Chap 7 : Control and Coordination www.cbse.

online

CHAPTER 7
Control and Coordination

ONE MARK QUESTIONS of pollen tubes towards ovules?

Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Chemotropism.
1. Name two specialised tissues that provide control and
coordination in multicellular organisms. 10. Why endocrine glands release their secretions into the
Ans : [CBSE 2016] blood?
Nervous and muscular tissues. Ans : [CBSE 2014]
It is because endocrine glands are ductless.
2. List two body functions that will be affected if
cerebellum gets damaged. 11. At the time of puberty, both boys and girls show
Ans : [CBSE 2016] lots of changes in appearance. Name the hormones
responsible for these changes.
a. Walking in a straight line.
b. Picking up a thing from the ground. Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Testosterone in male and oestrogen in females.
3. Write the role of motor areas in brain.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Motor areas of the brain control the movement of
voluntary muscles.

4. Give the scientific names of the following regions of

the human brain:
a. Region for sight.
b. Region which controls salivation.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
a. Temporal lobe (of the forebrain)
b. Medulla (of the hindbrain)

5. All information for our environment is detected by

specialised tips of some nerve cells. Write the name
given to such tips and also mention where are they 12. Which system facilitates the communication between
located? central nervous system and other parts of the body?
Ans : [CBSE 2014] Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Receptors. They are located in sense organs. Endocrine system.

6. State the function of: 13. Which gland secretes growth hormone in human
a. gustatory receptors beings?
b. olfactory receptors Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Ans : [CBSE 2014] Pituitary gland.
a. To detect taste.
14. Which mechanism control timing and amount of
b. To detect smell.
hormone released?
7. Which part of the nervous system controls reflex arcs? Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Ans : [CBSE 2014] Feedback mechanism.
Spinal cord.
15. Define‘Chemotropism’.
8. What type of movement is shown by mimosa plant Ans : [CBSE 2013]
leaves when touched with a finger? Chemotropism is a nastic response towards the
Ans : [CBSE 20141 chemicals like the germination of pollen tube when
Nastic movement. pollen grain lands on stigma.

9. Which tropic movement is responsible for the growth

Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com
16. What are hormones? through which information travels as an electrical
Ans : [CBSE 2013] impulse.
Dendrite $ a $ b$ End point of Neuron
Hormones are the chemical substances secreted in
trace amounts by specialised tissue called endocrine Ans : [Al 2018, CBSE 2017]
glands. (a) Tongue / Nose.
(b) a $ Cell body, b $ axon
17. Name two tissues that provide control and coordination
in multicellular animals. 27. Define neuron. Name the parts of the neuron where:
Ans : [CBSE 2013] a. information is acquired.
b. impulse must be converted into a chemical signal
(i) Nervous tissue (ii) Endocrine tissue.
for onward transmission?
18. What is synapse? Ans : [CBSE 2016]
Ans : [CBSE 2013] Neuron is a functional and structural unit of nervous
Synapse is the functional junction between two system. These cells are specialised for conducting
neurons. It is a gap junction point between nerve information via electrical impulses from one part of
endings of one neuron and dendrites of another neuron. the body to another.
(a) dendrites (b) end of axon.
19. Define ‘reflex action’.
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Reflex action is a sudden, involuntary, spontaneous
response to the stimulus that is usually helpful to
protect ourselves from any kind of harm.

20. Name the sensory receptors found in the nose and on

the tongue.
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Olfactory receptors, gustatory receptors.

21. Give one example of chemotropism.

Ans : [CBSE 2012]
The growth of pollen tube towards ovule.
28. Write two differences between the response of the
22. Name the plant hormone responsible for the promotion plants and response of the animals to stimuli?
of cell division. Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Ans : [CBSE 2010]
Cytokinin. Plants Animals
1. No specific or Specialised
23. How is nerve impulses get transmitted across the specialized tissue tissues are present
synapse? present for conduction in the body for
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2014-15] of information. conduction of
Neuron ending transmit the nerve impulse to dendrite of information.
next neuron through the chemical (neurotransmitter). 2. Plant cells change Specialised proteins
shape by changing the are found in muscle
24. What will happen to a plant shoot if sunlight falls
amount of water in cells which help in
on it from one direction only? What do you call this them. changing the shape.
movement?
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2012-13] 29. Trace the sequences of events through a reflex arc
Shoot will bend towards light. Phototropism. which occur when a bright light is focused on your
eyes.
25. How is spinal cord protected? Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2010-11]
Vertebral column made by vertebrae protects the
spinal cord.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

