

10 I promise / fix / tomorrow / I / your bicycle / .

VOCABULARY
1 Choose the correct answer.
1 Trains are .......... than buses.
a as fast as b the fastest c faster
2 We’re very .......... about our holiday.
a excited b exciting c excite
3 Which of the following is NOT a noun?
a different b happiness c enjoyment
4 I like films that have a lot of .......... .
a act b active c action
5 Do you have .......... food with you?
a any b some c no
6 He’s not very popular. He has .......... friends.
a a few b few c some
7 I’m the .......... student in my class.
a tall b taller c tallest
8 Please walk .......... with Grandma.
a slower b slowly c slow

2 Complete the sentences with the correct adjective or adverb form of the words in brackets.
1 Ben’s marks are ................................................................... (high) than mine. He’s the ................................................................... (good) student in the class.
2 Jill drives very ................................................................... (fast). Karen drives ................................................................... (careful) than Jill.
3 I was very ................................................................... (nervous), so I spoke ................................................................... (quick).
4 This is the ................................................................... (bad) film I’ve ever seen. I don’t know why it’s so ...................................................................
(popular).
5 Alice dances ................................................................... (beautiful). She’s the ................................................................... (graceful) dancer I know.
6 I studied ................................................................... (hard) and answered all the questions ................................................................... (correct).

3 Circle the word that doesn’t belong.

1 son | cousin | engineer | uncle

4 Complete the chart with the words below.

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

1 2 3
imaginatively
4 5 6
predictable
7 8 9
creation
10 11 12
succeed
13 14 15
amazingly
16 17 18
impress

5 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 4.

1 Children often have got ................................................ friends.
2 You must work hard if you want to achieve ................................................ .
3 Artists are people who are very ................................................ .
4 A first ................................................ lasts a long time.
5 Sue plays the piano ................................................ well for such a young girl.
6 The ending was so ................................................ . I guessed it after the first chapter of the book.
7 It’s hard to ................................................ life without the Internet.
8 What’s your ................................................ for the future of this company?

6
UNIT 1

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. Use the suffixes -ed, -ing, -ful or -less.
1 James was not ................................................ about the idea. (thrill)
2 This ................................................ translation app will really help when you’re travelling. (use)
3 Don’t worry. The procedure is ................................................ . (pain)
4 I’m really sorry. That was a ................................................ thing to say. (thought)
5 Paula has always been ................................................ of spiders. (terrify)
6 It was such an ................................................ moment when I forgot her name. (embarrass)

1 I like her friendly and outgoing ................................................ .

2 People often suffer from ................................................ at first when moving to a new city.
3 The new computer system is a big ................................................ on the last one.
4 Writing and speaking are important ................................................ skills.
5 Losing the match was a huge ................................................ .
6 She smiled with ................................................ .

GRAMMAR
1 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct form of the verb provided. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present
Perfect Continuous.
1 paint
They .................................................................... the school for the past two weeks.
Mike .................................................................... his house several times.
2 not study
I .................................................................... all day. I only started an hour ago.
I .................................................................... calculus yet. I will study it next year.
3 share
................................................ they ................................................ any of their holiday photos yet?
So far, they .................................................................... only three of them.
4 manage
I ................................................ never ................................................ to learn how to skateboard.
He got three hours’ sleep last night. I don’t know how he .................................................................... to stay awake today.
5 not do
There’s no food in the house. She .................................................................... the shopping for days.
I’m so bored. I .................................................................... anything since I got up this morning.

7
2 Write a sentence to follow each first sentence. Use the words provided and the Present Perfect Simple or Present
Perfect Continuous.
1 Her flight is delayed. (not take off / yet)
She ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
2 I’ve just checked my phone. (call / three times / so far)
My mum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .
3 This is the best party ever! (dance / since / I / get here)
I ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
4 I am a bit nervous. (never meet / face-to-face)
Meredith and I ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
5 Many roads are closed now. (not stop / snow / for / four days)
It .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

1 Social media sites have become ................................................ popular in the last few years. ..........
2 ................................................ , no one has sent me a message about the party. ..........

3 He opened the door so ................................................ that we didn’t hear him. ..........

4 ................................................ , we’ll meet again soon. ..........

