Prepared by: Teacher

Jeanel Gregorio
 Objective
► The students will be
able to:
► Analyze the causes,
important events,
and effects of the
second world war.
Causes- Nationalism
► 1. Arab Revolt (1916-1918)- The
British thru T.E. Lawrence supported
the Arabs for their revolt against the
Ottoman empire who supported the
Central Powers during the WWI.
► 2. Pan-Africanism – the people in
Kenya and Libya asked from reforms
and independence from the
colonizers.
► 3. India- Mohandas Gandhi led the
Independence Movement.
Causes- Nationalism
► 4. Japan- the masses protested
against the zaibatsu (large
corporations) and shifted to
traditional Japanese ideals.
► 5. China- Sun Yat Sen led the
revolution against the imperial
government thru Kuomintang
Party, later on, established the
Chinese Republic.
Causes- Waning Democracy
► Great Depression (1929-1930)-
caused high unemployment,
worsening inflation, unfair labor
practices.
► Communism- is growing in
Russia with the rule of Lenin.
► Totalitarianism- a form of
government that uses absolute
control of the state.
v
Causes- Waning Democracy
► Italy
► King Victor Emmanuel-
relegated power to Benito
Mussolini as a Prime Minister who
introduced Fascism
► Fascism- a system of
hypernationalistic government
where a dictator absolutely
controls the lives of the citizens.
► It increased the Militarism in
Italy.
Causes- Waning Democracy
► Russia
► Lenin died in 1924
► Politburo- the decision making body of the
communist party encountered a power struggle
after the death of Lenin.
► Joseph Stalin- became a dictator
► Five-Year Plan- the project of Stalin of
transforming Russia into an economic
powerhouse that eliminated the private sectors
in land ownership.
► The Five-Year Plan led to famine and harsh
conditions in Russia
 Causes- Waning Democracy
► Germany
► Adolf Hitler- a soldier during World
War I
► Nazi Party (National Socialist German
Worker’s Party)- the strongest political
party in Germany led by Hitler
campaigning against communism and
democracy.
► Mein Kampf- the book of Hitler where
he outlined his ideals of his form of
government based on Social Darwinism.
 Causes- Waning Democracy
► Social Darwinism- a theory that
emphasize that powerful nations
and races have the right to conquer
the ‘less civilized’ nations.
► Enabling Act 1930- the temporary
constitution for 4 years of Germany
due to the suspension of the
Weimar Constitution. This gave
power to Hitler.
 Causes- Waning Democracy
► Concentration Camps- specialized prisons for those who oppose the
rule of Hitler. Jews and other undesired individuals were sent here also.
Causes- Alliances
► The Axis Powers- composed of
Germany, Italy, and Japan.
► Germany
► 1933- Hitler withdrew from the League
of Nations and planned to conquer the
Soviet Union to build the Third Reich
► 1935-Hitler started to militarize
Germany through an air-force act
violating the Treaty of Versailles.
► 1936- Hitler sent troops to Rhineland, a
demilitarized zone
Causes- Alliances