26. (a) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory

receptor present in human beings.
(b) Write a and b in the given flow chart of neuron
30. How does feedback mechanism regulate the hormone
Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com
 secretion? Adrenaline. It increase the heart rate, breathing rate
Ans : [CBSE 2014] so that more blood can be pumped and oxygen can be
supplied to the muscles. Blood supply is cut off from
The feedback mechanism regulates the timing and
skin and sent to muscles. The action of this hormone
amount of hormone to be secreted, e.g., if a person
prepares the person to face the situation so that either
has more sugar in his blood, this is detected by the
he/she may run away or fight.
cells of the pancreas. As a result, more insulin will be
secreted to oxidise the sugar. In a reverse situation, 37. How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
the secretion of insulin will be reduced. Explain with the help of three examples.
31. What is meant by hydrotropism? Give an example. Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Ans : [CBSE 2013] In plants, chemical coordination occurs through
various phytohormones.
The response of a plant towards water is called
a. Auxins secreted by growing tissues. They provide
hydrotropism. The roots of plants show positive
growth of plants.
hydrotropism.
b. Gibberelins cause stem elongation, seed
32. Define phototropism and give one example. germination and flowering.
c. Cytokinins present in areas of actively dividing
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
cells like fruits, seeds. Promote cell division.
Movement of plant parts towards the light is called d. Abscisic acid inhibits growth and respond to
phototropism, e.g., stem of plant usually move towards environmental stress.
light.

33. Tendrils encircle or coil around the object in contact

with it. Elaborate.
Ans : [CBSE 2011, 2012, 2013]
Tendrils are sensitive to touch. When they come in
contact with any support, the part of the tendril in
contact with the object does not grow as rapidly as
the part of the tendril away from the object. This
causes the tendril to circle around the object and
thus, cling to it.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

38. Illustrate with the help of a diagram, the effect of

34. Name the hormones secreted by the following
endocrine glands and specify one function of each: auxins in different parts of a plant.
(a) Thyroid (b) Pituitary (c) Pancreas Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Ans : [All India 2018, CBSE 2017]
a. Thyroid: Secretes Throxine. It regulates
metabolism of carbo¬hydrates, fats and proteins.
b. Pituitary: Secretes growth harmone. Growth
harmone regulates growth and development of
body.
c. Pancreas: Secretes insulin. Insulin lowers blood
sugar level.

35. State how concentration of auxins stimulates the cells

to grow longer on the side of shoot which is away from
light?
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2016-17]
Auxin form in the shoot tip but diffuse toward the
part which is in shade/away from the light. 39. a. An old man is advised by his doctor to take less
sugar in his diet. Name the disease from which
The concentration on shady part increase
the man is suffering. Mention the hormone due
stimulation cells in this part to elongate. The side of
to imbalance of which he is suffering from this
shoot on this side grows longer than the part in light
disease. Which endocrine gland secretes this
hence bend towards light.
hormone?
36. Name the hormone which is secreted by the adrenal b. Name the endocrine gland which secretes growth
gland. How does this hormone help to deal with the hormone. What will be its effect on a person if
scary situations? there is:
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2016-17] (i) Deficiency of growth hormones?

Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com

 (ii) Excess secretion of growth hormones? 43. Give reasons:
Ans : [CBSE 2014] a. Pituitary is often termed as master endocrine
gland.
a. The man is suffering with the disease Diabetes.
b. Pancreas helps in digestion and also regulates
Insulin is the hormone which is responsible for
blood sugar level.
this disease. Pancreas secretes this hormone.
c. Adrenals are known as glands of emergency.
b. Pituitary gland.
(1) Deficiency of growth hormone causes Ans : [CBSE 2014]
dwarfism. a. Pituitary is often called as master endocrine gland
(2) Excess secretion of growth hormone cause because it controls and coordinates the secretion
gigantism in a person. of all the other endocrine glands.
b. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice as well as a
40. a. Give the functions of cerebellum (any two). hormone called as insulin. Pancreatic juice helps
b. Name the components of central nervous system. in digestion whereas insulin regulates blood sugar
Ans : [CBSE 2014] level.
a. (i) Cerebellum is responsible for precision of c. Adrenalin is secreted directly into the blood and
voluntary action. is carried to different parts of the body. It acts on
(ii) It maintains the posture and balance of the heart. As a result, the heart beats faster in order
body. to supply more oxygen to our muscles. The blood
b. The components of central nervous system are: (i) to the digestive system and skin is reduced due
Brain (ii) Spinal cord. to contraction of muscles around small arteries
in these organs. This diverts the blood to our
41. a. Identify the phytohormone used by plants while skeletal muscles. The breathing rate also increases
performing the following functions: because of the contractions of the diaphragm
1. Cell division in shoot tip. and the rib muscles. All these responses together
2. Inhibiting growth on approach of unfavourable enable the animal body to get ready to deal with
conditions. the situation.
b. List in tabular form two differences between the
movement in ‘touch me not’ plant and movement 44. The two glands A and B which occur in pairs are
of shoot towards light. present in endocrine system. The pair of glands A is
found only in females whereas the pair of glands B
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
occur only in males. The gland A make and secrete
a. (1) Auxin, (2) Abscisic acid. hormone C whereas gland B make and secrete hormone
b. E. In addition to hormone, gland A makes gamete F
Movement of shoot Movement in “Touch whereas gland B makes gamete G.
towards light me not’ plant (Nastic a. What are glands A and B?
(Phototropism) movement) b. Name the hormone C and E
c. Name the gamete F and G.
1. It is slow response It is an immediate
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2013-14]
towards any stimulus. response towards a
stimulus. a. glands A - ovaries B-testes
b. Hormone C - oestrogen E-testosterone
2. It is directional. It is non-directional.
c. The gamete F - ova G-sperms
3. It is growth It is growth
dependent. independent. 45. ‘Brain and spinal cord are two vital organs of our
body’. How is our body designed to protect them?
42. Answer the following: Ans : [CBSE 2013]
a. Name the endocrine gland associated with brain.
Brain is protected a bony box contained in ‘ a fluid-
b. Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as
filled balloon which protects from shocks.
hormone?
c. Name the endocrine gland associated with Vertebral column protects the spinal cord or both
kidneys. are protected by protective layers called meninges,
d. Which endocrine gland is present in males but not protective fluid (CSF $ cerebrospinal fluid).
in females?
e. Which hormone is responsible for changes in 46. Draw and label a neuron. Explain how it carries
females during puberty? messages.
f. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which Ans : [CBSE S.P. 2012-13]
hormone? Information from the environment is detected by
Ans : [CBSE 2014] dendritic tip of a neuron located in the sense organ.
a. Pituitary gland, A chemical reaction sets off here and it creates an
b. Pancreas, electrical impulse which travels from dendrite to cell
c. Adrenal gland, body and then along the axon to its endings where it
d. Testes, sets off the release of some chemicals. The chemicals
e. Oestrogen, cross the synapse and set off a similar electrical
f. Thyroxine. impulse in dendrites of next neuron. Another synapse
Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com
 at the end of its axon delivers the impulse to the other Ans : [CBSE 2011]
cells like muscles cells / glands (effector organs) which a. Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to
react to perform the action. brain. Motor neurons carry impulses from brain
to effectors.
b. The brain is kept inside a bony box (skull). Inside
the box, the brain is contained in a fluid-filled
balloon which provides further shock absorption.
This fluid is known as Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

47. Which hormone is secreted during emergency

situations like anger or excitement? How does it help
the human body to handle such situations?
or
How does our body respond when adrenaline is
secreted in to the blood?
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2012-13]
Adrenaline is secreted during emergency situations.
Heart beats faster, supply of more oxygen to muscles,
51. (a) What is reflex arc?
more blood to skeletal muscles, increased breathing
(b) What are the components of reflex arc?
rate. It provides energy to muscles to act swiftly.
(c) How do muscle cells move?
48. a. Name the part of brain which controls Ans : [CBSE 2011]
(1) voluntary action, a. The process of detecting the signal or the input
(2) involuntary action. and responding to it by an output action might be
b. What is the significance of the peripheral nervous completed quickly. Such a connection is commonly
system? Name the components of this nervous called reflex arc.
system and distinguish between the origin of the b. Stimulus " Receptors " Sensory neurons "
two. Spinal cord " Motor neurons " Effector.
Ans : [CBSE 2012] c. Muscle cells have special proteins that change
a. (1) Voluntary actions - cerebellum; their shape and arrangement in the cell in response
(2) Involuntary action — medulla oblongata. to electrical impulse. This leads the muscle cells
b. The communication between the central nervous shortening.
system and the other parts of the body is facilitated
52. a. If the cerebellum is not functioning properly, what
by the peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerves
are the activities of our body affected?
arise from the brain; spinal nerves arise from the
b. How do muscle cells move?
spinal cord.
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
49. a. Name the diseases by which a person is likely a. If the cerebellum is not functioning properly,
to suffer due to the deficiency of: (i) iodine (ii) voluntary action of our body will be affected
insulin maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
b. How the timing of secretion and amount of b. Muscle cells move by changing their shape so that
hormone secretion are regulated in human system. they get shorten.
Explain with example.
Ans : [CBSE 2012,13] 53. a. Name the hormone which is injected to a diabetic
patient.
a. (i) Goitre (ii) Diabetes.
b. Why should we use iodised salt in our diet?
b. The timing and amount of hormone released are
c. If iodine is insufficient in one’s diet, what might
regulated by feedback mechanisms, e.g., if the
be the deficiency disease and its symptoms?
sugar levels in blood rise, they are detected by the
cells of the pancreas which respond by producing Ans : [CBSE 2011]
more insulin. As the blood sugar level falls, insulin a. Insulin.
secretion is reduced. b. Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to
secrete thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine regulates
50. a. Differentiate between sensory neurons and motor carbohydrates, proteins and fat metabolism in the
neurons. body, to provide best balance for growth.
b. How is brain protected in our body? Name the c. If iodine is insufficient in one’s diet, iodine
part of the brain responsible for precision of deficiency disease called goitre occurs. Symptom
voluntary actions and maintaining body posture is swollen neck.
and balance of the body.
Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com
54. What are hormones? Name the hormone produced by
thyroid gland and state its function.
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2010-11]
Chemical coordination in animals occurs through
chemicals called hormones which are secreted by
endocrine glands. Thyroxin hormone.
It regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, fats
and proteins. It is advisable to consume iodized salt
in our food as iodine is required by our thyroid gland
to produce thyroxin hormone. If it lacks in our body
goiter may occur due to enlargement of thyroid in the
neck region.

