MODULE 1 •In the Philippines it caused the Displacement

of the farmers from Their lands.

The World during Rizal’s Time
French Revolution
•19th Century
The French Revolution caused a political
•The Needs for Reform
revolution in Europe and other areas of the
•The Conditions of Europe, America and Asia world.

•The Changing Religious Front in the Philippines American Revolution

: SECULARIZATION
During this time, the colonies initially Rejected
19th Century the British Parliament’s power to Govern
without representation, and they Became self-
The discovery of the steam engine triggered an governing sovereign states.
economic revolution that resulted in the usage
of equipment in the manufacturing sector in The Rise of Social Sciences: Period of
European cities.It refers to the transformation Enlightenment
of manufacturing brought about by the
Reliance on human reason as opposed to faith
invention and use of machines.
and religion.
Positive effects:
19th century was the time when the expans ion
•The rise of the factory system of science and technology had at least three
significant Consequences:
•Mass production of essential and non-essential
goods. •First, everyday experience and innumerable
scientist impressed the importance of science
•Improvement of people’s standard of living on the mind of ordinary citizens.
•Greater urbanization of society •Second, as science became more prominent in
•Beginnings of specialization or division of labor Popular thinking, the philosophical implication
of Science spread to broad sections of the
•Invention of labor saving devices Beginnings of population. Technical advances led the people
individual capitalism to develop Optimistic faith in man’s capability
•Fostering of individual capitalism to achieve Progress.

•Encouragement of people's mobility. •Third, the methods of science acq uired

unrivaled Prestige after 1850. For many, the
Negative effects: union of careful Experiment and abstract theory
was the only route To truth and objective
•Widening of the gap between the Rich and the
reality.
poor
The Opening of Suez Canal
•Unending Economic Warfare Between labor
and capital The travel distance Between Europe and the
Philippines was considerably reduced, bringing
•Pollution and other environmental Problems
the nation closer to Spain.
•Beginning of child and Women labor
The needs for reform •Across Europe, revolutionaries attacked
aristocratic privileges and established systems.
Propaganda Movement, reform and national
Pacticularly, revolutions of 1848-1849 were
consciousness Movement that arose among
milestones in the fight for equality, self
young Filipino expatriates in the Late 19th
determination, and human rights.
century. Although its adherents expressed
loyalty to the Spanish colonial government, its Markets and People
authorities harshly repressed The movement
Steam, smoke, factories, noise are the
and executed its most prominent member, José
beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great
Rizal.
Britain. It turns the continent into the world
The reform movement that Jose Rizal led centre of industrialization, finance and
exposed the abuses Committed during the commerce.
Spanish colonial and feudal rule. Aside From
•Workers of the 19th Century
writing novels, he was also a part of the
publications La Solidaridad and La Liga Filipina. Science and Technology
This clearly proved Rizal’s Involvement in the
reform movement. Speed, dynamism and a belief in progress
defined Europe At the end of the 19th century.
He also believed that reforms, to be fruitful, Railways, electricity, cinema,Photography and
must come from above; and that those that new theories in science and medicine affirmed
come from below are shaky, irregular,and Europe’s leading role in this technological
uncertain. Rizal’s weakness was his failure to coming of age.
fully trust his people. His idea that change
should come from above is the clearest proof •Railways altered the European landscape by
that he is kind of detached from what is building Tunnels, viaducts, and bridges over
happening on the ground. He repudiated the previously inaccessible Obstacles.
revolution because he thought that reforms, to Imperialism
be successful, should come from above.
The 19th century witnessed a globally dominant
The conditions of Europe Europe.Empires expanded, colonies amassed –
The 19th century was a revolutionary period for all pushed energetically forward by the
European History and a time of great Industrial Revolution. Colonies provided the raw
transformation in all spheres of life. materials and luxury commodities to meet
rising consumer demand, in return promising
Human and civil rights, democracy and vast markets for European products. Abuse and
nationalism, Industrialization and free market inequality were excused as a necessary part of
systems, all ushered in a period Of change and ‘civilising’ savage peoples. The gradual ending
chance. of slavery was followed by new forms of
intolerance and racism.
POLITICAL

Taking inspiration from the French Revolution

of 1789, People across Europe challenged
aristocratic ruling classes and Fought for the
development of civil and human rights,
Democracy and national independence.
The conditions of America authorized the enormous fabrication of paper
money that was essentially worthless. As a
The United States entered the 19th century as a
result, hyperinflation occurred.
new nation.Over the following hundred years,
as the size and population grew, eventually it The Changing Religious Front in the
became the world's greatest agricultural and Philippines: Secularization
industrial economy.
The Secularization Controversy
•U.S. population grew by over 90 million in
•Secularization is a process by which the society
1910.
is slowly transforming from having close
•Industrialization and urbanization came at a identification with the religious institution to a
cost. more separated relationship. It means the
increase in the worldly, the temporal, or non-
•Child labor was prevalent. Immigrant laborers
church functions or activities.
with limited English suffered exploitation and
prejudice. Through Bribery and corruption, •Secularization was created on 1759 by Charles
political machines ruled over cities.Unregulated III of Spain instituted a policy which aimed to
companies and banks established monopolies subject the Catholic Church to the Spanish
That dominated whole industries and could monarchy but its movement started in 1770s
influence Pricing and salaries.
In relation to the secularization movement,
•For the first time, the United States acquired there are two main groups Among the Roman
major international interests near the end of Catholic clergy in the Philippines:
the 19th century. It gained control of
•SECULARS (seculares) – Clergymen/Church
neighboring Cuba and Puerto Rico, as well as
officials who are not Members of a religious
the far-flung Philippine Islands and Guam, after
order. They are primarily indigenous Filipinos.
defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War in
They were referred to as indios at the time,
1898.
with the term Filipino reserved for Spaniards
The conditions of East and South Asia born in the Philippines.

