DAILY LESSON PLAN

Teacher: Quarter:

Grade Level Track: Grade 11/Academic 2021 Week/Teaching Date: Week 1/November 2, 2021

CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The Learners expanding their perspective on The learners shall be able to know the World
World Religions. Religion

I.LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners recognized the Sociological terms for different kinds of religious
organizations.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to;

A. Explain the differences between various types of religious organizations

B. Understand classifications of religion, like animism, polytheism, monotheism, and
atheism
C. Describe several major world religions

II. CONTENT
A. Subject Matter: World Religions
B. Concepts/Topics: historical and geographical contexts of the World Religious
C. References: https://www.courses.com.ph/senior-high-school-specialized-subject-
introduction-to-world-religions-and-belief-systems/
D. Materials: Cut-pictures, Laptop, Bible King James Version

III. TEACHING METHODOLOGIES

A. Preparatory Activities

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

a. Prayer One student will lead the class prayer readily.

b. Checking of Attendance Says Present and or directly checking
whose absent

c. Checking and Passing the Assignments

LESSON PROPER:

1. Review of the Previous Lessons

(The Teacher will show some words.)Read it the corresponding meaning on the
board.

2. Motivation
Icebreaker: The teacher asked question to the students and give 5pts to those
got the correct answers.
Question: What is the shortest verse in the bible?
Answer: John 11:35

3. Activity
Picture Prompt

Show the picture to the students and ask them to share their insights about the
presented image. Do not give the answer until they have explored at the
possible options.The discussion will be aided by Powerpoint presentation and
guided by the questions prepared by the teacher.
 Guid Question
Do you have Idea about World Religions?

4. ANALYSIS
Guide questions
A. What are the differences between various types of religious organizations

B. What are the classifications of religion, like animism, polytheism,

monotheism, and atheism
C. Describe several major world religions

Answers:
 Religious
What/Who Is Divine Example
Classification

Belief systems of the ancient Greeks and

Polytheism Multiple gods
Romans

Monotheism Single god Judaism, Islam

Atheism No deities Atheism

Nonhuman beings
Animism (animals, plants, Indigenous nature worship (Shinto)
natural world)

Human-natural being
Totemism Ojibwa (Native American) beliefs
connection

Answers: The major religions of the world (Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism,
Christianity, Taoism, and Judaism) differ in many respects, including how each religion is
organized and the belief system each upholds. Other differences include the nature of belief in a
higher power, the history of how the world and the religion began, and the use of sacred texts
and objects.

IV.ABSTRACTION

Teachers Activity Students Activity

Good Moorning Class!
Do you have an idea about World
Religions?

And now let me discussed about World

Religions.

Religions organize themselves—their

institutions, practitioners, and structures
—in a variety of fashions. For instance,
when the Roman Catholic Church
emerged, it borrowed many of its
organizational principles from the
ancient Roman military and turned
senators into cardinals, for example.
Sociologists use different terms, like
ecclesia, denomination, and sect, to
define these types of organizations.
Scholars are also aware that these
definitions are not static. Most religions
transition through different
organizational phases. For example,
Christianity began as a cult, transformed
into a sect, and today exists as an
ecclesia.

For instance, the Christian notion of the

Holy Trinity (God, Jesus, Holy Spirit)
defies the definition of monotheism,
which is a religion based on belief in a
single deity, to some scholars. Similarly,
many Westerners view the multiple
manifestations of Hinduism’s godhead
as polytheistic, which is a religion based
on belief in multiple deities,, while
Hindus might describe those
manifestations are a monotheistic
parallel to the Christian Trinity. Some
Japanese practice Shinto, which
follows animism, which is a religion that
believes in the divinity of nonhuman
beings, like animals, plants, and objects
of the natural world, while people who
practice totemism believe in a divine
connection between humans and other
natural beings.
It is also important to note that every
society also has nonbelievers, such
as atheists, who do not believe in a
divine being or entity, and agnostics,
who hold that ultimate reality (such as
God) is unknowable. While typically not
an organized group, atheists and
agnostics represent a significant portion
of the population. It is important to
recognize that being a nonbeliever in a
divine entity does not mean the
individual subscribes to no morality.
Indeed, many Nobel Peace Prize
winners and other great humanitarians
over the centuries would have classified
themselves as atheists or agnostics.