5 Please read the instructions ................................................ before you begin your English exam. ..........

6 We’re ................................................ late, but if we hurry we can catch the train. ..........

7 Most exchange students make friends ................................................ with the local teens. ..........
8 The woman shouted ................................................ at the boy who had pushed her. ..........

2 Think of two more adverbs of manner, adverbs of comment and adverbs of degree.
Write them in sentences.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8
READING

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

USE A DICTIONARY
I Do you know what the words “e-cigarette”, “voluntourism” and “fo’shizzle” mean? If you don’t, there is little point
in looking them up in the dictionary you have been using for years because these words are recent additions to the
Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
II The idea of compiling a comprehensive dictionary was suggested in 1857 by members of the Philological Society of
London. However, it was too much work, and in 1879 the work was taken over by Oxford University. It was thought
that it would only take ten years to complete, but the first volume was only finished in 1884. The tenth and final
volume came out in 1928. The dictionary had taken much longer to complete than people thought it would because
the English language is always changing.
III Over the course of the 20th century, the OED continued to grow until it was published as a 20-volume work in 1989.
Unlike libraries, most people could not afford or find the space on their bookshelves for the entire set, but
technology came to the rescue a few years later when the whole of the OED was released as a CD-ROM in 1992.
Today, the whole dictionary can be found online.
IV A language is constantly developing, so a dictionary needs to reflect this. Technological develo pments are the reason
for many of the new words. Thirty years ago, no one would have known what a “smartphone” or a “selfie” was, for
instance. Furthermore, words can take on new meanings. In the past, a mouse meant a small animal. Today, most of
us have one on our desk. An “e-cigarette” is the name that has been given to the electronic device that is used by
smokers as a way of getting the effect of smoking without using real cigarettes. New words are often invented by
combining two existing words, such as “voluntourism”, which is when tourists spend time doing vo luntary work.
And of course, there is slang, which is constantly changing. So for the record, “fo’shizzle” in hip-hop slang simply
means “for sure”.

2 Slang is mentioned in the article because it is .......... .

1 Choose the correct answer.
a a bad way of speaking English
1 Why does the writer mention the word “fo’shizzle”?
b a reason for adding new words to the dictionary
a It is a word that nobody understands.
c a new word in the dictionary
b It has always appeared in the dictionary.
c It is a new word in the dictionary.

2 Decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Find evidence in the text to support your answers.
1 At first, people did not realise that the OED would take so long to complete. ..........

2 In 1989, libraries could not afford the new version of the OED. ..........

3 Complete the sentences.

1 In the 19th century, an English-language dictionary was needed because ...........................................................................

4 Find words or expressions in the text that mean:

1 new (paragraph I) ......................................................
2 complete (paragraph II) ......................................................

3 during (paragraph III) ......................................................

4 without a doubt (paragraph IV) ......................................................

9
UNIT 2

1 I think Michael is ................................................ on you! He will probably ask you out on a date.
2 Great job! You should be ................................................ of yourself!
3 The company is ................................................ with the low sales figures.
4 I read the news, so I’m ................................................ of the events.
5 I’m ................................................ in all kinds of photography.
6 He’s ................................................ of you because you’re a better guitarist.
7 I’m becoming more ................................................ at web design.

2 Complete the sentences in a logical way. Pay attention to the words in bold.
1 One way to save energy is to ............................................................................................................................................................................... .
2 When someone doesn’t keep a promise , I feel ...................................................................................................................................... .
3 I’m absolutely mad about ....................................................................................................................................................................................... .
4 One downside of living here is that my friends .................................................................................................................................... .
5 A laptop is convenient because .......................................................................................................................................................................... .

GRAMMAR
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Perfect Simple or Future Continuous.
1 They .................................................................... (play) a big match on Saturday.
2 ................................................ you ................................................ (finish) your homework before they arrive?
3 Jack .................................................................... (go out) by the time I get home.
4 What time ................................................ you ................................................ (leave) today?
5 I .................................................................... (not get) my driving licence before my birthday.
6 That new shop .................................................................... (open) by the end of the week.
7 Ask Sarah. She .................................................................... (organise) it.

2 Write complete sentences using the words below and the Future Perfect Simple or the Future Continuous.
1 I hope / my marks / improve / by the end of term / .
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 they / not leave / home / by then / .