► First Reich-
Holy Roman Empire
► Second Reich- German Empire
► Third Reich- Nazi Party
 Causes- Alliances
► Italy
► 1935- Mussolini invaded
Ethiopia and welcomed the
support of Hitler
► Rome-Berlin Axis- a new
alliance of Italy and Germany
that gave rise to a new
dictator, Francisco Franco,
who was leading the Spanish
Civil War.
Causes- Alliances
► Japan
► Invaded Manchuria (a region of
China) renaming it Manchukuo.
► 1937- Japan declared war against
China
► New Asian Order- a belief that
Asian modernization lies at the
hands of a modernized Asian
nation.
Causes- Alliances
► Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere- an empire that Japan wanted to
establish in Asia. The Philippines was
one of the subjects of this plan.
► Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)- a pact
signed by Japan and Germany to limit
the rise of communism.
► Tripartite Pact (1940)- signed by
Germany, Italy, and Japan paved the way
for the establishment of the Axis
Powers.
War- Beginning
► Anschluss (1938)- the campaign to
unite all German territories.
► March 1938- Germany successfully
annexed Austria.
► Sudetenland was invaded.
► Munich Conference- a meeting with
British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain, Eduard Daladier (French),
Mussolini, and Hitler to make
concessions and Hitler demanded the
Czechs.
War- Beginning
► March 1939- Lithuania, Albania, and
Czechoslovakia were invaded by
Germany and Italy.
► Fuhrer (Great Leader)- a name given
to Hitler and declared himself as the
most powerful German.
► Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Act- a
negotiation between Stalin and
Hitler
The War
► September 1, 1939- German
forces invaded Poland.
► September 3, 1939- France
and Great Britain officially
declared war against Germany.
► It followed a series of war
declaration by the British
commonwealth in Asia and
Africa.
The War
► Blitzkrieg (lightning War)-
a war tactic by the Nazis
defined by its quick with
deadly precision using
airplanes and panzer tanks.
► September 17- Soviets
invaded the East of Poland
under the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
The War
► Maginot Line- the
boundary of Germany and
France in the Southern part
of Belgium where
French-British defense was
strong.
► Germany surprisingly
bypassed French troops
and attacked through
Belgium.
The War- Dunkirk Evacuation
► Dunkirk- is located on the
northernmost France near
the English Channel. The
shortest passage going to
Great Britain.
► The British Expeditionary
Force (BEF) was trapped
along Dunkirk. 338,000
troops were able to survive
through the British Royal
Navy.
The War
► June 10- Italy declared
war against France and
Britain.
► June 14- 3/5 of France was
invaded by Germany.
► Vichy France- a puppet
state established by
Germany in France.
The War- Britain’s Struggle
► Winston Churchill- called the
Britain to ‘never surrender by
blood, sweat, and tears’
► Germany bombed British cities
of Coventry and London to lower
their morale.
► 1940- Britain sought help from
the US
► Lend-Lease Act (1941)-
American assistance with the
British
War- The Holocaust
► Aryan Supremacy- the racial
belief of Hitler that Aryan is the
most superior race and other
races should be eliminated for the
greatness of the civilization.
► Einsatzgruppen –the final
solution of Hitler through
Reinhard Heydrich (Nazi Security
Service) the extermination of the
Jews or genocide, whom Hitler
believed as the unclean races.
War- The Holocaust
► Concentration Camps
(death camps)-Jewish
were beaten, tortured,
starved, and gassed to
death.
► 5-6 Million Jews died
during this period.
► ‘The greatest crime against
humanity’
The Philippines- Holocaust
► The
Philippines
became a
haven for
Jewish
immigrants.
War- Soviet Invasion
► Cause: Germany feared that
Russia would support Great
Britain in war.
► Operation Barbarossa
(June 22, 1941)- a surprise
invasion on Soviet soil,
sending 3 million German
soldiers.
► Germany gained control over
Ukraine, Leningrad, and
Moscow.
War- Soviet Invasion
► However, winter had come. It did
not anticipate by the Germans.
They lacked supplies of winter
uniforms, supply, and military
tactic.
► December, 1914- Soviets
prevented further German
invasion.
► February 1943- the last German
troops were defeated by the
Soviets.
War- The Allied Victories
► Grand Alliance- Great Britain, Soviet Union, and US
► Britain vs. Germany (Europe); US vs. Japan (Pacific)
► The Battles that favored the Allied
► 1. Battle of Midway (1942) – US vs. Japan: US crippled large
Japanese armies.
► 2. Battle of El Alamien (1942)- Britain vs. Germany: British pushed
back German tanks.
► 3. Battle of Stalingrad- Russia vs. Germany – Russia prevented
Germany to capture its territories.
War- Final Years
► 1943- axis forces in Tunisia
surrendered to the allies.
► Allies captures Sicily and
the defeat of Mussolini’s
Fascist forces.
► D-Day (Operation
Overlord/Normandy
Landing)- a plan to free
France and the rest of
Western Europe.
War- Final Years
► Battle of the Bulge- Germany
initially won over the troops sent as
part of the D-Day but the allied
forces regained victory.
► January 1945- Poland, Hungary,
Romania, and Bulgaria were
liberated.
► April 28, 1945- Mussolini was shot
dead
► April 30, 1945- Hitler committed
suicide
War- Pacific
► Japan vs. US
► General Hideki Tojo- sent envoys to negotiate a continued trade
with US and prevent its entry.
► US refused and established a military base in the Philippines.
► December 7, 1941- 360 Japanese aircrafts attacked Pearl Harbor
wherein 2500 Americans were killed.
► Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- a Japanese propaganda
with the slogan ‘Asia for Asians’ to impose its influence in Asia.
► 1942- Japan dominated much of Asia
War- Pacific
► July 27, 1945- the Allies called Japan to surrender
► Japan did not respond due to its internal conflict.
► August 6, 1945- Truman ordered the launching of the
atomic bomb to Hiroshima.
► August 9, 1945- another atomic bomb dropped in Nagasaki.
► August 14- Japan was almost in total destruction
► September 2, 1945- Japan surrendered officially ending World
War 2
► The dropping of bomb in Hiroshima, Japan
The aftermath
► 75 million people died; 6
million were Jews
► Poland- the most devastated
country in WWII
► Sudetenland- was returned to
Czechoslovakia
► Asia- Manila, considered as the
second most devastated city.
The aftermath
► Nationalism- became a widespread
phenomenon for nations seeking
independence from colonization.
► US & Russia rose into power after
the war.
► North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (West)- military
alliance of the Allied
► Soviet-sponsored Warsaw Pact
(East)
The aftermath
► Germany- divided into
► West: Federal Republic
of Germany (Allied
Powers)
► East: German
Democrat Republic
(Soviet Union)
Berlin Wall, Germany
The aftermath
► Korea- divided along the 38th
parallel (1948)
► North Korea- Soviet sponsored
► South Korea- US sponsored
► Arab-Israeli War is still going
on with the Arab rejection of
the UN Partition Plan for
Palestine.
 UN
► United Nations Charter (June
26, 1945)- signed by the original
51 member-states based on the
inconclusive deliberations and
peace talks.
► UN Security Council- composed
of US, USSR, Britain, France,
China
► Currently- composed of 193
member-states
UN

► Goals (page 268):