Religions have emerged and developed

across the world. Some have been
short-lived, while others have persisted
and grown. In this section, we will
explore seven of the world’s major
religions.

Hinduism

The oldest religion in the world,

Hinduism originated in the Indus River
Valley about 4,500 years ago in what is
now modern-day northwest India and
Pakistan. It arose contemporaneously
with ancient Egyptian and
Mesopotamian cultures. With roughly
one billion followers, Hinduism is the
third-largest of the world’s religions.
Hindus believe in a divine power that
can manifest as different entities. Three
main incarnations—Brahma, Vishnu,
and Shiva—are sometimes compared to
the manifestations of the divine in the
Christian Trinity.

Buddhism

Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha

Gautama around 500 B.C.E. Siddhartha
was said to have given up a
comfortable, upper-class life to follow
one of poverty and spiritual devotion. At
the age of thirty-five, he famously
meditated under a sacred fig tree and
vowed not to rise before he achieved
enlightenment (bodhi). After this
experience, he became known as
Buddha, or “enlightened one.” Followers
were drawn to Buddha’s teachings and
the practice of meditation, and he later
established a monastic order.
Confucianism

Confucianism was the official religion of

China from 200 B.C.E. until it was
officially abolished when communist
leadership discouraged religious
practice in 1949. The religion was
developed by Kung Fu-Tzu (Confucius),
who lived in the sixth and fifth centuries
B.C.E. An extraordinary teacher, his
lessons—which were about self-
discipline, respect for authority and
tradition, and jen (the kind treatment of
every person)—were collected in a book
called the Analects.

Some religious scholars consider

Confucianism more of a social system
than a religion because it focuses on
sharing wisdom about moral practices
but doesn’t involve any type of specific
worship; nor does it have formal objects.
In fact, its teachings were developed in
context of problems of social anarchy
and a near-complete deterioration of
social cohesion. Dissatisfied with the
social solutions put forth, Kung Fu-Tzu
developed his own model of religious
morality to help guide society (Smith
1991).

Taoism

In Taoism, the purpose of life is inner

peace and harmony. Tao is usually
translated as “way” or “path.” The
founder of the religion is generally
recognized to be a man named Laozi,
who lived sometime in the sixth century
B.C.E. in China. Taoist beliefs
emphasize the virtues of compassion
and moderation.

The central concept of tao can be

understood to describe a spiritual reality,
the order of the universe, or the way of
modern life in harmony with the former
two. The ying-yang symbol and the
concept of polar forces are central
Taoist ideas (Smith 1991). Some
scholars have compared this Chinese
tradition to its Confucian counterpart by
saying that “whereas Confucianism is
concerned with day-to-day rules of
conduct, Taoism is concerned with a
more spiritual level of being” (Feng and
English 1972).

Judaism

After their Exodus from Egypt in the

thirteenth century B.C.E., Jews, a
nomadic society, became monotheistic,
worshipping only one God. The Jews’
covenant, or promise of a special
relationship with Yahweh (God), is an
important element of Judaism, and their
sacred text is the Torah, which
Christians also follow as the first five
books of the Bible. Talmud refers to a
collection of sacred Jewish oral
interpretation of the Torah. Jews
emphasize moral behavior and action in
this world as opposed to beliefs or
personal salvation in the next world.

Islam

Islam is monotheistic religion and it

follows the teaching of the prophet
Muhammad, born in Mecca, Saudi
Arabia, in 570 C.E. Muhammad is seen
only as a prophet, not as a divine being,
and he is believed to be the messenger
of Allah (God), who is divine. The
followers of Islam, whose U.S.
population is projected to double in the
next twenty years (Pew Research
Forum 2011), are called Muslims.