In the 19th century, three factors changed the •REGULARS (regulares) – Clergymen who are
Asian Monetary system forever: the part of an Established order. They are mostly
globalization of trade, Colonization, and Spaniards.
inflation.
The Secularization Controversy
•The opening of Japan by Commodore Perry's
•Conflict began when the bishops insisted on
Black Fleet in 1853 demonstrated how
visiting the parishes that were being run by
merchants might threaten traditional
regular priests.
monarchy' power.
•As a result in 1774, Archbishop Basilio Santa
•Colonization of Asia by European forces.
Justa decided to uphold the diocese’s authority
Poor governance connected to the production over the parishes and accepted the resignations
of paper money was a major underlying factor of the regular priests.
for merchant dominance and the development
•Then the regulars resented the move because
of European colonies. As empires increased
they considered the Filipinos unfit for the
their war expenses, Asian rulers frequently
priesthood. Among other reasons they cited the MODULE 2 : RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD
Filipinos’ brown skin, lack of education, and
RIZAL’s ANCESTRY
inadequate experience.
Knowing our national hero’s birth, childhood,
•Next the issue soon took on a racial slant
family, ancestry, and early education.
because the Spaniards were clearly favoring
their own regular priest over Filipino priests. Points
Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical governor
of the Church, sided with the Filipinos. •the ancestry

•This was considered to be the dawn of •the rizal children

Philippine Nationalism, particularly after the •rizal’s early education
execution of Gomburza. Gomburza headed the
secularization movement. They advocated the Knowing: Jose Rizal
right of the Filipino secular clergy over the NAME: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
assignment of parishes rather than giving them Realonda
to the newly arrived Spanish friars in the
country. BIRTHDATE: JUNE 18, 1961 / died: DECEMBER
30, 1986
•The seculars were those who were not bound
by monastic vows or rules and then they were FATHER: FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
discriminated against by the Dominicans,
BIRTHDATE: MAY 11, 1818 / DIED: JANUARY 5,
Jesuits, Franciscans and Recollects. The Filipino
1898
priests then were assigned as assistants to
Spanish friars. MOTHER: TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA

•Secularism began in 1861 when the parishes of BIRTHDATE: NOVEMBER 8, 1826 / DIED:
Mindanao originally managed by the Recollect AUGUST 16, 1911
friars were handed to the Jesuits. The Jesuits
were expelled from the Philippines in 1768
because of the conflict they had between the
European leaders.

•However, they returned to the country in 1861

and regained power over the Mindanao
parishes from the Recollects who took over
during their absence.

•The Recollects were bestowed the parishes of

Manila and Cavite by the colonial government
to appease their loss. The original
administrators of the parishes, the Filipino
secular priests, naturally protested.
The Rizal Family RIZAL’S ANCESTRY FROM HIS MOTHER:

The Rizal Family is considered as one of the Doña Teodora's great-grandfather was Eugenio
biggest families during their time. It is believed Ursua (of Japanese descent) who married
that their wealth came from both their Benigna, a Filipina. Their Daughter Regina
maternal and paternal ancestry known from married Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese.
their principalian roots (Filipino nobles in the Brigida Quintos (Manuel and Regina’s daughter)
Spanish regime). It is also disclosed to the public married a Spanish-Filipino named Lorenzo
that the Mercado-Rizal family had traces of Alberto Alonso and had Teodora Alonso Quintos
Japanese, Spanish, Malay, and Even Negrito (Rizal'smother) as their second daughter.
blood aside from Chinese.
The Rizal Children
FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)
info
He was the father of Jose Rizal and the
Along with this, Dr. Jose Rizal came from a 13-
youngest of 13 Offspring of Juan and Cirila
member family consisting of his parents, nine
Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna On April 18,
sisters and one brother.
1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and
died In Manila. Saturnina
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) Saturnina is the oldest of the Rizal Children. She
has always been a loving “ate” to his brother
She was the mother of Jose Rizal who was the
Jose. She married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo from
second child Of Lorenzo Alonso and Brígida de
Tanauan, Batangas and both of them
Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa
contributed to Rizal’s education by offering a
Rosa. She was business-minded, courteous,
diamond ring and money that could aid his
Religious, hard-working and well-read. Born in
expenses.
Santa Cruz,Manila on November 14, 1827, and
died in 1913 in Manila. Paciano
The Rizal Ancestry He was the inspiration behind the character of
Pilosopo Tasio of Noli Me Tangere. As the
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY FROM HIS FATHER:
second and eldest male sibling of the Rizal
Jose Rizal’s father is Don Francisco Engracio siblings, he is believed to be the one who
Rizal Mercado. Don Francisco's great motivated Rizal to pursue his career in Europe
grandfather Domingo Lam-co is a Chinese and rise to prominence and heroism; perhaps
immigrant businessman from Amoy who Pacianio’s conviction has inspired him.
married a half Chinese woman named Ines de la
He’s always played a huge role in Rizal’s
Rosa, they had two children and one of them is
education as he helped him pursue his studies
Francisco (Rizal's great grandfather) who
and fight for his liberal ideals, so he decided to
married Bernarda Monicha from Biñan. Their
be the one to inherit the family’s farm and
son Juan Mercado became the
business. He also advised his brother, who had
"Gobernadorcillo"(town mayor) and married
expressed an interest in studying law, that “I do
Cirila Alejandra, having Francisco (Rizal's Father)
not think that the study of law will suit you, but
as their youngest son.
rather the arts; in this I am of the same opinion
as our parish priest,and really a lawyer here is
landlord, teacher, farmer, contractor, that is to Maria
say, everything but a lawyer; on the other hand,
The family's sixth child. It was to her that Jose
those who do practice law collect their fees for
expressed his desire to marry Josephine
defense.” It could be concluded that Paciano
Bracken, despite the fact that the majority of
was the one who persuaded Rizal to pursue
the Rizal family was apparently opposed to the
medicine while also writing, as Paciano passed
idea. Jose had also mentioned to Maria in his
on the same spirit of hard work and activism to
letter dated December 12, 1891, his plan to
his younger brother.
establish a Filipino colony in North British
Narcisa Borneo. The siblings tend to share letters to
each other containing wealth of information
She was the 3rd child in their family. Just like
about their respective lives.
her sister Saturnina, she also helped in financing
for Rizal’s studies in Europe that she’ll do Concepcion
anything even if it’s pawning her jewels and
She was the eighth child of the Rizal family. She
selling her clothes just to support her
died when she was three years old. Pepe (Jose)
brother.She is so supportive to her brother, that
is said to have adored the little Concha the
there are rumors that she can recite almost all
most who was only a year younger than him.
of the poems he has written from memory. It is
They played games, shared children's stories
also said that of all the siblings, Sisa is the most
together,and enjoyed and felt the beauty of
hospitable.
sibling love. When Concha died of illness in
Olympia 1865, Jose wept bitterly over her death.“When I
was four years old, I lost my little sister Concha,
The 4th child in the family who always gets
and then for the first time I shed tears caused
teased by Jose, sometimes jokingly referring to
by love and grief,” he later wrote in his
her as his stout sister. Segunda Katigbak, Jose’s
memoir.We can learn from Concha's life that
first love, was Olympia's classmate at La
many children died at a young age during those
Concordia College. Rizal told Olympia about
times.If records are correct, more than ten of
Segunda, and the sister gladly acted as a go-
Rizal's nieces and nephews died when they
between for the two adolescent lovers. As a
were young,not to mention Jose's child.
result, it was unclear whether Jose was
frequently visiting Olympia or Segunda at La Josefa
Concordia at the time.
She’s the 9th child in the family who died as a
Lucia maiden. One of Jose's letters to Josefa, dated
October 26, 1893, is perhaps the most
The 5th child in the family, married Mariano
interesting. The letter, written in
Herbosa and was the one who attended their
English,addressed Josefa as “Miss Josephine
so-called “family reunion" in Hong Kong in
Rizal,"making her the namesake of Rizal's
December 1981. She accompanied Jose when
girlfriend, Josephine Bracken. Jose praised her
he returned to Manila the following June.
sister for nearly mastering the English language
However, from July 6 to 15, 1892, Jose was
in the letter,remarking that the only flaw he
imprisoned in Fort Santiago and later deported
found in Josefa's letter was her apparent
to Dapitan on a fabricated charge that anti-friar
confusion between the terms “they are and
pamphlets were discovered in Lucia's luggage
“there."
on board Don Juan.
Jose also wrote about the 20 pesos he sent,10 teacher. Jose told her sister, Choleng, in a long
of which were supposed to be for a lottery and substantial letter dated June 6, 1890, that
ticket.This implies that Jose did not stop he was proud of her for becoming a teacher. As
