MAT133: Calculus and Linear Algebra for Commerce

Practice Test 1

Full Name:

UofT Email Address:

Student Number:

Instructions
We strongly recommend treating this practice test as a dry run. This means the following:

• Before opening this test, study using other resources until you feel confident. Please refer to the Test 1 Study
Guide for study tips and resources.
• Print this test, then find a quiet space to write it without distractions. Time yourself for 110 minutes.
• Use only your approved calculator while writing this test. Do not use any unauthorized aids.
• Use the same pencil/pen and eraser that you plan to use for the real test. Be sure to fill in any multiple-choice
bubbles with a dark pencil or pen.
• If you finish the test with time to spare, check your work.
• After you’ve finished, take a break. Then reflect on your test writing techniques. What might you continue
to do, and what might you change, when you write the real thing?
• Attempt to mark your own work, before checking outside sources. Take note of any problems that you are
most and least confident with.
• Compare your answers with a classmate.
• Partial solutions will be posted to Quercus on Wednesday, Nov 3.
• Attend Drop-in hours to discuss any problems that you are still struggling with.

There are 23 questions, for a total of 63 points.

1
1. (2 points) Which of the following systems of equations are linear? Assume that x, y, and z are
variables wherever they appear. Please select all correct answers.

y
3x −=0
5
−2x + 4y = 0

3x − 4y = 2z
−2x + 4y = 0

x2 + y 2 = 4
x−y =0

2x + 3y − z = 4
yx − zy + 2z = 1

None of the above systems are linear.

2. (2 points) The matrix below is an augmented matrix for a linear system.

 
1 −6 −4 2
 0 1 2 2 
A=  0 0
.
0 0 
0 0 0 0

The set of solutions to the linear system is

a plane
a line
a point
empty; there are no solutions.

3. (2 points) You find the augmented matrix below in an ancient Egyptian papyrus scroll. Due to
damage, some numbers on the scroll are unreadable. These are marked with a question mark below.
 
2 −1 5 3 3
 4 −2 −1 2 2 
 
 −3 5 ? 0 7 
−1 2 ? 0 3
Is (1, 2, 0, 1) a solution to the linear system that corresponds to this augmented matrix?
Yes, (1, 2, 0, 1) is certainly a solution.
No, (1, 2, 0, 1) is certainly not a solution.
I need to know the numbers marked as question marks in order to answer.

2
4. (2 points) On another papyrus scroll, you find the augmented matrix below. Again, the entries
marked with a question mark are unreadable.
 
1 0 1 0 0
 0 0 ? 0 ? 
0 0 0 0 ?

Is this matrix in reduced row echelon form?

Yes, this matrix is definitely in reduced row echelon form.
No, this matrix is definitely not in reduced row echelon form.
I need to know the numbers marked as question marks in order to answer.

5. (2 points) Let    
1 0 −2 2 4
A= and B =
3 −1 6 1 −8
Which of the following mathematical objects are defined for these two matrices? Select all correct
answers.
AB
BA
A+B
A − 3B
AT B

6. (2 points) Rubina and Chao play a zero-sum game. Let A be the m × n payoff matrix for the game,
whose entries represent all possible payoffs (in units of Canadian dollars) that Rubina could receive
from Chao. Furthermore, their strategies are given below.

• Rubina always plays using the strategy p = p1 p2 · · · pm

 
 
q1
 q2 
• Chao always plays using the strategy q =  . 
 
 .. 
qn
If Rubina and Chao are about to play this game twice using the above strategies, about how much
money can Rubina expect to win from Chao in total?
pAq
pA2 q
2pAq
pAT Aq
None of the above.

3
7. (2 points) The following table gives the number of Starbucks stores, worldwide, in thousands of stores,
for several different years.

Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Number of stores (1000s) 18.1 19.8 21.4 23.6 25.1

What is the average rate of change in the number of stores over the period 2012 to 2016?
1.75 stores/year
7 stores/year
1750 stores/year
7000 stores/year
None of the above

8. (2 points) We want to find how the volume, V , of a balloon changes as it is filled with air. We know
the volume is given by
4πr3
V (r) =
3
where r is the radius in inches and V (r) is the volume in cubic inches. What does the expression

V (3) − V (1)
3−1
represent?
The average rate of change of the radius with respect to the volume when the radius changes
from 1 inch to 3 inches.
The average rate of change of the radius with respect to the volume when the volume
changes from 1 cubic inch to 3 cubic inches.
The average rate of change of the volume with respect to the radius when the radius changes
from 1 inch to 3 inches.
The average rate of change of the volume with respect to the radius when the volume
changes from 1 cubic inch to 3 cubic inches.
None of the above

9. (2 points) Using a sequence of photos, the height of a diving eagle as a function of time in seconds
since the first photo is given by the table of values below.

Time (s) 0 2 4 4.9 5 6

Height (m) 153 132 101 97 50 13

If you were to estimate the instantaneous downward velocity of the eagle at t = 5s, which of the
following numbers would you calculate? Please choose the best answer based on the information
given.
50−97
1
50−101
1.1
50−97
0.1
96.99−97
0.01

4
10. (2 points) A company called Toyundai produces and sells cars. Their revenue and cost as functions
of the quantity q of cars they produce per year is graphed below, near q = 750.

If Toyundai is currently producing and selling 750 cars per year, which of the following is true?
Toyundai is making a profit and should increase production.
Toyundai is making a profit and should decrease production.
Toyundai is not making a profit and should increase production.
Toyundai is not making a profit and should decrease production.
None of the above.