Islam means “peace” and “submission.”

The sacred text for Muslims is the
Qur’an (or Koran). As with Christianity’s
Old Testament, many of the Qur’an
stories are shared with the Jewish faith.
Divisions exist within Islam, but all
Muslims are guided by five beliefs or
practices, often called “pillars”: 1) Allah
is the only god, and Muhammad is his
prophet, 2) daily prayer, 3) helping those
in poverty, 4) fasting as a spiritual
practice, and 5) pilgrimage to the holy
center of Mecca.

Christianity

Today the largest religion in the world,

Christianity began 2,000 years ago in
Palestine, with Jesus of Nazareth, a
charismatic leader who taught his
followers about caritas (charity) or
treating others as you would like to be
treated yourself.

The sacred text for Christians is the

Bible. While Jews, Christians, and
Muslims share many of same historical
religious stories, their beliefs verge. In
their shared sacred stories, it is
suggested that the son of God—a
messiah—will return to save God’s
followers. While Christians believe that
he already appeared in the person of
Jesus Christ, Jews and Muslims
disagree. While they recognize Christ as
an important historical figure, their
traditions don’t believe he’s the son of
God, and their faiths see the prophecy
of the messiah’s arrival as not yet
fulfilled.

Different Christian groups have

variations among their sacred texts. For
 instance, Mormons, an established
Christian sect, also use the Book of
Mormon, which they believe details
other parts of Christian doctrine and
Jesus’ life that aren’t included in the
Bible. Similarly, the Catholic Bible
includes the Apocrypha, a collection
that, while part of the 1611 King James
translation, is no longer included in
Protestant versions of the Bible.
Although monotheistic, Christians often
describe their god through three
manifestations that they call the Holy
Trinity: the father (God), the son
(Jesus), and the Holy Spirit. The Holy
Spirit is a term Christians often use to
describe religious experience, or how
they feel the presence of the sacred in
their lives. One foundation of Christian
doctrine is the Ten Commandments,
which decry acts considered sinful,
including theft, murder, and adultery.

Application: Now divide yourself into seven groups and each group will be given
one of the seven major world religions and discuss it into your group after 20
minutes each group will discuss their given world religion into the class.

Evaluation:

Short Quiz

1. Describe the seven major world religions?

Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, Islam and Christianity

A. What are the classifications of religion?

animism, polytheism, monotheism, and atheism
 V. ASSIGNMENT
Make a research about the Sociological terms for different kinds of religious
organizations

Prepared by:
Abegail D. Oben
Batch 16, Haggai Heening CPCE
November 2, 2021

Types of Religious Organizations

Religions organize themselves—their institutions, practitioners, and structures—in a variety of

fashions. For instance, when the Roman Catholic Church emerged, it borrowed many of its
organizational principles from the ancient Roman military and turned senators into cardinals, for
example. Sociologists use different terms, like ecclesia, denomination, and sect, to define these
types of organizations. Scholars are also aware that these definitions are not static. Most
religions transition through different organizational phases. For example, Christianity began as a
cult, transformed into a sect, and today exists as an ecclesia.

Cults, like sects, are new religious groups. In the United States today this term often carries
pejorative connotations. However, almost all religions began as cults and gradually progressed to
levels of greater size and organization. The term cult is sometimes used interchangeably with the
term new religious movement (NRM). In its pejorative use, these groups are often disparaged as
being secretive, highly controlling of members’ lives, and dominated by a single, charismatic
leader.

Controversy exists over whether some groups are cults, perhaps due in part to media
sensationalism over groups like polygamous Mormons or the Peoples Temple followers who died
at Jonestown, Guyana. Some groups that are controversially labeled as cults today include the
Church of Scientology and the Hare Krishna movement.