‘investing' in lottery tickets despite winning a result, he advised her to be a model of virtues
6,200 pesos the previous September. Even and good qualities, “for the one who should
when he was in Madrid, he spent at least three teach should be better than the people who
pesetas per month on his “only vice." Following need her learning.” Nonetheless, Rizal used the
Jose's persecution, the epileptic Josefa joined topic to discipline her sister for marrying
the Katipunan and was even elected president Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba without their
of its women's section. She was among the first parents ' permission. “The peace of our family
29 women admitted to the Katipunan, along has been disturbed because of you,” he wrote.
with Gregoria de Jesus, Andres Bonifacio's wife. The letter contains some timeless lessons in
ethics and good manners. It reveals, for
Trinidad
example, that Jose was strongly opposed to
Trinidad was the 10th child and the keeper of women who allow themselves to be courted
Jose's final and greatest poem. Jose wrote to outside of their homes. He told Choleng, “If you
Trining in March 1886, describing how the have a sweetheart, treat him nobly and with
German women were serious about their dignity, rather than resorting to secret meetings
studies. “Now that you are still young and have and conversations that do nothing but diminish
time to learn, it is necessary that you study by a woman's worth in the eyes of a man... You
reading and reading attentively,” he advised should value and cherish your honor more, and
her. Presumably sensing Trinidad's dislike of you will be more esteemed and valued”.
studying, Jose went on,“It's a shame you allow
Rizal’s Early Education
yourself to be dominated by laziness when it
takes so little effort to shake it off. It is enough -First taught by his mother at 3 in school.
to develop the habit of studying, and everything
-His tutors taught him and give him lessons.
else will fall into place. Trining surprised Jose
four years later when she wrote,“Dearest -He learned and gained about his lifelong
Brother: I left the College two years, one month interests.
and a half ago." Trinidad and their mother paid
Jose a visit in his Fort Santiago prison cell just -Took bachelor’s degree graduated as one of
before his execution. About to walk away, Jose the students declared sobresaliente.
handed Trining an alcohol cooking stove, a gift Rizal’s Early Education
from the Pardo de Taveras, and whispered to
her in a language the guards couldn't • At the age of 3, Rizal was first taught in school
understand, “There is something in it." Rizal's by his mother how to read, write and pray.
elegy, now known as “Mi Ultimo Adios,"was • At the age of 5, while learning to read and
that “something." Trinidad, like Josefa and two write, Rizal already showed interest in being an
nieces, joined the Katipunan after Rizal's death. artist. He surprised his family and relatives by
Soledad his pencil drawings and sketches and his
moldings of clay.
she was the youngest in their family. She was
the most educated of Rizal's sisters, owing to • At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a Tagalog
her profession as a poem,”Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of
which revolves around the love of one’s 2. The Filipino students were racially
language. It was his mother who discovered discriminated against by the Spaniards.
that he has a talent for writing poems.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and
•Later on, tutors were hired to teach him and repressive. After finishing the fourth year of his
give him lessons. Some of his tutors were medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain.
Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
later on Leon Monroy who instructed him about discrimination, and the hostility in the
Spanish and Latin before enrolling in a private University of Santo Tomas.
school in Biñan, Laguna. His education in Binan
Having said that, upon spending 4 years
lasted for a year and a half.
pursuing a medical course, Rizal decided to
• At 11 years old his father decided to send him study in Spain to which he did not seek
to study in Letran, but later changed his mind permission from his parents due to prior
and sent him to Ateneo Municipal de Manila knowledge that they would not allow him. Rizal
instead, where he learned about subjects such left and boarded the Salvadora bound for
as philosophy, chemistry, and history. He also Singapore on May 3, 1882 and enrolled in a
learned and gained knowledge about his medicine and philosophy course at the
lifelong interests such as painting, writing, Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain as well
drawing, and clay modeling. as painting at Real Academia de Bellas Artes de
San Fernando in Calle Alcala. In the month of
•Rizal took a bachelor’s degree in 1877 where
June year 1883, he traveled and spent 3 months
he graduated as one of the students declared
roaming around in France to observe their
sobresaliente (outstanding). He continued his
medicine practices and after that returned to
education to obtain a degree in land surveying
Madrid. On June 21, 1884, he conferred the
and assessor. While studying in Ateneo
degree of Licentiate in Medicine, and the
Municipal de Manila, Rizal was a member of the
following years went smoothly as he passed all
Academy of Spanish Literature and the
subjects which led to the degree of doctor of
Academy of Natural Sciences. Wrote his first
medicine. Unfortunately, he was not awarded
poem “Mi Primera Inspiración” (My First
his Doctor’s Diploma because he was not able
Inspiration) dedicated to his mother on her
to submit his thesis nor pay his schooling fees.
birthday. He also wrote “Through Education Our
Motherland Receives Light” and “The Intimate After this, Rizal went to Paris and Germany to
Alliance Between Religion and Good Education'' study further about ophthalmology in hopes of
that express the importance of religion in curing his mother’s failing eyesight. In year
education. 1885, Rizal who was then 24 years old managed
to make friend during his journey namely
Upon learning that his mother was going blind,
Maximo Viola, Senor Eusebio Corominas, Don
Rizal chose to study ophthalmology following
Miguel Morayta and Dr, Luis de Weckert. After
the advice of Father Pablo Ramon at the
that, he left Paris on February 3, 1886, after
University of Santo Tomas. However, Rizal was
gathering knowledge and some experience in
unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher
ophthalmology and went to Heidelberg,
learning because of the following:
Germany. During his stay in Germany, he
1. The Dominican professors were hostile to worked at the University Eye Hospital under the
him. guidance of Dr. Otto Becker who is a known