3 the restaurant / close / by 11.30 / .

4 what time / the game / start / tomorrow / ?

5 the office / upgrade / our computers / next month / .

6 robots / not do / all our work / in / 20 years’ time / .

10
3 Complete the mini-dialogues with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct future form. There may be more
than one possible answer.
1 A: I ..................................................................................... (spend) the next few weeks in Australia.
B: It’s winter there. I ..................................................................................... (lend) you a warm jacket.
2 A: I ..................................................................................... (visit) you this afternoon.
B: Could you come by later than that? I ..................................................................................... (work) until 6 pm.
3 A: By next month, I ..................................................................................... (save) enough money to buy a car.
B: That’s great. What kind of car ..................................................................................... you ..................................................................................... (buy)?
4 A: The lecture ..................................................................................... (begin) at 7.00.
B: Do you think it ..................................................................................... (end) by 9.00? I need to return the car.

WRITING

A For and Against Essay

2 Choose the correct answer.

1 The new shirt they’re advertising can measure your blood pressure as well as / also your heart rate.
2 However / While global communication has advanced greatly, plane travel is the same as it was 50 years ago.
3 Robotics is a difficult subject to study. Nevertheless / In addition, it can be fascinating.
4 Many workers in industry have lost their jobs to robots. Furthermore / Despite this, robots may soon replace
secretaries and shop assistants.
5 Even though / Moreover I own a 3D printer, I don’t really use it a lot.

3 Form sentences by matching A and B.

A B
1 Most people .......... a it doesn’t cost a lot of money.
2 First of all, .......... b can lead to arguments.
3 I feel .......... c believe that is true.
4 Because it’s controversial, it .......... d very strongly about this.

11
READING

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

MEET MEDi
I Hospital can be a frightening place for children who need to spend time there. For many, it may be the first time that
they have to sleep away from home. They may not like the taste of the medicines, and injections can scare them. In
addition, younger kids may not understand what is going on and why they have to be hospitalised. To solve this
problem, several hospitals in the United States are using a little blue-and-white robot called MEDi, which stands for
Medicine and Engineering Design Intelligence.
II The robot has been a huge success in the hospitals that have started using it, for example, the Broward Health
Children’s Hospital in Florida. Dr Patricia Rowe-King, who works there, says that MEDi can be the children’s friend
and teacher. It tells them what to expect when they are getting an injection or receiving treatment. In addition, MEDi
is bilingual – it speaks English and Spanish. This is important in areas where Spanish is the main language.
However, its chief task is to make friends with the youngest patients.
III For example Tommy, a four-year-old cancer patient, became close friends with MEDi in hospital. It helped to
distract Tommy’s attention when the nurses were taking blood from him so that he did not notice the pain. Then,
they could sing, dance or play together. MEDi has facial recognition software and greets each child by his or her
name. Tommy's face lit up when the robot would call his name.
IV Tommy had to spend a long time in hospital receiving treatments. This was also a very demanding time for his
worried parents. However, thanks to MEDi, Tommy felt less frightened in hospital. Tommy’s mother said that at first
there were many bad days and they began to lose hope. “MEDi took away the fear of being here,” she said.
V Dr Hector Rodriguez-Cortes, Tommy’s doctor, explained that when the robot helps the patient, it helps the hospital
staff as well. Dr Rodriguez-Cortes said that the robot calmed the children down so that the nurses could do their
work. It seems that MEDi is good for everyone in hospital.

1 Choose the correct answer.

1 MEDi .......... .
a gives treatment to the kids in hospital
b cures children of their illnesses
c makes friends with the children
2 Why does the writer mention the Broward Health Children’s Hospital?
a Because it is where MEDi was invented.
b Because it is in Florida.
c Because it is a hospital where MEDi is used.

2 The following statements are false. Correct them according to the information given in the text.
1 All American hospitals have begun to use MEDi to help them to treat child patients.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 MEDi helped Tommy to focus on his pain.

3 Find words in the text that mean:

1 frighten (paragraph I) ......................................................

2 main (paragraph II) ......................................................

3 calls (paragraph III) ......................................................
4 difficult (paragraph IV) ......................................................

