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Sample Size and Sampling Technique

This document discusses sampling and sample size determination. It provides examples of calculating sample sizes for different populations and margins of error. It reviews different sampling techniques including probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, and cluster random sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling techniques like convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The document emphasizes that probability sampling reduces the likelihood of bias compared to non-probability sampling. It provides guidance on choosing the appropriate sampling technique based on the population and study goals.

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Sanchez A. Ruben
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Sample Size and Sampling Technique

This document discusses sampling and sample size determination. It provides examples of calculating sample sizes for different populations and margins of error. It reviews different sampling techniques including probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, and cluster random sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling techniques like convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The document emphasizes that probability sampling reduces the likelihood of bias compared to non-probability sampling. It provides guidance on choosing the appropriate sampling technique based on the population and study goals.

Uploaded by

Sanchez A. Ruben
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Series 5

Sampling & Sample Size

Dr. Ruben A. Sanchez


Associate Professor 2
Recall: In quantitative research
Recommended Sample Size?
SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Sample
Infinite Population
= 384.16
Adjusted Sample Size

384.16
-------------------
1.0000012772

= 384.16
Practice:
Assuming you chose a 90% confidence level,
0.6 standard deviation, and a margin of error
(confidence interval) of +/- 4%. Assuming
total population is 1M.

Answer? 403.44

Adjusted Sample Size? 384.01 = 385


Assumption:
This should be remembered clearly that this equation assumes
the confidence level of 95% and the proportion of 0.50. Hence,
complete ignorance about the behavior of the population.
sample
respondents
Answer?

Sample size is 1,957


Practice Exercises:

1. What should be the representative sample size if the population from which the
sample will be taken is 10,000 and the desired margin of error is 2%.
Answer: 2,000 sample respondents.
2. A researcher wants to know the average income of the families living in Barangay A
which has 2,500 residents. Calculate the sample size the researcher will need if a 5%
margin of error is allotted.
Answer: 344.8 = 345 sample respondents.
What formula to use?

Review of related literatures


and studies
Sampling?
Is a process of selection.

Advantages of Sampling
1. Can save money

2. Easy to work with smaller

3. Can save time

4. Greater Accuracy
Target Population - entire group a researcher is interested in.

Sampled population - collection of elements from which the sample is taken

Sampling frame - list of sampling units


Two Types of Sampling
A. Probability Sampling or Random Sampling
 process in which the different units in the
population have equal probabilities of being chosen.

random selection - is performed by selecting a group of subjects (a


sample) for study from a larger group (a population).

Note: By using a random selection, the likelihood of bias is reduced

B. Non-Probability Sampling or non-random sampling

 does not involve random selection of samples.


Types of Probability Sampling or Random Sampling

1. Simple Random Sampling


 it is the basic sampling technique where a group of
subjects (a sample) is selected for study from a larger
group (a population).
Note: The most common techniques are by using strips of paper, the use
of a printed table of random numbers, or the use of random numbers
generated by many computer programs or scientific calculators

2. Stratified Random Sampling

 this sampling method involves dividing the population


into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple
random sample in each subgroup
3. Systematic Random Sampling
 method of selecting a sample by taking every kth unit
from the population, the first unit is selected at random.
Here k is called the sampling interval and the reciprocal
1/k is the sampling fraction.

4. Cluster Random Sampling


 this sampling method involves dividing the population
into a cluster, usually along geographic boundaries, then
randomly taking samples of clusters, and measuring all
units within sampled clusters.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling or Non-Random Sampling

1. Accidental, Haphazard, or Convenience Sampling


 this is one of the most common methods of sampling
which is primarily based on the convenience of the
researcher. Most examples are interviews conducted
frequently by television news programs to get a quick
(although non-representative) reading of the public
opinion.

2. Purposive Sampling
 samples are taken with a purpose in mind. Usually, one
or more specific predefined groups are sought
All of the methods below can be considered subcategories of
purposive sampling methods

Modal Instance Sampling Quota Sampling

Expert Sampling Heterogeneity Sampling

Snowball Sampling
What sampling technique to
use?

Review of related literatures


and studies
Clarifications/questions?

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