German ophthalmologist. On April 22, 1886,
Rizal wrote a poem entitled “A Las Flores de really study hard, excel, and even write
Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) poetries.
because he was fascinated by the blooming
•During his years in Ateneo, he wrote his first
flowers along the Neckar River, which was the
poem entitled “Through Education The
light blue flower called “forget-me-not”. On
Motherland Receives Light”and expressed his
August 14, 1886, Rizal arrived in Leipzig. There,
ideas about the value of education.
he attended some lectures at the University of
Leipzig on history and psychology. •His second poem was dedicated for his mom,
Dona Teodora, which is entitled “Mi Primera
After all this, Rizal finished his eye specialization
Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) on her
course at the University of Heidelberg and came
birthday.
up with the idea of publishing a book aimed to
make known the colonial relationship of Spain Other Works, Poems written in Ateneo
and the Philippines along with this, the
publication of his novel Noli Me Tangere in A In Memory of My Town
Germany. It was also in that same year Rizal’s B Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
first novel was published in Berlin. education
MODULE 3 : Rizal's Higher Education and C A Farewell Dialogue of the Students
Travels Abroad
ACHIEVEMENTS OF RIZAL IN ATENEO
Rizal's Life in Ateneo
•It was March 23, 1877 – when Rizal graduated
•June 1872 – Jose was sent to Manila to study from Ateneo Municipal and received his degree
at the Ateneo Municipal. of Bachelor of Arts with honors
•It was through the intercession of Manuel •Rizal earned five medals at the end of the
Burgos, Jose was able to enter Ateneo. school term and really excelled in all subjects.
•Jose was called an “externo” which means Rizal's Life in UST
living out student or outside of school campus
during his days in Ateneo Municipal. •After Rizal completed his education in Ateneo,
his mother wanted him to return home and
•Ateneo was the former Escuela Pia or charity look after the family business.
school of Manila under Jesuits.
•April 1877- Rizal was only 16 years old when
•Jose used his free time to study and even took he enrolled in UST taking Philosophy and
private lessons in Santa Isabel College to further Letters.
improve his knowledge about Spanish.
•He was still unsure about which course to
•After a month, Rizal became the emperor. actually take.
•Nothing unusual or special happened in Rizal’s •For his first term, he studied at the Philosophy
second and third year in the university. program but eventually decided to shift to
•In his fourth year in Ateneo, what Rizal medicine course in the next term.
considered one of the best professors, Father •Rizal entered a very different world in UST as a
Fransisco de Paula Sanchez inspired him to student.
Rizal’s works, achievements and experiences in BARCELONA, SPAIN
UST
• While in Barcelona, Rizal wrote a While
-A. "To the Filipino Youth (Sa Kabataang in Barcelona, Rizal wrote anationalistic
Pilipino/ A La Juventud Filipina) essay entitled, Love of Country ( Amor
Patrio) this was his first article written
-B. The Council of Gods
in Spain’s Soilunder the pen name
• The jury was composed of Spaniards LAONG LAAN.
awarded Rizal the grand prize. • He sent this to his friend BasilioTeodoro
• The Spanish community especially the Moran, the publisher of Diaryong
press was appalled upon learning that tagalog and was later on published in
the author was an indio. two texts which is in Spanish (originally,
by Rizal) and translated to tagalog by
-C. The study of Rizal at the University of Sto. Marcelo H.del Pilar.
Tomas (UST) was not meaningful and fruitful • Rizal in his essays ( Amor Patrio)
just like when he was in Ateneo.
-He urged the Filipino to love the
Rizal, after completing his four years in Philippines
Medical School decided to leave for Europe. -He wanted them to be free, people
with dignity and honor according to
On the way to Spain God’s plan and not slaves.
• First country that Rizal went to is Spain. • Los Viajes (Travels) – second article of
There are many stop overs during his Diaryong Tagalog
travel and boarding on the ship but one • Revista De Madrid ( Review of Madrid )
notable experience is when he bounded –third article of Diaryong Tagalog, it
to Djemnah, a French Ship, that is was returned to Rizal and stopped the
headed from Singapore to Europe, publication because of lack of funds.
where he learned more about the MADRID, SPAIN
French language.
• .The Djemnah continue to voyage • November 3, 1882 – Rizal left
crossing the Indian Ocean to the Cape Barcelona and he enrolled at the
of Guardaful– for Rizal, this was an Central University of Madrid(
inhospitable land but famous. Universidad Central de Madrid) for
• The next stopover was in Aden – This the Licentiate in Medicine and
was the first time Rizal stepped in Philosophy and Letters
African soil and saw real camels • He also took up lessons in painting
• From Aden , the Djemnah arrived at and sculpture at the Academia de
the Port Said in the City of Suez Bellas Artes de San Fernando(
• After the brief stop at Napoli, the ship Academy of Fine Arts in San Pedro)
proceed to Marseilles • Rizal joined the Hispano –
• Rizal left Marseilles and they finally Philippine Circle (Circulo Hispano
reached - the second largest city of Filipino) – a society of
Spain and the greatest city of Cataluña • Spaniards and Filipinos
• He wrote a poem entitled, They ask
me for Verses (Me Piden Verses)
 upon the request of his co- • He worked at the University Eye
members Hospital under the supervision of Dr.
• He Discovered the Political Otto Becker.
possibilities of becoming a Mason, • During his stay in Heidelberg, he
so he joined the Masonic Lodge lived with a protestant pastor Dr.
called Acacia in Madrid with the Karl Ullmen, who became his good
Masonic name DIMASALANG. friend.
• Rizal completed his Medical course • While in Germany, in the city of
and was conferred the degree of Heidelberg - Rizal wrote “ A Las Flores
Licentiate in Medicineby the de Heidelberg” –
Universidad Central de Madrid on • Rizal wrote a German letter to
June 21, 1884 Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt on
• The next academic year, he studied July 31, 186 because he knew that
and past all the subjects leading to Blumentritt was interested in
the degree of Doctor of Medicine Philippine Languages.
but was not awarded his Doctor’s • Rizal sent a book entitled Arithmetica
Diploma to Blumentritt
• He was also awarded the degree of • Blumentritt became the best friend
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters of Rizal
on June 19, 1885 with the rating of
“ Sobresaliente” From Geneva, Switzerland to Italy

