DNA Structure
DNA Structure
Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Chromosomes and DNA
1) Complete the starter.
2) Copy the date and the title.
3) Send a private message.
4) Extension: Research and private message
me the different structures found inside
bacterial cells and how they are different to
animal cells.
DNA Structure
B2.5 State the location of DNA inside a typical animal and plant cell
B2.6 Describe how DNA is packaged into the nucleus
B2.7 Explain what is meant by the term gene .
B2.8a Explain that the order of the bases in DNA is crucial in coding for the
protein.
B2.8b Describe how different genes can create different proteins
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Complimentary base pairing
The number of A and T bases in a DNA sequence will
always be the same.
The number of G and C bases in a DNA sequence will
always be the same.
Example:
If 20% of a DNA sequence is A.
there is also 20% T.
A = 20%
T = 20%
This means, the rest of the bases are C and G.
100% 40% = 60%
therefore, C + G = 60%
C= 30%
G = 30%
Assessment: Private Message
In humans, approximately 30% of the
bases are Adenine.
a) What is the percentage of Thymine?
b) What is the percentage of cytosine?
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Assessment: Private Message
In monkeys, approximately 25% of the
bases are Cytosine.
a) What is the percentage of Thymine?
b) What is the percentage of Guanine?
Practice Questions
Copy and complete.
1) A section of elephant DNA has 230 adenine bases.
How many thymines will be found in that segment of
DNA? (2)
2) In a piece of Koala DNA, 40% of the bases are
Adenine.
a) What percentage of the bases are thymine? (1)
b) What percentage of the bases are cytosine? (3)
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
B2.4 Create bar charts to show the percentage of DNA bases front different DNA
strands
2) In a piece of Koala DNA, 40% of the bases are Adenine.
a) What percentage of the bases are thymine? (1)
b) What percentage of the bases are cytosine? (3)
A = 40%
T = 40%
C = 10%
G = 10%
Percentage (%)
Bases
Practice Questions
In humans, approximately 35% of the bases are
Guanine.
a) What is the percentage of Adenine?
b) What is the percentage of cytosine?
c) What is the percentage of Thymine?
Draw a bar chart to represent this.
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
B2.5 State the location of DNA inside a typical animal and plant cell
DNA in animal and Plant cells is found inside the
Nucleus.
The Nucleus contains long strands of DNA are coiled into
threadlike structures called chromosomes.
Different sections of the chromosomes are called Genes
Coiling up the DNA packages it up neatly and means
it is easier to store inside the nucleus.
Assessment: Private Chat
1) What is this structure called?
2) What are the brackets showing?
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Practice Questions
1) State where DNA is found inside an animal
and plant cell. (1)
2) Define a Chromosome. (2)
3) Define a gene. (2)
4) Explain why DNA is found as chromosomes.
(2)
Genes
Genes
Section of DNA that codes of a specific protein. e.g.
Eye colour/ Hair colour
Different genes code for different proteins.
This is because different genes have a different order
of DNA bases
e.g.
A T C G T C T G C A C
Gene A Gene B
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Amino acids and Proteins
e.g.
A T C G T C T G C A C
Gene A Gene B
Gene A is the code of one amino acid.
Gene B is the code for another amino acid.
The sequence of amino acids folds into a protein.
The order of DNA bases determines the overall shape of
the proteins produced.
DNA and proteins
The sequence of DNA determines the overall shape of
the proteins produced.
Sequence A
A T C T T A C G A C G A
Sequence B
A T A C G C A T A
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3. Chromosomes and Genes.notebook February 24, 2021
Factors that can affect shape of protein:
different base sequence
different types of amino acids
different numbers of amino acids
different order of amino acids