A sect is a small and relatively new group. Most of the well-known Christian denominations in the
United States today began as sects. For example, the Methodists and Baptists protested against
their parent Anglican Church in England, just as Henry VIII protested against the Catholic Church
by forming the Anglican Church. From “protest” comes the term Protestant.
Occasionally, a sect is a breakaway group that may be in tension with larger society. They
sometimes claim to be returning to “the fundamentals” or to contest the veracity of a particular
doctrine. When membership in a sect increases over time, it may grow into a denomination.
Often a sect begins as an offshoot of a denomination, when a group of members believes they
should separate from the larger group.

Some sects dissolve without growing into denominations. Sociologists call these established
sects. Established sects, such as the Amish or Jehovah’s Witnesses fall halfway between sect
and denomination on the ecclesia–cult continuum because they have a mixture of sect-like and
denomination-like characteristics.

A denomination is a large, mainstream religious organization, but it does not claim to be official or
state sponsored. It is one religion among many. For example, Baptist, African Methodist
Episcopal, Catholic, and Seventh-day Adventist are all Christian denominations.

The term ecclesia, originally referring to a political assembly of citizens in ancient Athens,

Greece, now refers to a congregation. In sociology, the term is used to refer to a religious group
that most all members of a society belong to. It is considered a nationally recognized, or official,
religion that holds a religious monopoly and is closely allied with state and secular powers. The
United States does not have an ecclesia by this standard; in fact, this is the type of religious
organization that many of the first colonists came to America to escape.
How might you classify the Mennonites? As a cult, a sect, or a denomination? (Photo courtesy of
Frenkieb/flickr)

One way to remember these religious organizational terms is to think of cults, sects,
denominations, and ecclesia representing a continuum, with increasing influence on society,
where cults are least influential and ecclesia are most influential.

Types Of Religions

Scholars from a variety of disciplines have strived to classify religions. One widely accepted
categorization that helps people understand different belief systems considers what or who
people worship (if anything). Using this method of classification, religions might fall into one of
these basic categories.
 Religious Classification What/Who Is Divine Exam

Polytheism Multiple gods Belie

Monotheism Single god Juda

Atheism No deities Athe

Animism Nonhuman beings (animals, plants, natural world) Indig

Totemism Human-natural being connection Ojibw

One way scholars have categorized religions is by classifying what or wh

Note that some religions may be practiced—or understood—in various categories. For instance,
the Christian notion of the Holy Trinity (God, Jesus, Holy Spirit) defies the definition
of monotheism, which is a religion based on belief in a single deity, to some scholars. Similarly,
many Westerners view the multiple manifestations of Hinduism’s godhead as polytheistic, which
is a religion based on belief in multiple deities,, while Hindus might describe those manifestations
are a monotheistic parallel to the Christian Trinity. Some Japanese practice Shinto, which
follows animism, which is a religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals,
plants, and objects of the natural world, while people who practice totemism believe in a divine
connection between humans and other natural beings.

It is also important to note that every society also has nonbelievers, such as atheists, who do not
believe in a divine being or entity, and agnostics, who hold that ultimate reality (such as God) is
unknowable. While typically not an organized group, atheists and agnostics represent a
significant portion of the population. It is important to recognize that being a nonbeliever in a
divine entity does not mean the individual subscribes to no morality. Indeed, many Nobel Peace
Prize winners and other great humanitarians over the centuries would have classified themselves
as atheists or agnostics.

The World’s Religions

Religions have emerged and developed across the world. Some have been short-lived, while
others have persisted and grown. In this section, we will explore seven of the world’s major
religions.

Hinduism
Hindu women sometimes apply decorations of henna dye to their hands for special occasions
such as weddings and religious festivals. (Photo courtesy of Akash Mazumdar)

The oldest religion in the world, Hinduism originated in the Indus River Valley about 4,500 years
ago in what is now modern-day northwest India and Pakistan. It arose contemporaneously with
ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures. With roughly one billion followers, Hinduism is the
third-largest of the world’s religions. Hindus believe in a divine power that can manifest as
different entities. Three main incarnations—Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva—are sometimes
compared to the manifestations of the divine in the Christian Trinity.