GERMANY • June 19 in Geneva, Switzerland

celebrated his 26th birthday
Rizal in Paris and Berlin • After two weeks, then he toured in Italy
• Rome – “Eternal City” and “City of
• With Rizal’s relentless search for
Caesars“
relevant education and advance
studies, he went to Paris, France and • Vatican – “ Seat of Authority“ of the
Berlin (Germany) tospecialize in Roman Catholic Church and “City of
Ophthalmology Popes”
• Maximo Viola – A friend of Rizal MODULE 4 : RIZAL’S LIFE: Exile, Trial, and
and medical student who belonged to a Death
rich Family in San Miguel, Bulacan.
• Don Miguel Morayta - The Owner of La EXILE
Publicidad There are 4 reasons why Rizal exiled in
• And later on went back to Paris again in Dapitan:
October 1885 and stayed there for
four months to learn more about 1.Disloyalty
ophthalmology. 2. Pobres Frailes
Rizal in Historic Heidelberg 3. El Filibusterismo
• Rizal’s limited allowance and his desire 4. Tear the loyal Filipinos in their Catholic
to learn more about eye ailments Faith
prompted him to go to Germany.
 Beginning of Exile in Dapitan -Confronted Lardet and challenged him a duel

-Retract errors Rizal as a Painter in Dapitan

-Perform church rites -Demonstrated his talent for painting

-Conduct as exemplary manner -Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity

• 1892-1896 -Made sketches of persons and things

Rizal in Dapitan
-“The Dapitan Girl”, “The Mother’s Revenge”-
• September 21, 1892
“Rizalian Legacy”
Wins a Manila Lottery
-He shares the winning prize Rizal in Rizal’s Last Christmas in Dapitan
Dapitan
-Josephine Bracken, his loving wife
• Peaceful Life in Dapitan
-Lived at commandant’s residence Adios Dapitan
Rizal’s first Christmas in Dapitan -July 31, 1896
- He practiced medicine

-He improved his health and had many TRIAL

friends
From Dapitan to trial Fort Santiago (in Manila)
Rizal-Pastells Debate in Religion
Arrival
- Debate about Father Pastells about religion
-Arrival of Rizal in Manila
-The debate can be read in 4letters
Rizal misses ship going to Spain
-Fr.Pastells tried his best to win
-He was transferred to another Spanish cruise
-Rizal continued to be catholic
August 19,1896
Rizal as a farmer in Dapitan
The discovery of Katipunan was a result of
-He bought sixteen hectares abandoned farm in Teodoro Patino’s disclosure of the
Talisay organization’s secrets to Fr. Mariano Gil
-With the help of his pupils and some workers, August 26, 1896
he built a permanent home
Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the Cry of
-He encouraged the farmers to use modern Revolution
methods in cultivation
August 30, 1896
-During his exiled years, he studied more
languages Katipunan’s first major result

Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a Duel September 2, 1896

- He was involved in aquarrel with Mr. Juan Rizal was transported to ship the Isla de Panay
Lardet
 R i z a l’s A n n o t a t i o n O f S u c e s
osDe Las Islas Filipinas
Going to Spain
Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas
September 7, 1896
●Las Islas Filipinas means “The Philippine
-The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore
Island” in English and was named in honor of
-Don Manuel Camus and several Filipino King Philip II of Spain
residents of Singapore urging Rizal to stay in
● Sucesos means the work of an honest
Singapore to save his life
observer, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the
November 20, 1896 workings of the administration from the inside.

Preliminary investigation About Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas:

December 13, 1896 ● One of the important works of the Philippines

about the colonization of Spain, published by
Detention Antonio De Morga in Mexico 1609.
December 26, 1896 ● Explains the political, social and economical
Actual Trial aspects of a colonizer and the colonized
country.
12 point defense of Rizal
● The book is based on the experience and
December 28, 1896 observation of Antonio De Morga.
Approval ● Annotated by Jose Rizal with a prologue by
Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt.

