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OSCM) CH1 Introduction

OSCM involves designing, operating, and improving systems for producing and delivering a firm's primary products and services. It addresses operations like manufacturing and service processes, as well as supply chain functions like procurement and logistics. Career opportunities in OSCM specialize in planning, producing, and distributing goods and services. OSCM jobs require hands-on work coordinating people and processes to efficiently and effectively meet customer needs. Major concepts in the field include lean manufacturing, quality management, and supply chain management.

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43 views

OSCM) CH1 Introduction

OSCM involves designing, operating, and improving systems for producing and delivering a firm's primary products and services. It addresses operations like manufacturing and service processes, as well as supply chain functions like procurement and logistics. Career opportunities in OSCM specialize in planning, producing, and distributing goods and services. OSCM jobs require hands-on work coordinating people and processes to efficiently and effectively meet customer needs. Major concepts in the field include lean manufacturing, quality management, and supply chain management.

Uploaded by

Ni瑾容
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSCM ) CH1 introduction

2020年10月31日 下午 08:43

LO1-1: Identify the elements of operations and supply chain management (OSCM).

Success depends on …
1. Clever integration of a great operations-related strategy
2. Processes to deliver products and services
3. Analytics to support the decisions needed to manage the firm

策略必須描述公司如何為其股東創造與維持價格(過去)。

What Is Operations and Supply Chain Management?


OSCM is defined as the design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and delivery the
firm’s primary products and services.
作業與供應鏈管理(operation and supply chain management, OSOM) 為設計、執行，以及改進製
造與配銷(分配銷售)公司主要商品與服務的系統。

Operations and supply chain management (OSCM) is

• A functional field of business


• Clear lines management responsibilities
• Concerned with the management of the entire production/delivery system

Operations & Supply Chain Terms

作業Operations :
Manufacturing and service processes used to transform resources into products

供應鏈Supply chain:
Processes that move information and material to and from the firm

Questions Answered in Each Section of the OSCM

作業管理 第 1 頁
Process Activities

規劃
Planning – processes needed to operate an existing supply chain
採購
Sourcing – selection of suppliers that will deliver the goods and services needed to create the firm’s
product
製作
Making – producing the major product or service
配送
Delivering – logistics processes such as selecting carriers, coordinating the movement of goods and
information, and collecting payments from customers
回應、申報
Returning – receiving worn-out, excess, and/or defective products back from customers

作業管理 第 2 頁
Differences between services and goods

• 服務是無形的流程，產品則是流程的有形輸出。
• 服務流程中必須與顧客接觸；顧客通常不需親自參與實體商品的生產，兩者設計設施時的重點因
而有所不同。
• 服務一般具有因顧客或服務人員態度的不同，而有所差別的異質性，
但實體產品可以依據嚴密的規格、幾近相同的品質生產。
• 服務流程具有無法保存性，不能像實體產品般保存。
• 服務規格的定義與和衡量常是以一組五感的特性為依據，包含 : 支援設施、輔助品、顯性服務、
隱性服務。

The Goods–Services Continuum

Product-Service Bundling

作業管理 第 3 頁
Product-Service Bundling

Product-Service Bundling refers to a company building service activities into its product offerings to
create additional value for the customer.

LO1-2: Know the potential career opportunities in operations and supply chain
management.

Careers in OSCM
• OSCM careers specialize in managing the planning, production, and distribution of goods and
services

• Operations and supply chain manager works with people to figure out the best way to deliver the
goods and services of the firm (what are the possible KPIs?)

• OSCM jobs are hands-on(動手做), working with people and figuring out the best way to do things

COO (Chief Operating Officer)


: Works with CEO and president to determine the company’s competitive strategy
COO determines 決定
Location
Facilities
Vendors to use
Implementation of the hiring policy
Once key decisions are made, lower-level operations personnel carry them out

OSCM Specialist Areas

Product design 產品設計


Purchasing 採購
Manufacturing 製造
Service operations 服務作業
Logistics 後勤
Distribution 配銷

Possible Careers in OSCM

作業管理 第 4 頁
LO1-3: Recognize the major concepts that define the operations and supply chain
management field.

Time Line Depicting When Major OSCM Concepts Became Popular 歷史

The Major Concepts that Define the OSCM Field

• Manufacturing strategy paradigm 大量生產典範


• Lean manufacturing, JIT, and TQC 精實生產
quality、on-time delivery

作業管理 第 5 頁
quality、on-time delivery
• Service quality and productivity
(By mcdonald
• Total quality management and quality certification
ISO 9000 certification
• Business process reengineering BPR 企業流程再造
• Six sigma quality
A set of diagnostic tool
• Supply chain management 供應鏈管理
• Electronic commerce 電子商務
• Sustainability and the triple bottom line 永續&三重基線
Business strategy that includes social, economic and environmental criteria
• Business analytics

Current Issues in Operations and Supply Chain Management

1. Coordinating the relationships between mutually supportive but separate organizations


2. Optimizing global supplier, production, and distribution networks
3. Managing customer touch points
4. Raising senior management awareness of OSCM as a significant competitive weapon
5. Sustainability and the triple bottom line

不少公司在企業目標中納入永續性(現在)，以符合三重基線(即社會、經濟及環境的主張。三重基線即
以社會、經濟及環境三個層面評量企業。

Triple Bottom Line (EES)

Environment
公司對環境的影響
Economic
公司有義務回饋 shareholders & stakeholders
Social
企業能否造福在地勞工及利害相關人

ESG criteria 企業ESG投資


Environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria are a set of standards for a company’s operations
that socially conscious investors use to screen potential investments.

Environment
Social
Governance

Corporate Social Responsibility CSR 企業社會責任


is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable—to itself, its
stakeholders, and the public.

作業管理 第 6 頁
LO1-4: Evaluate the efficiency of a firm.

Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Value

• Efficiency - doing something at the lowest possible cost


效率 do things right
• Effectiveness - doing the right things to create the most value for the company
效能 do right things
• Value - quality divided by price
Quality - the attractiveness of the product, considering its features and durability

Summary

• Processes are used to implement the strategy of the firm


• Analytics are used to support the ongoing decisions needed to manage the firm

• OSCM people specialize in managing the production of goods and services


• OSCM jobs are hands-on and require working with others and figuring out the best way to do things
• The chief operating officer (COO) works with the CEO and company president to determine the
company’s competitive strategy
• COOs determine an organization’s location, its facilities, which vendors to use, and how the hiring
policy will be implemented

• Many of the concepts that form the OSCM field have their origins in the Industrial Revolution in the
1800’s

作業管理 第 7 頁

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