Multiple sacred texts, collectively called the Vedas, contain hymns and rituals from ancient India
and are mostly written in Sanskrit. Hindus generally believe in a set of principles called dharma,
which refer to one’s duty in the world that corresponds with “right” actions. Hindus also believe in
karma, or the notion that spiritual ramifications of one’s actions are balanced cyclically in this life
or a future life (reincarnation).
Buddhism promotes peace and tolerance. The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) is one of the
most revered and influential Tibetan Buddhist leaders. (Photo courtesy of Nancy Pelosi/flickr)

Buddhism

Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama around 500 B.C.E. Siddhartha was said to have
given up a comfortable, upper-class life to follow one of poverty and spiritual devotion. At the age
of thirty-five, he famously meditated under a sacred fig tree and vowed not to rise before he
achieved enlightenment (bodhi). After this experience, he became known as Buddha, or
“enlightened one.” Followers were drawn to Buddha’s teachings and the practice of meditation,
and he later established a monastic order.

Buddha’s teachings encourage Buddhists to lead a moral life by accepting the four Noble Truths:
1) life is suffering, 2) suffering arises from attachment to desires, 3) suffering ceases when
attachment to desires ceases, and 4) freedom from suffering is possible by following the “middle
way.” The concept of the “middle way” is central to Buddhist thinking, which encourages people
to live in the present and to practice acceptance of others (Smith 1991). Buddhism also tends to
deemphasize the role of a godhead, instead stressing the importance of personal responsibility
(Craig 2002).
Meditation is an important practice in Buddhism. A Tibetan monk is shown here engaged in
solitary meditation. (Photo courtesy of Prince Roy/flickr)

Confucianism

Confucianism was the official religion of China from 200 B.C.E. until it was officially abolished
when communist leadership discouraged religious practice in 1949. The religion was developed
by Kung Fu-Tzu (Confucius), who lived in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. An extraordinary
teacher, his lessons—which were about self-discipline, respect for authority and tradition,
and jen (the kind treatment of every person)—were collected in a book called the Analects.

Some religious scholars consider Confucianism more of a social system than a religion because
it focuses on sharing wisdom about moral practices but doesn’t involve any type of specific
worship; nor does it have formal objects. In fact, its teachings were developed in context of
problems of social anarchy and a near-complete deterioration of social cohesion. Dissatisfied
with the social solutions put forth, Kung Fu-Tzu developed his own model of religious morality to
help guide society (Smith 1991).

Taoism
In Taoism, the purpose of life is inner peace and harmony. Tao is usually translated as “way” or
“path.” The founder of the religion is generally recognized to be a man named Laozi, who lived
sometime in the sixth century B.C.E. in China. Taoist beliefs emphasize the virtues of
compassion and moderation.

The central concept of tao can be understood to describe a spiritual reality, the order of the
universe, or the way of modern life in harmony with the former two. The ying-yang symbol and
the concept of polar forces are central Taoist ideas (Smith 1991). Some scholars have compared
this Chinese tradition to its Confucian counterpart by saying that “whereas Confucianism is
concerned with day-to-day rules of conduct, Taoism is concerned with a more spiritual level of
being” (Feng and English 1972).

Judaism

After their Exodus from Egypt in the thirteenth century B.C.E., Jews, a nomadic society, became
monotheistic, worshipping only one God. The Jews’ covenant, or promise of a special
relationship with Yahweh (God), is an important element of Judaism, and their sacred text is the
Torah, which Christians also follow as the first five books of the Bible. Talmud refers to a
collection of sacred Jewish oral interpretation of the Torah. Jews emphasize moral behavior and
action in this world as opposed to beliefs or personal salvation in the next world.

The Islamic house of worship is called a mosque. (Photo courtesy of David Stanley/flickr)
Islam

Islam is monotheistic religion and it follows the teaching of the prophet Muhammad, born in
Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 C.E. Muhammad is seen only as a prophet, not as a divine being,
and he is believed to be the messenger of Allah (God), who is divine. The followers of Islam,
whose U.S. population is projected to double in the next twenty years (Pew Research Forum
2011), are called Muslims.