DEATH The work consists of 8 chapters

Rizal’s Death Chapter 1 is about the first discoveries of the

Eastern islands.
• José Protasio Riza lMercadoy
Alonso Realonda Chapter 2 is about the government of Dr.
Francisco de Sande.
●June19,1861- December30,1896
Chapter 3 is about the government of don
●Died At the age of 35 years old Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peiialosa.
●On the eve of his execution, while Chapter 4 is about the government of Dr.
confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote Santiago de Vera.
“Mi Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”)
Chapter 5 is about the government of Gomes
●On the day of his death before he was Perez Dasmariiias.
shot he said the word
“CONSUMMATUM EST”. Chapter 6 is about the government of don
Francisco Tello.
Chapter 7 is about the government of don •The book also discusses Philippines as
Pedro de Acuiia. An account of the Philippine deserted and inhabitable that means there are
Islands. few people living and not safe to build a
community
ANTONIO DE MORGA
W h a t L e a d J o s e R i z a l t o M o r g a’s
Spanish lawyer and a governme
Work?
n t o f f i c i a l d u r i n g t h e 17thc e n t u r y
.•H i s t o r i c a l A n t h r o p o l o g i s t •R i z a l w a s a n e a r n e s t s e e k e r o f
truth and this marked him as hi
•A u t h o r o f S u c e s o s d e l a s I s l a s F i
storian.
lipinas
•H e h a d a b u r n i n g d e s i r e t o k n o
•W r o t e t h e f i r s t l a y f o r m a l h i s t
w exactly the condition of the P
ory of the Philippines conquest
hilippines when the Spaniards c
by Spain.
ame ashore to the islands.
•H e i s a d o c t o r a t e i n C a n o n a n d
•H i s t h e o r y w a s t h a t t h e c o u n t
Civil Law.
r y w a s e c o n o m i c a l l y s e l f-s u f f i c i e
nt and prosperous. Entertained
the idea that it had a lively and
PURPOSE OF SUCESOS DE LAS IS vigorous community
L A S F I L I P I N A SM o r g a( 1 6 0 9 )
•H e t h e n d e c i d e d t o u n d e r t a k e
wrote that the purpose for writ the annotation of Antonio de M
ing Sucesoswas so he could chr o r g a’s S u c e s o s d e l a s I s l a s F i l i p i n
o n i c l e “the deeds achieved by our Spaniards, as.
the d i s c o v e r y . C o n q u e s t , a n d c o n
v e r s i o n o f t h e F i l i p i n a s I s l a n d s- •H i s p e r s o n a l f r i e n d s h i p w i t h F
as well as various fortunes that erdinand Blumentrittprovided t
they have from time to time in he inspiration for doing a new
the great kingdoms and among t e d i t i o n o f M o r g a’s S u c e s o s.
h e p a g a n p e o p l e s surrounding the
•D e v o t i n g f o u r m o n t h s r e s e a r c h
islands.”
and writing and almost a year t
CONTEXT OF THE BOOK: o get his manuscript published
i n P a r i s i n J a n u a r y 1 8 9 0.
•The book is based on morga’s:
HOW DID JOSE RIZAL KNOW ABO
-Observation U T M O R G A’S W O R K ?
-Documentary Research ●R i z a l f o u n d t h e b o o k w h i l e h e
-Personal Experience that includes his direct was in London at British Museu
involvement. m’s r e a d i n g r o o m .

•Narrates the history of wars, diplomacy and ●H e h a n d s c o p i e d t h e 351 p a g e s

evangelization of the Philippines of the book and annotated ever
y chapter of it.
●I t w a s t h e f i r s t h i s t o r i c a l w o r RIZAL’S ANNOTATION CONTEXT
k on the Philippines by a Filipin
●T h e p e o p l e o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s
o. It is the first history written
had a culture on their own, bef
from the point of view of the c
ore the coming of the Spaniards
o l o n i z e d n o t t h e c o l o n i z e r.
●T h e p e o p l e o f t h e p r e-H i s p a n i c
WHY JOSE RIZAL CHOSE MORGA’S WORK? Philippines is advanced, has hi
●Rizal felt Morga to be more objective than the gh literacy rate, self sufficient
religious writers whose accounts included many and has smooth foreign relation
miracle stories. s.