55. Name the hormones secreted by thyroid, parathyroid Functions

and pancreas. a. Cerebellum which controls posture, balance of
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2010-11] body and accurate voluntary movements.
a. Thyroid gland: It secretes thyroxine hormone. b. Pons regulates respiration
b. Parathyroid gland: It secretes calcitonin hormone. c. Medulla oblongata which controls involuntary
c. Pancreas: It secretes two hormones: actions like blood pressure, salivation, vomiting
(a) Insulin (b) Glucagon etc.

56. Name the hormone synthesised at the shoot tips. How 58. Give the function(s) of the following plant hormones:
does it help the plant to respond to light? a. Auxins
b. Gibberellins
Ans : [CBSE 2010]
c. Cytokinins
Auxin is synthesised at the shoot tips when growing d. Abscisic acid
plant detects light and helps the cells to grow longer. e. Ethylene
When light is coming from one side of the plant, Ans : [CBSE 2015]
auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot. a. Auxins promote cell elongation, root formation,
This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to cell division, etc. It also promote fruit growth.
grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away b. Gibberellins stimulate stem elongation, seed
from light. Thus, the plant appears to bend towards germination and flowering.
light. c. Cytokinins help in breaking the dormancy of
seeds and buds. They delay ageing in leaves. They
also promote the opening of stomata.
d. Abscisic acid promotes falling of leaves and fruits.
e. Ethylene promotes ripening of fruits.

59. (a) Draw the structure of a neuron and label the

following on it:
Nucleus, Dendrite, Cell body and Axon.
(b) Name the part of neuron
(i) Where information is acquired.
(ii) Through which information travels as an
electrical impulse.
Ans : [CBSE 2013, Al 2008]
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS a.

57. Draw a labelled diagram of human brain. Discuss

functions of cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla.
or
Draw and describe the role of various parts of human
brain.
Ans : [CBSE S.R 2016-17]
Human brain has three major parts:
a. Fore-Brain contains mainly cerebrum.
b. Mid-brain.
c. Hind-brain.
b. (i) Dendrite (ii) Axon.

60. Describe an activity to illustrate the phenomenon of

Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com
 phototropism and explain why does this occur.
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
a. Take a plant and make such an arrangement that
it receives the light coming from a window as
shown in the figure and observe it for few days.

b. Now, turn the flask so that the shoots are away

from light and the roots towards light. Leave it
undisturbed in this condition for a few days.
c. Again, observe carefully to find the difference in
the movement.
d. When growing plants detect light, auxin,
synthesized at the shoot tip, helps the cells to
grow longer. Auxin always diffuses towards the
shady side of the shoot. This concentrations of
auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the
side of the shoot which is away from light. Thus,
the plant appears to bend towards light.

61. (a) What is phototropism and geotropism? With

labelled diagrams describe an activity to show
that light and gravity change the direction that
plant part grows in.
(b) Mention the role of each of the following plant
hormones: (i) Auxin (ii) Abscisic acid.
Ans :
a. Phototropism It is tropic movements in the
direction of light or away from it e.g. shoots
bends towards light while roots grow away from
it. Hence shoot is positively phototropic and root
is negatively phototropic.

Geotropism: Growth of roots downward towards

the earth hence positively geotropic whereas
stem grows upward, away from earth, hence it is
negatively geographic.
b. Auxins: Synthesized at the shoot tip, helps the
cells to grow longer.
Abscisic acid: Inhibits growth, causes wilting and
falling of leaves.

Download more materials in free at : www.cyberworldforu.blogspot.com