11. (2 points) Let C(x) be the cost function for producing fidget spinners. Which of the following best
describes the scenario where C 0 (x) > 0 and C 00 (x) < 0?
As we produce more fidget spinners, our total production costs are increasing while our
marginal costs are decreasing.
As we produce more fidget spinners, our total production costs are decreasing while our
marginal costs are increasing.
As we produce more fidget spinners, our marginal costs are increasing at slower and slower
rates.
As we produce more fidget spinners, our marginal costs are decreasing at faster and faster
rates.
None of the above

12. (2 points) Values of a function f are shown in a table below.

Based on this data set, which of the following is the best approximation for f 00 (3)?
-1 0 1 2 3
d
13. (2 points) What is dx ln(23 )?
3 ln(2)
1
23
3
2
None of the above

14. A lumber company considers their weekly revenue R (in units of thousands of dollars) as a function
f of the price of cedar lumber ` in dollars per kilogram. Furthermore, the price of cedar lumber ` is
a function g of the price w of unprocessed cedar wood, in dollars per kilogram. These functions are
graphed below.

5
If the price per kilogram of unprocessed cedar wood increases from $2 to $2.01, approximately what
will be the resulting change in weekly revenue for the lumber company?

Answer:

6
15. Gas Station: Let g be the total sales of gasoline (in litres) between midnight and time t (in hours
since midnight), if the price of gasoline (in $ per litre) is p. We consider g to be a function of t and p,

g = f (t, p)

(a) (2 points) If t is held fixed, do you expect f to be an increasing or decreasing function of p?

Please circle your answer then explain briefly in the space below.

increasing decreasing

(b) (1 point) Translate the following statement from the owner of the gas station into function
notation.
If the price of gas is $1.50 per litre, we sell 1000 litres of gasoline between 10am and noon.

Translation into function notation:

16. (3 points) Let z = f (x, y) = 3x − 2y + 6. Consider a cross-section for this function with x equal to
a positive constant k. Which of the words below best describes this cross-section? Circle the word,
then explain below.

POINT LINE PLANE CURVE

Explanation:

7
17. (5 points) In the system of equations below, k is a constant and x, y, z are variables.
−2x + ky + 0z = 3
4x − 2ky + 0z = −6
0x + 0y + (k 2 − 4)z = k + 2
For which values of k does this system have no solutions? exactly one solution? infinitely many
solutions? Please show your reasoning in the space below, then write your final answers into the
appropriate boxes.

The system has no solutions for the following values of k:

The system has exactly one solution for the following values of k:
The system has infinitely many solutions for the following values of k:

18. (3 points) Consider the linear system of equations below.


 y + 3z = −2
x+ 4z = 1
x + y + 7z = −1


(a) On your own scrap paper, write down the augmented matrix and perform row operations to
put the matrix in row echelon form. After you are finished, summarize your steps in brief
point-form English sentences in the space below, so that anyone else could easily read and
follow them. (Do not use this space for your row reductions.)

(b) Write down the general solution by filling in the blanks below. (Use parameters if needed.)

x= y= z=

8
19. (3 points) A two-card game: Player R has two playing cards: a black ace and a red four. Player C
also has two cards: a black two and a red three. Each player secretly selects one of his or her cards. If
both selected cards are the same colour, Player C pays Player R the sum of the face values in dollars.
If the cards are different colours, Player R pays Player C the sum of the face values. (The face value
of the ace is 1.) Write down the payoff matrix for this game in the box below. Label the rows and
columns so that it’s easy for the reader to understand what they represent.

20. Game Advising: You are providing advice to your friend Ronnie, who is now playing a game with
the payoff matrix below. The entry in the ith row and j th column of this matrix represent the winnings
Ronnie will receive from her opponent if she makes move i and her opponent makes move j.
 
−8 6 4 0
 5 2 3 −1
3 4 5 2

(a) (1 point) If Ronnie and her opponent both play their optimal strategies, how much do you expect
Ronnie to win each game?

(b) (4 points) Ronnie’s opponent inexplicably decides to start playing Move #1 every time they
play the game. Knowing this, what strategy would you recommend for Ronnie? Write your
recommended strategy for Ronnie in the form of a row vector. Then write a message to Ronnie,
explaining what she should do and why.

Recommended strategy for Ronnie:

Message to Ronnie:

9
21. Stock Value: The stock value for a company called Boromex as a function of time t in months since
the beginning of 2020 is graphed below.

y = f (t)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (months)

(a) (4 points) Use the graph to compare each of the quantities below. Fill in each blank with a <,
=, or >. You are not required to explain your reasoning.
<, =, or >
(i) f (1) f (2)

(ii) f 0 (1) f 0 (2)

f (2.5)−f (2) f (6)−f (4)
(iii) 2.5−2 6−4

(iv) f (5) − f (4) f 0 (5)

(b) (4 points) Sketch the graph of the derivative, y = f 0 (t).

y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (months)

10
22. (2 points) You are given the following data about a function f .

x 1 2 4
f (x) -2 0.25 1
f 0 (x) 3 0.5 -1

Compute each of the following, then write your answer into each box. Simplify as much as possible.
(a) d f (x2 )

dx x=2

Answer:
(b) The relative rate of change of y = f (x) at x = 2.

Answer:

dp 
23. A bakery sells croissants. Suppose that dq q=30 = −0.04, where p is the price per croissant and q is
the number of croissants demanded and sold each day. The bakery currently charges $4 per croissant
and sells 30 croissants per day.

(a) (2 points) In plain language, explain to the baker what dp = −0.04 means.

dq  q=30

(b) (3 points) Find the current marginal revenue using the data given. Show your reasoning below
and then write your final answer in the box, including units.

The marginal revenue is

11
You may use this page as additional space for your solutions if needed. Please clearly indicate within the
question box that your solution is continued on Page 12.

12