12
UNIT 3

VOCABULARY
1 The sentences below do not make sense. Correct them by replacing each word in bold with a word
in bold from a different sentence.
1 He stressed me not to tell anyone. ................................................

2 Students are usually revised before an exam. ................................................

3 I’ve missed all the material, so I feel prepared. ................................................

4 The teacher asked him to leave when he begged the lesson. ................................................
5 He had a doctor’s appointment, so he disrupted the history lesson. ................................................

2 Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the words in bold.

1 Which school / homework do you attend?
2 She has a degree from art class / university.
3 Jim always seems so secure and nervous / confident.
4 That was the last film he appeared in. He died shortly after acting in / seeing it.
5 Gwen and Harry have two incomes, because both / neither of them work.
6 I’m so sorry / happy to hear that. I’m delighted for you.
7 Among her many accomplishments is writing a best-selling novel / a book she’d like to write about
her childhood.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. Use the suffixes -ous, -able,
-ive, -al or -ic.
1 Cambridge is one of the most ................................................ universities in the world. (fame)
2 It’s not easy for ................................................ young children to sit in a classroom all day. (energy)
3 It is not ................................................ for students to be late for school. (accept)
4 Pollution is a ................................................ problem. (universe)
5 Videos or role-playing are ................................................ ways to present a project. (create)
6 It’s a ................................................ world, so always do your best. (compete)
7 Please respect my privacy and don’t ask ................................................ questions. (person)
8 Is worldwide peace ................................................ ? (achieve)
9 We won a five-night stay at a ................................................ hotel in Paris! (luxury)
10 You don’t have to be ................................................ to exercise. (athlete)

GRAMMAR
1 Choose the correct relative pronoun.
1 A boarding school is a place that / which / where students both live and study.
2 I have some friends where / which / who live in London.
3 This is the book that / whose / when I bought for my dad.
4 I’ll never forget the moment which / when / where I learnt I had failed the exam.
5 My friend Janine, that / whose / who’s French is perfect, often corrects my pronunciation.
6 The exam, that / when / which begins at 9, will end at noon.

13
2 Complete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer.
Tick ( ) the sentences in which the relative pronoun can be omitted.
.......... 1 She’s in classroom 3C, ................................................ is upstairs.
.......... 2 I lost the jacket ................................................ my girlfriend gave me.
.......... 3 Our teacher, ................................................ is new here, is quite strict.
.......... 4 That’s the student ................................................ parents work abroad.
.......... 5 I left my notebook in the room ................................................ we had the meeting.
.......... 6 That was the day ................................................ I missed school.
.......... 7 I’ve never met anyone ................................................ is from Japan.

3 Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns in brackets. Make any necessary changes.
1 The girl found my phone. She’s a student at my school. (who)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 The cafeteria serves healthy meals. We often eat there. (where)

3 I finally downloaded the game. Everyone’s been playing it. (that)

4 My best friend speaks German. His parents are from Berlin. (whose)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5 I was ill on Tuesday. The teacher revised the exam material then. (when)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6 Everyone loves the food festival. It’s an annual event. (which)

WRITING
A Report of an Event
1 Put the words in the correct order to form sentences.
1 in the school stadium / last Saturday / was held / the match
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 will buy / tomorrow / I / a ticket / you / at school

3 my friend / they / at the video competition / first prize / gave

4 food / packed / before the class trip / the parents / for all the students
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5 for the school newspaper / pictures / took / a few students

2 Form sentences by matching A and B.

A B
1 It was the great moment that .......... a for everyone to show their work.
2 Excitement was .......... b see all the projects.
3 It was really impressive to .......... c this event.
4 It was a great opportunity .......... d in the air.
5 They had spent months preparing for .......... e we had all been waiting for.
14
READING

