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Physical Education
Quarter 1 – Module 1b
Common Injury Encountered by
Officiating Officials and Athletes
MAPEH – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1b: Common Injury encountered by Officiating Officials
and Athletes
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark John O. Quisel Jonilo O. Jainar

Editors: Jonilo O. Jainar Jumar Quibot
Mary Rose G. Acupanda
Reviewer: Mayflor Olarte - Abuso
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Jenith C. Cabajon

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

The process of developing awareness of immediate hazards and dangers,

equipping you with appropriate accident prevention skills to overcome these
hazards, and keeping everyone alive are components of safety education. Safety
education is important because living is more enjoyable when we are safe.

This module will give you a broad information on injury prevention. It focuses
on the other serious injuries that require immediate care or first aid during the game
in any sports events. In order to prevent or reduce the risks of these serious injuries,
you will learn the concepts and principles of safety education, practice the habits of
observing appropriate personal safety measures, and take responsibility for your
safety and that of others by performing appropriate skills and knowledge in the first
aid procedure. Therefore, make safety a vital part of life.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

 Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations

in physical activity and sports settings (e.g. cramps, sprain, and
heat exhaustion).
PE9PF-Ib-30

 Involves oneself in community service through sports officiating and

physical activity programs.
PE9PF- Ie-h-41

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

 Identify the common injuries encountered by officiating officials

and athletes;
 Perform appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations
in in physical activity and sports settings; and
 Show appreciation to people through involving oneself in domestic
physical activity programs.

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 What I Know

Let’s assess if you experienced being injured while playing sports or any
experiences wherein you encountered injury. Copy the template bellow and answer it
in your activity notebook by putting a check mark (/) on your corresponding answer.

Questions Yes No
Have you had any injuries to your knees, ankle or feet?
Have you experienced falling?
Have you experienced playing or running with muscle crumps?
Have you had any fracture or dislocation?
Have you treated someone with fracture or dislocations?
Have you experienced applying hot or cold compress to an injured
person?
Do you perform warm up exercises properly before work out and cool
down exercises after work out?
Have you experienced officiating any sporting event in your area?
Have you had any injuries to your shoulders, elbows or hands while
officiating?
Have you or the athlete on the game that you are officiating been sent
to the hospital for treatment because of dislocation, fracture or any
injury?

What’s In

Compare the pictures below

https://www.joionline.net/trending/content/sprains-vs-breaks-what-difference https://southfloridareporter.com/how-to-get-rid-of-muscle-cramps/

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 What’s New

Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by

external force. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other
causes. Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause
prolonged disability or death.

What is It

SPRAINS VS. STRAINS

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the

band of connective tissues that joins the ends of one
bone with another. Sprains are caused by trauma
such as a fall or a blow to the body that knocks a joint
out a position and, in the worst case, ruptures the
supporting ligaments.

Sprains can range from first degree (minor) to

third degree (the worst). Areas of the body most
vulnerable to sprains are ankles, knees, and wrists.
Signs of a sprain include varying degrees of
tenderness or pain, bruising, inflammation, swelling,
inability to move a limb or joint or https://www.braceability.com/blogs/articles/sprained-rolled-twisted-ankle
joint looseness, laxity or instability.

A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon – a cord of tissue

connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute, non-contact injury that results from
overstretching or over-contraction. Symptoms of a strain include pain, muscle,
spasm, and loss of strength. While it’s hard to tell the difference between mild and
moderate strains, severe strains not treated professionally can cause damage and
lose of function.

KNEE INJURIES

Because of its complex structure and weight-

bearing capacity, the knee is the most commonly injured

https://orthosports.com/knee-injuries/

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joint. Each year, more than 5.5. Million people visit orthopedic surgeons for knee
problems.
Knee injuries can range from mild to severe. Less severe would be tendinitis,
patella femoral compression syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, and bursitis, to
name a few. More severe injuries include bone bruises or damage to the cartilage or
ligaments. Major injuries are common to the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL),
Meniscus injuries, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Medical collateral ligament
(MCL) and the Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from improper landing after
a jump or from running too hard, too much or without proper warm up. Other
common sports injuries suffered by athletes are shin splints, Achilles tendon injuries,
patella dislocation and hamstring, quadriceps and calf injuries.

