CHAPTER 2 – DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Objective(s):
- To know the formulas for trigonometric functions
- To understand how the formulas are applied

Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions

d
sin u   cos u  d u 
D10) dx dx
d
cos u    sin u  d u 
D11) dx dx
d
tan u   sec2 u  d u 
D12) dx dx
d
cot u    csc2 u  d u 
D13) dx dx
d
sec u   sec u tan u  d u 
D14) dx dx
d
csc u    csc u cot u  d u 
D15) dx dx
Note:
1) u is an expression containing variable such as x.

How to Use the Formulas

The process of differentiation of trigonometric functions
follows the same principle as in Chapter 1 except that,
sometimes, one must combine these formulas with trigonometric
identity formulas.

Review of Some Common Trigonometric Identity Formulas

T1) sin u csc u  1
T2) cos u sec u  1
T3) tan u cot u  1

T4) sin 2 u  cos 2 u  1

T5) tan 2 u  1  sec 2 u

T6) 1  cot 2 u  csc 2 u

T7) sin( 2u )  2 sin u cos u

T8) cos(2u )  cos 2 u  sin 2 u

sin u
tan u 
T9) cos u

T10) sin(u  v)  sin u cos v  cos u sin v

T11) cos(u  v)  cos u cos v  sin u sin v

T12) cos u   cos u

T13) sin( u )   sin u

Note:
1) The trigonometric identity formulas are used NOT to
differentiate but to SIMPLIFY an expression to ease out
one’s calculations.
2) Try simplifying the given problem first before doing
differentiation.

Example #1
Find dy/dx if y = sin 4x
Solution:
 dy d
 sin( 4 x)
[D1] dx dx
dy d
 cos(4 x)  4 x 
[D10] dx dx
dy d
 cos(4 x)  4  x 
[D4] dx dx
dy
 cos(4 x)  4(1)
Simplify dx
dy
 4 cos 4 x
dx Ans.

Example #2
Find dy/dx if y = sin3 (4x)
Solution:

[D1]
dy d

dx dx

sin 4 x 3 
dy d
 3sin 4 x   sin 4 x 
2

[D9] dx dx
dy d
 3 sin 2 4 x   cos4 x   4 x 
[D10] dx dx
dy d
 3 sin 2 4 x cos4 x   4  x 
[D4] dx dx
dy
 3 sin 2 4 x cos4 x   4(1)
Simplify dx
dy
 12 sin 2 (4 x) cos4 x 
dx Ans.
Example #3
Find dy/dx if y = sin2 (3x)
Solution:

[D1]
dy d

dx dx

sin 3x 2 
 dy d
 2 sin 3 x   sin 3 x 
[D9] dx dx
dy d
 2 sin 3 x   cos3 x   3 x 
[D10] dx dx
dy d
 2 sin 3 x cos3 x   3  x 
[D5] dx dx
dy
 sin 6 x   3(1)
[T7] dx
dy
 3 sin 6 x 
dx Ans.

Example #4

 5x   5x 
cos 2    sin 2  
 2   2 
 5x   5x 
4 sin   cos 
Find dy/dx if y =  2   2 
Solution:

cos(5 x)
y
  5 x   5 x 
2 2 sin   cos 
[T8]   2   2 

cos(5 x)
y
[T7] 2 sin(5 x)

1
y cot(5 x)
[T9 & T3] 2

dy d  1 
  cot(5 x)
[D1] dx dx  2 

dy 1 d
  cot(5 x)
[D5] dx 2 dx

[D13]
dy 1
 d

   csc2 5 x   5 x 
dx 2 dx
 dy 1 d
  csc 2 5 x   5  x 
[D5] dx 2 dx
dy 1
  csc 2 5 x   5(1)
Simplify dx 2
dy 5
  csc2 5 x 
dx 2 Ans.

Example #5
Find dy/dx if y = tan(3x)sin(3x)sec(3x)
Solution:
Simplifying.
 sin 3 x   1 
[T 9 and T 2] y sin 3 x  
 cos 3 x   cos 3 x 
sin 2 3 x
Simplify y
cos 2 3 x
[T9] y  tan 2 3 x
Applying Derivative formulas.

[D1]
dy d

dx dx

tan 3x 2 
dy d 
[D9]  2 tan 3 x  (tan 3 x)
dx  dx 

[D12]
dy
dx
 d
 
 2 tan 3 x  sec 2 3 x  3 x 
dx
 
[D5]
dy
dx
 
 2tan 3 x  sec 2 3 x 3

Simplify
dy
dx

 6tan 3 x  sec 2 3 x 
dy
 6 tan 3 x sec 2 3 x
dx

Example #6

sec 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x

Find dy/dx if y = tan x
Solution:
Simplifying .
sec 2 x  (cos 2 x  sin 2 x)
[T4] y
tan x
sec 2 x  1
[T5] y
tan x
tan 2 x
Simplify y
tan x
tan x
Simplify y
tan x
y 1
Applying Derivative Formulas.
dy d
[D1]  1
dx dx
dy
[D3] 0
dx

Example #7

 3 cos(3 x)
Find dy/dx if y = cos (3 x)
2

Solution:
Simplifying .
 3 cos(3 x)
y
cos 2 (3 x)
 3 cos(3 x)
y
cos(3x)2
 3 cos(3 x)
[T12] y
 cos(3x)2
 3 cos(3 x)
Recall that (-1) 2  1 y
cos 2 (3 x)
3
Simplify y
cos(3 x)
[T2] y  3 sec(3 x)
Applying Derivative Formulas.
dy d
[D1]   3 sec(3x)
dx dx
dy d
[D5]   3 sec(3 x)
dx dx
dy d 
[D14]   3 sec(3 x) tan(3 x)  (3 x)
dx  dx 
dy
[D5]   3 sec(3 x) tan(3 x)3
dx
dy
Simplify   9  sec(3 x) tan(3 x)
dx
dy
 9 sec(3 x) tan(3 x)
dx

Summary:
In finding the derivative of trigonometric functions, one must
be familiar with trigonometric identities and the algebra
principles. One should simplify first before differentiating the
expression to avoid unnecessary complications in solving.

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