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

A NEW LOOK AT LONELINESS

I In January 2018, the British government did something unusual. It recognised loneliness as a pro blem to be
seriously addressed.
II This was a response to an official UK study which found that loneliness affected around 14% of the country’s
population – about nine million people. Another study, conducted by researchers at King’s College London and the
National Citizen Service, a non-profit organisation, found that over 50% of the nation’s teens were “sometimes
lonely”, and one in 20 saw friends only in school. Among people 65 and older surveyed by the group Age UK, more
than 350,000 hadn’t spoken with a friend or relative for a week, and 200,000 hadn’t done so for a month.
III To understand these figures, we must first define loneliness. For some, it results from true social isolation – lack of
family, friends and structures such as work, school or community. Others feel lonely because they can’t share their
real feelings with friends and family. And some who spend a lot of time on social media can experience a form of
loneliness that results from envying other people’s lives.
IV Whatever the cause, chronic loneliness has health consequences. In elderly people, it has been linked to higher risks
of heart disease. And in all age groups, loneliness increases the body’s stress-related neurochemical activity. This, in
turn, lowers sleep quality, which can affect concentration and cause other problems.
V However, as psychologist John Cacioppo has pointed out, occasional loneliness can be a beneficial biological signal
that we need more social interaction. This can lead to positive changes, such as involvement in new activities.
VI When reading the figures in the studies mentioned above, it’s important to keep in mind that other studies have got
different findings. Because of varying research and data analysis methods, it may be impossible to truly know
whether loneliness has actually increased or there’s simply more willingness to report it.
VII Clearly, however, we are becoming more aware of loneliness and its problems. It remains to be seen whether the
British government’s focus on the issue will mean more funding for social services and meeting places such as
libraries and after-school programmes. And if this growing awareness of loneliness also encourages a greater sense
of community, everyone will benefit.

3 What cause of social isolation is NOT mentioned?

1 Choose the correct answer.
a being without friends or relatives
1 What was one finding of the official UK study?
b unemployment
a Loneliness rates have increased by 14%.
c not knowing the language
b Nine million people in the UK experience
loneliness.
c Nearly 50% of teens are sometimes lonely.
2 According to Age UK, .......... .
a most teens see friends outside school
b at least 350,000 elderly go a week without talking
with a friend or relative
c only 200,000 elderly people see a friend or
relative monthly

2 Decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Find evidence in the text to support your answers.
1 Loneliness affects our neurochemistry. ..........

2 According to John Cacioppo, loneliness has no biological purpose. ..........

3 Find words or expressions in the text that mean:

1 dealt with (paragraph I) ......................................................

2 being jealous of (paragraph III) ......................................................

15
UNIT 4

VOCABULARY
1 Choose the correct word or expression.
1 Shana lives far away, so she has to commute / pay a fine every day.
2 Sadly, housing / unemployment has increased recently.
3 Our neighbourhood / pavement was built in the 1970s.
4 There’s an equal / a giant block of flats next to the park.
5 Littering / Population density is extremely high in Hong Kong, which has over seven million people.

2 Complete the sentences with the words below.

1 The first city with a ................................................................... was Chicago, in the US.

2 The city’s low ................................................................... makes it a safe place to live.
3 Moving to the countryside has really improved their ................................................................... .
4 Children are allowed to use public transport ................................................................... .
5 The security cameras in this neighbourhood operate ................................................................... .
6 The most important ................................................................... in the village is the old church.

3 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the correct prefix – dis, un, over, mis, in or under.
1 There shouldn’t be ............................................... between men and women. (equality)
2 It’s ............................................... to breathe polluted air. (healthy)
3 The politician is accused of ............................................... public money for personal items. (using)
4 I was ............................................... with the pottery course, so I dropped out. (satisfied)
5 The factory workers are complaining that they are ............................................... . (paid)
6 I didn't like the design of the magazine – it was ............................................... . (done)

GRAMMAR
1 Complete the sentences using the modals below.
can | could | might | must | ought to

1 I ................................................ stay home tonight. I’ll decide later.

2 He ................................................ draw well when he was young.
3 You ................................................ call her first. She doesn’t like unexpected visitors.
4 Everyone ................................................ be here by 8 am for the school trip.
5 ................................................ I have some sugar for my coffee, please?

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able to. Use the affirmative or
negative form. There may be more than one possible answer.
1 I ................................................................... skate when I was younger, but I haven’t done it for years.
2 Charlie ................................................................... go to school this morning because he was at the dentist.
3 I ................................................................... help. I’m not doing anything else at the moment.
4 Will you ................................................................... go to the bank later?
5 I ................................................................... buy anything because I don’t have any money.
16
5 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal or modal perfect. There may be more than one
correct answer.
1 You ................................................................... make tea. I’ve already made it.
2 It’s getting dark. I think the children ................................................................... come inside now.
3 They ................................................................... go to the match. They’ll let us know.
4 You ................................................................... said that. It really hurt my feelings.
5 I didn’t know she was a vegetarian! You ................................................................... told me!
6 Carol ................................................................... left early. Nobody’s seen her since lunch.