●Morga, compared to religious chronicles was RIZAL’S ANNOTATION CONTEXT

more sympathetic to the indios and finally,
●F i l i p i n o s w e r e d e c i m a t e d , d e m
Morga was not only an eyewitness but a major
oralized, exploited and ruined
actor in the events he narrates.
by the Spanish colonization.
●The fourth consideration in Rizal’s choice of
●I n h i s a n n o t a t i o n h e i n c l u d e d
Morga was that it appeared more sympathetic
the colonial history of the Phili
and therefore a primary source on the
ppines, being in prolonged peri
Philippines and its people at the point of first
ods of suffering that many peop
contact with Spain.
le have been subjected to.
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C O F R I Z A L’S A N N
●“T h e P h i l i p p i n e s w a s d e p o p u l a
OTATION
ted, impoverished and retorted,
●S t r a i g h t f o r w a r d h i s t o r i c a l a n n astounded by metaphor with no
otations, where Rizal amplifies confidence in their past, still
or corrects the original. without faith in her present an
d without faltering hope in the
●T h e a n n o t a t i o n s w h i c h , t h o u g
f u t u r e .”
h historically based, reflect his
strong anticlerical bias. RIZAL’S 3 PROPOSITIONS

R I Z A L’S P U R P O S E O F A N N O T A T I N ●T h e p e o p l e o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s
G M O R G A’S W O R K have a culture on their own, be
fore the coming of the Spaniard
●To a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f
s.
the Filipinos regarding their gl
orious ways of the past. ●F i l i p i n o s w e r e d e c i m a t e d , d e m
oralized, exploited, and ruined
●To c o r r e c t w h a t h a s b e e n d i s t o r
by the Spanish colonization.
ted about the Philippines due t
o Spanish Conquest. ●T h e p r e s e n t s t a t e o f t h e P h i l i p
pines was not necessarily super
●To p r o v e t h a t t h e F i l i p i n o s a r e c
ior to its past.
ivilized/ advanced even before
the coming of the Spaniards.
F e r d i n a n d B l u m e n t r i t t’s p r o l o g u
e to Sucesosde las Islas Filipin
as

●E n c o u r a g e d R i z a l t o w r i t e a b o
u t t h e P h i l i p p i n e’s p r e-c o l o n i a l H
istory.

●H e p r a i s e d R i z a l’s w o r k s a s “S c
h o l a r l y a n d w e l l-t h o u g h t o u t”

.●N o t e d t h a t t h e b o o k i s s o r a r e
that very few libraries have it a
n d g u a r d e d i t l i k e a t r e a s u r e.

B l u m e n t r i t t c r i t i c i z e d R i z a l’s e x
planation on two accounts:

●H e n o t i c e d t h a t R i z a l h a d c o m
mitted the mistakes of many mo
dern historians who judged eve
nts in the past.

●H e s a i d t h a t R i z a l s h o u l d n’t c o
ndemn Catholicism even though
t h e y d i d n’t d o a n y e f f o r t t o s u p
press calls for reform. He shoul
d keep the critique about religi
ous orders in the Philippines.
 ANO ANG LAYUNIN SA PAGKALI
KHA NG NASABING PANANAW?

●P a g k a k a u n u w a a n s a a r a w a r a w n a
t a l a s t a s a ns a a t i n g s a r i l i, s a i s a t i s a
, a t m a g i n g s a i b a n g b a n s a.

●N a t u t u t u h a n n a t i n g g a m i t i n a n g
w i k a n g f i l i p i n o s a m g ap a g k a k a t a o
n gm a y n a k a k a u s a p t a y o n gg a l l i n g
s a p r o b i n s i y a o s a i b a n gr e h i y o n.

●N a i s a s a l a m i n n a t i n a n g a t i n g k u l
t u r a/p i n a n g g a l i n g a n a t p a g k a k a i s
I M P O R T A N C E O F R I Z A L’S A N N O T A
asap a g b i b i g k a s n g i i s a n g w i k a u p a n
TIONS TO THE PRESENT GENERA
g m a g k a i n t i n d i h a n.
TION
MGA HAMON NG NASABING PANANAW
●T o a w a k e n i n t h e F i l i p i n o s t h e
consciousness of our past. ●Maaaring mas mag tuon na tayo ng pansin at
interes sa mga kaganapan sa ibang bansa at
●T o d e v o t e o u r s e l v e s t o s t u d y i n
ipag walang bahala na o hindi alaminang mga
g the future.
pangyayari sa ating sariling bayan.
●T o f i r s t l a y b a r e t h e p a s t , i n o
●Maaaring hindi na natin maipagpatuloy ang
rder to better judge the presen
kamalayanng bayan sa ating kasaysayan sa
t and to survey the road trodde
daming ibat ibang banyag ang interes na
n during three centuries.
napupunta sa Pilipinas.
●T o p r o v e F i l i p i n o s h a d a c u l t u r
●Dahil nakapokusang bansa sa pagpapayabong
e of their own, prior to coloniz
ng isang pambansang Wika maaring maisantabi
ation, that the Filipinos were N
ang ibat ibang katutubong wika sa ating bansa.
OT inferior to the white man
.●To shatter the myth of the so-called
"Indolence of the Filipinos“

●To embrace the generic term "Indio", or in

today's case, Filipino, with all its negative
connotations, and turn it into one of dignity and
nobility

PANSILANG PANANAW

●H i s t o r y a d o r o m g a t a o n g n a g a a r a
ln g k a s a y s a y a n n g k a n i l a n g b a y a n
a t m i n s a n m a g i n g a n g i b a n g b a n s a.

●P a g g a m i t n g s a r i l i n g w i k a p a r a i p
aliwanagsakababayanang ibangk
u l t u r a o k u l t u r a n g d a y u h a n.