Islam means “peace” and “submission.” The sacred text for Muslims is the Qur’an (or Koran). As
with Christianity’s Old Testament, many of the Qur’an stories are shared with the Jewish faith.
Divisions exist within Islam, but all Muslims are guided by five beliefs or practices, often called
“pillars”: 1) Allah is the only god, and Muhammad is his prophet, 2) daily prayer, 3) helping those
in poverty, 4) fasting as a spiritual practice, and 5) pilgrimage to the holy center of Mecca.

cornerstones of Muslim practice is journeying to the religion’s most sacred place, Mecca. (Photo
courtesy of Raeky/flickr)

Christianity

Today the largest religion in the world, Christianity began 2,000 years ago in Palestine, with
Jesus of Nazareth, a charismatic leader who taught his followers about caritas (charity) or
treating others as you would like to be treated yourself.

The sacred text for Christians is the Bible. While Jews, Christians, and Muslims share many of
same historical religious stories, their beliefs verge. In their shared sacred stories, it is suggested
that the son of God—a messiah—will return to save God’s followers. While Christians believe
that he already appeared in the person of Jesus Christ, Jews and Muslims disagree. While they
recognize Christ as an important historical figure, their traditions don’t believe he’s the son of
God, and their faiths see the prophecy of the messiah’s arrival as not yet fulfilled.

Different Christian groups have variations among their sacred texts. For instance, Mormons, an
established Christian sect, also use the Book of Mormon, which they believe details other parts of
Christian doctrine and Jesus’ life that aren’t included in the Bible. Similarly, the Catholic Bible
includes the Apocrypha, a collection that, while part of the 1611 King James translation, is no
longer included in Protestant versions of the Bible. Although monotheistic, Christians often
describe their god through three manifestations that they call the Holy Trinity: the father (God),
the son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is a term Christians often use to describe
religious experience, or how they feel the presence of the sacred in their lives. One foundation of
Christian doctrine is the Ten Commandments, which decry acts considered sinful, including theft,
murder, and adultery.

SUMMARY

Sociological terms for different kinds of religious organizations are, in order of decreasing
influence in society, ecclesia, denomination, sect, and cult. Religions can be categorized
according to what or whom its followers worship. Some of the major, and oldest, of the world’s
religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

SHORT ANSWER

1. Consider the different types of religious organizations in the United States. What role did
ecclesia play in the history of the United States? How have sects tended to change over
time? What role do cults have today?
2. What is your understanding of monotheism versus polytheism? How might your ideology
be an obstacle to understanding the theism of another religion you’re unfamiliar with?
3. In U.S. society, do you believe there is social stratification that correlates with religious
beliefs? What about within the practitioners of a given religion? Provide examples to
illustrate your point.

GLOSSARY

animism
the religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and
objects of the natural world
atheism
the belief in no deities
cults
religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members and have a
charismatic leader
denomination
a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state
ecclesia
 a religion that is considered the state religion
established sects
sects that last but do not become denominations
monotheism
a religion based on belief in a single deity
polytheism
a religion based on belief in multiple deities
sect
a small, new offshoot of a denomination
totemism
the belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings

Further Research

PBS’s Frontline explores “the life of Jesus and the rise of Christianity” in this in-depth
documentary. View the piece in its entirety here: http://openstaxcollege.org/l/PBS_Frontline.

For more insight on Confucianism, read the Analects by Confucius,

at http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Confucius_Analects. For a primer on Judaism, read Judaism 101
at http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Jew_FAQ.

Sorting through the different Christian denominations can be a daunting task. To help clarify
these groups, go to http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Christian_denominations.

References

Craig, Mary, transl. 2002. The Pocket Dalai Lama. Boston, MA: Shambhala.

Feng, Gia-fu, and Jane English, transl. 1972. “Introduction” in Tao Te Ching. New York: Random
House.

Holy Bible: 1611 Edition, King James Version. 1982 [1611]. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.

Smith, Huston. 1991 [1958]. The World’s Religions. San Francisco, CA: Harper Collins.