6 Complete these sentences in a logical way using a modal or modal perfect and the words in brackets.
1 I told you we’d be late. We ...................................................................................... . (left earlier)
2 He works six-and-a-half days a week! That ...................................................................................... . (tiring)
3 The car isn’t here. Someone ...................................................................................... it. (stolen)
4 Why didn’t you say you were going? I ...................................................................................... . (come)
5 She doesn’t look anything like him! That ...................................................................................... ! (be his sister)

2 Now complete the sentences with connectors from the list above. There may be more than one correct answer.
Do not use the same connector twice.
1 We couldn’t sleep all night ................................................................... the noise from the street below.
2 The price of land is increasing. ................................................................... , housing prices are rising as well.
3 Our city is very polluted, ................................................................... several factories are located in the area.
4 Public transport in the suburbs is inconvenient. ................................................................... , most residents commute by car.
5 Thousands of tourists visit the city daily ................................................................... its rich history and famous landmarks.
6 Entertainment here is round the clock, ................................................................... there’s always something to do.

3 Complete the expressions of opinion with a suitable word.

1 ................................................ this reason …
2 As I ................................................ it, …
3 In my ................................................ …
4 ................................................ conclusion …

17
READING
Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

HURRICANES – WHAT’S IN A NAME?

Occurring only during the summer months, a hurricane is a huge tropical storm that gathers heat and energy through
contact with warm ocean waters. Every few years, one of these storms makes international news when it causes havoc.
What makes hurricanes remain in public memory, though, is their distinctive names.
Actually, naming storms is nothing new. For hundreds of years in the Caribbean islands, storms were named after
5 the saint of the day they occurred in the Roman Catholic calendar – for example, Hurricane San Felipe. As
meteorology developed, hurricanes were referred to by the map coordinates of their places of origin. However, this
was often difficult to remember. During World War II, meteorologists began giving names to the storms in the
Pacific Ocean as it made tracking them easier. This was eventually adopted for hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean as
well.
10 At first, only women’s names were used. Because the meteorologists were all men, they did this as a joke,
explaining that tropical storms were like women because their behaviour was so unpredictable! However, by the
1970s, women had begun to express offence at the fact that hurricanes, which cause so much suffering, were given
only female names. Therefore, from 1978, half of the year’s storms were given men’s names.
For each year, a list of 21 names in alphabetical order (without the letters Q, U, X, Y and Z) was developed. For
15 example, in the year 2015, the first hurricane was called Hurricane Ana and the second, Hurricane Bill. Six different
lists were created and are reused every six years. However, a name given to a particularly destructive hurricane may
become off limits. “Katrina” was removed from the list after that hurricane destroyed parts of New Orleans in 2005.
This is done to show sensitivity to people’s feelings, as victims of the hurricane may be haunted by bad memories if
they hear the name being used again only six years later.
20 There is no doubt that today, these names are part of common language and have helped increase public awareness
of the danger of hurricanes.

1 Choose the correct answer.

1 People remember hurricanes because .......... .
a they are named for distinctive saints
b they are given the names of people
c they occur during summer
2 Why did meteorologists stop using map coordinates as hurricane names?
a Methods of hurricane tracking changed.
b They had trouble remembering the coordinates.
c Map coordinates couldn’t be used during World War II.

2 Decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Find evidence in the text to support your answers.
1 People have been giving names to hurricanes for many centuries. ..........

2 A hurricane’s name cannot begin with the letter V. ..........

5 Choose the best synonym for the words and expressions below.
1 gathers (line 1) 3 tracking (line 8)
a collects c enables a reporting on c predicting
b meets d turns into b following d referring to
2 havoc (line 2) 4 off limits (line 17)
a huge loss of life c destruction a bad luck c hurtful
and chaos b controversial d not permitted
b worldwide interest d long-term
problems

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