FRACTURES

A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from

either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or
from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).
The most common symptoms of a stress fracture is pain
at the site that worsens with weight bearing activities.
Tenderness and swelling often accompany the pain. This is
very important for the coaches to recognize and to refer the
athlete to the trainer or the team physicians. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tibia-shinbone-shaft-
fractures/

DISLOCATIONS

When the two bones that come together to form a joint

become separated, the joint is described as being dislocated.
Contact sports such as football, basketball, and lacrosse, as
well as high impact sports that can result in excessive stretching
or falling, cause the majority of dislocations. A dislocated joint is
an emergency situation that requires medical treatments.
https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/elbow/elbow-dislocation/

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 What’s More

HOME TREATMENT

For sprains and strains

Minor sprains and strains can be treated at

home. Start treatment as soon as possible to
reduce swelling and speed of recovery. The
less swelling, the more blood can get to the
injured part to start the repair process. The
following measures can be used to treat
sprains and strains:
 Apply the R.I.C.E. method
https://healthengine.com.au/info/treat-sprained-ankle  Do not apply heat during the first two
days as this will only increase swelling.
 Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without
increasing bleeding. Therefore, ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory) or aspirin is a good choice. Don’t give aspirin to a child younger
than 16 years.
 Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
 Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
 After 48 hours, start moving the limbs gently, but only enough not to cause
pain.
 Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide. Strains
usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.

For fractures

 Apply the R.I.C.E. method

 Keep the limbs in the position you found it
and place soft padding around the broken
bones. Splint the injury with something rigid,
such as rolled up newspaper or magazines,
to prevent the bones from shifting. Don’t
move the broken bones. Splints must be long
enough to extend beyond joints above and
https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/treatment_broken_bones_fractures_ty
below the fracture. pes_symptoms

 If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to
control bleeding. Don’t try to push the bone back into the wound and don’t
attempt to clean it.

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  Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may
cause severe internal bleeding.
 Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

See a doctor if:

 You suspect a fracture or dislocation or if you are unsure of the severity of a
sprain or strain.
 You cannot straighten the affected joint or bear weight on it, or if a joint feels
unstable.
 The skin over the injury area is broken.
 The limb below the injury feels numb or tingling, or is white, pale or blue in
color or feels colder compared to the other healthy limb.
 The ligaments of the knee are injured.
 You injure an area that has been injured several times before.
 Pain is severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, or if swelling doesn’t subside
within 48 hours.
 A sprain or strain doesn’t improve after five to seven days.
 Signs of infection develop.

Prevention
 Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Don’t be a “weekend
warrior”. Get yourself into shape gradually with a graded exercise program.
Listen to your body. Warm up properly and cool off after exercising. Use
proper equipment and the correct technique.
 Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don’t carry heavy
objects. Watch where you step. Keep your home safe.
 To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising
or doing tai chi.

R. I.C.E method

 Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury this
is the most critical time of treatment. Avoid any activity that causes pain or
makes it worse. Use crutches f the
leg, foot, or ankle is injured. Support
an injured wrist, arm, or shoulder
with a sling. Tape an injured toe or
finger to its healthy neighbor.
 Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory
and it reduces swelling and pain.
Apply an ice pack or cold compress
for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as
possible after an injury. Repeat each
https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-rice-190446
hour for the first 3 to 4 hours, then 4
times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with a thin cloth. If ice
packs are not available, a packet of frozen vegetables in a cloth will do.

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  Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for the last 2 days.
Check that the bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at
night.
 Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever
you are sitting or lying down. Try to keep the injured area at or above the level
of the heart.

