DNA Replication Overview and Review 11.

11. Why do the two strands of the helix have to be elongated by two slightly different
mechanisms?
Because replication only happens in a 5' to 3' direction
Name: ____________________________________________
12. Chargaff’s rule states that the DNA of any species contains equal amounts of
1. What is the complete name of DNA? _________________ & _________________ and also equal amounts of
_________________ & _________________.
2. The two sides of the DNA helix are held together by _________________ bonds. 13. What enzyme unzips the parent strand of DNA?

3. On the diagram below, do the following: 14. DNA replication happens only in the _____ to ______ direction.
a. Label the 3' and 5' ends on both backbones.
b. Circle a single nucleotide. 15. What is the non-continuous backbone of the new DNA called?
c. Label the sugars and phosphates with “S” and “P”. lagging strand
d. Label the bases that are not already labeled (A, T, C, G). 16. Explain elongation stage of replication – you answer should include a discussion of
leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki pieces and RNA primer. Use at least two
sentences.
Primase adds primer near inside of fork, DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides 5’-3’ moving away from fork. After catching up to previous primer, DNA

polymerase III must detach and move further into the expanding fork, after primase has added another primer deeper inside the fork. DNA polymerase I will

remove RNA primer and replace with DNA nucleotides. Ligase repairs the nick in the sugar phosphate backbone attaching Okazaki fragments together.
17. Draw a picture of the replication fork and include all of the following: helicase,
leading strand, lagging strand, single strand binding proteins, DNA polymerase III,
DNA primers, Okazaki fragment, and RNA primase.

4. Replication means:The replication of DNA to make a new strand, how cells produce other NOTE FOR TEACHER! I STARTED TO DO IT MYSELF, YOU WIIL

cells(repair and replacement in the body), how we pass on genetic information(gametes)SEE MY EFFORTS TO THE LEFT. HOWEVER, IT STARTED TO
5. DNA strands are complementary. How does this allow DNA to replicate
itself? The opposite strand provides the information the opposite strand needs to produce its partner GET UNLIBLE TO ANYONE BUT ME, SO I STOPPED WHILE I WAS AHEAD.

18. How are Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand joined into one continuous strand?
6. Create a matching (complementary) DNA sequence for the following strand:
19. How do eukaryotes speed the process of replication – since they have multiple long
chromosomes?

20. Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

because it uses one strand of the original dna and one newly created strand to make now dna

7. List the proteins/enzymes involved in the process of replication. 21. What is the role of DNA polymerase (III)?
Helicase, Dna Polymorase, topoisomerase, single binding proteins, rna primase, read nitrogenous bases and make sure it is icorrect with the base pairing.

polymerase 1,2,and 3, ligase 22. What is a primer?

8. How does replication start? What prevents the unwound DNA for twisting back? an enzyme that starts the new strand of DNA
Replication starts when a nucleas has 2 peices of DNA. Topomerise stops dna from twisting back
23. Which enzyme removes primers between Okazaki fragments?
9. What enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand? dna primase
dna polymerase
24. Which enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?
10. What is the importance of DNA polymerase?
Because it reads the nitrogenous bases dna ligase
25. You will draw out the steps of the S phase of Interphase, DNA replication. In each box, draw the event described. You will use 3 different colors: one for
the original strands of DNA, one for the leading strand, and one for the lagging strand. You must label all the bold words in each drawing. Use the drawing on
the back to help you.

t a

g c

g c

c g

a t

t a

a t

a t

c g

t a

a t

g c

1. Draw the DNA double 2. Draw Helicase as it 3. Draw the beginning of 4. Draw the end of the 5. Draw the two DNA double
helix, with this sequence on begins to unwind and replication as primers are process. Include the final helices that are formed,
the 5’ to 3’ strand: separate the DNA at the added to the appropriate nucleotides being added and showing semiconservative
ACCGTATTGATC replication fork, creating places on each backbones the primers being removed. replication.
Label 5’ and 3’ on each strand. two single backbones from and the correct enzymes Show the binding of the
one double backbone. begin to do their jobs. Pay fragments by ligase.
attention to leading &
lagging strands.