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Method of Least Squares

The document uses the method of least squares to determine the best-fit values of a, b, and c for a quadratic equation μ = a + bT + cT^2 to model viscosity (μ) data over a range of temperatures (T). It sets up and solves a system of equations to determine the values that minimize the error function between the actual and modeled viscosity values. The best-fit values are found to be a = 2.58, b = -0.32, and c = 0.022142857, with an error function value of 0.001728.

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Edciel Ebuen
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59 views

Method of Least Squares

The document uses the method of least squares to determine the best-fit values of a, b, and c for a quadratic equation μ = a + bT + cT^2 to model viscosity (μ) data over a range of temperatures (T). It sets up and solves a system of equations to determine the values that minimize the error function between the actual and modeled viscosity values. The best-fit values are found to be a = 2.58, b = -0.32, and c = 0.022142857, with an error function value of 0.001728.

Uploaded by

Edciel Ebuen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Use the method of least squares

The viscosity  of a liquid is known to vary the temperature according to a quadratic


law   a  bT  cT 2 . Find the best value of a, b,&c for this table. Determine the value of
error function

T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 2.3 2.01 1.8 1.66 1.55 1.47 1.41

The error function

 
m
 (a, b, c)   a  bT  cT 2  
2

k 1


 
m
 2 a  bT  cT 2  
a k 1


 
m
 2 T a  bT  cT 2  
b k 1


 
m
 2 T 2 a  bT  cT 2  
c k 1

  
setting , , and 0
a b c

m  m 
 
m m m
2 a  bT  cT 2    0   a    T b    T 2 c     eq.1
k 1 k 1  k 1   k 1  k 1

m  m  m  m 
 
m
2 T a  bT  cT 2    0    T a    T 2 b    T 3 c    T    eq.2
k 1  k 1   k 1   k 1   k 1 

m  m  m  m 
 
m
2 T 2 a  bT  cT 2    0    T 2 a    T 3 b    T 4 c    T 2    eq.3
k 1  k 1   k 1   k 1   k 1 

in matrix form

 m m
2  m 
 m T  T    
 m k 1
m
k 1
m  a   mk 1 
 T T 3  b     T 
 T 
2

k 1 k 1 k 1
  k 1 
m m m   c   m 
 T 2 T 3
 T 4
   T 
2

 k 1 k 1 k 1 
 
 k 1 
T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 2.3 2.01 1.8 1.66 1.55 1.47 1.41

Therefore:
7 7 7

 T  28
k 1
 T 3  784
k 1
m7  T  44.8
k 1

7 7 7 7

 T 2  140
k 1
 T 4  4676
k 1
 T 2   213.86
k 1
   12.2
k 1

 7 28 140  a   12.2 
 28 140 784  b    44.8 

140 784 4676  c  213.86

 12.2 
 44.8 
a     7 28 140 
1
 12.2   2.58 
b    213.86  
   7
  28 140 784   44.8     0.32 
28 140      
 c    140 784 4676  213.86 0.022142857
 28 140 784 
140 784 4676

therefore
a  2.58, b  0.32, c  0.022142857

therefore

  2.58  0.32T  0.022142857T 2

the error function is

 
7
 (a, b, c)   2.58  0.32T  0.022142857T 2  
2

k 1

 (a, b, c)  3.1888x10 4  3.4489 x10 4  3.7194 x10 4  3.2653x10 5  2.6989 x10 4  1.6531x10 4
2.2499 x10 4

 (a, b, c )  0.001728

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