What I Have Learned

First Aid knowledge is invaluable for both you as the individual and for your
community. It enables you to assist persons who become injured in the event of an
accident or emergency situation until help arrives. First Aid skills can be applied in
the home, the workplace or in public locations, therefore the more First Aid certified
people there are in a community the safer that community becomes.

What I Can Do

Short Clip!

Instructions:
1. Using your cellphone camera , create a short video tutorial performing or
applying first aid to an injured person (sprains, fracture, knee injuries or
dislocation.
2. You may use methods which are appropriate to the selected injury.
3. You may ask your family members to be your patient or victim in the video.
4. You can send your final video output to your teacher’s email or you can
upload it
through Facebook and YouTube for checking purposes. For outputs
uploaded on Facebook and You Tube make sure you send the link or tag
your teacher.

NOTE: This task should only be given to those students who have cellphone with
camera and those who have access to internet. The teacher may modify or
localize this learning task.

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 Assessment

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your PE activity notebook to write your
answers. Write only the letter of your answer.

1. What common injury is caused by torn fibers in a ligament?

A. Fractures
B. Heat exhaustion
C. Sprains
D. Strains
2. What common injury is described as a break in the bone that can occur from
either a quick, one-time injury to the bone?
A. Fractures
B. Heat exhaustion
C. Sprains
D. Strains
3. What is a common injury that results from a blow or twist to the knee, from an
improper landing after a jump or from running too hard?
A. Dislocations
B. Fractures
C. Knee Injuries
D. Sprains
4. What is referred as a joint injury that forces bones out of position?
A. Dislocation
B. Fractures
C. Sprains
D. Strains
5. The following are areas of the body that are most vulnerable to sprains, EXCEPT:
A. Ankles
B. Head
C. Knees
D. Wrists
6. What does C stand for in R.I.C.E. method?
A. Compaction
B. Compression
C. Condensation
D. Contraction
7. What is an open fracture?
A. A fracture in which the bone ends can move around.
B. A fracture in which the bone is exposed as the skin is broken.
C. A fracture in which there is one-time injury to the bone.
D. A fracture in which the bone has bent and split.

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8. It is an excellent anti-inflammatory substance and it reduces swelling and pain.
A. Alcohol
B. Cloth
C. Ice
D. Water
9. These are other common sports injuries suffered by athletes, EXCEPT:
A. Achilles tendon injuries
B. Patella dislocation
C. Shin splints
D. Stomachache and headache
10. The most critical time of treatment of an injury is the first 24 to 28 hours after the
injury happened. What is the best first aid intervention that can be applied?
A. Compression
B. Elevate
C. Ice
D. Rest

Additional Activities

https://www.orthoatlanta.com/media/10-facts-you-must-know-about-bone-fractures https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264783388_Acute_knee_dislocation

1. What is the difference between the two pictures ?

2. Are the two pictures show similar types of injury? Explain.

________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

second picture is dislocation. 10. D

first picture is a fracture while the 9. D
2. They are different because the 8. C
7. B
strain. 6. B
while the second picture shows a 5. B
1. The first picture shows sprain 4. A
3. C
2. A
What’s in:
1. C
answers may vary
Assessment:
What I know
– answers may vary
What I can do:

References
Gonzales, D., Cagulang, S., Yap, M., & dela Torre. Physical Education and Health –
Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition, 2014, Department of Education

https://healthengine.com.au/info/treat-sprained-ankle
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tibia-shinbone-shaft-fractures/
https://orthosports.com/knee-injuries/
https://southfloridareporter.com/how-to-get-rid-of-muscle-cramps/
https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/elbow/elbow-dislocation/
https://www.braceability.com/blogs/articles/sprained-rolled-twisted-ankle
https://www.joionline.net/trending/content/sprains-vs-breaks-what-difference
https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/treatment_broken_bones_fractures_types_symp
toms
https://www.orthoatlanta.com/media/10-facts-you-must-know-about-bone-fractures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264783388_Acute_knee_dislocation

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net