CASE-BASED QUESTIONS Attempt any 4 sub-parts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark. 1 Read the following and answer the questions given below: DOUBLE FERTILISATION Following compatible pollination, the pollen grain germinates on the stigma to produce a pollen tube which grows through the tissues of stigma and style and reaches to ovary. If the pollen grain was shed at 2-celled stage, the generative cell divides and forms the two male gametes during the growth of pollen tube. In plants which shed pollen grains in 3-celled condition, pollen tube carries the two male gametes from the beginning. The pollen tube enters into ovule and penetrates into the embryo sac. Within embryo sac, the pollen tube enters into one of the synergids through the filiform apparatus. Now the pollen tube releases two male gametes into the space developed by degeneration of peneterated synergid. One of the male gamete moves towards the egg cell and fuses with its nucleus thus completing syngamy resulting into the formatio The other male gamete moves towards the two polar nuclei loc with them to produce a triploid primary endosperm nuc three haploid nuclei, it is termed as triple fusion. S fusion, takes place in an embryo sac, this phenom unique to flowering plants. After fusion, the and develops into endosperm while the(i) Why angiospermic plants produce endosperm while the other plants do not? (a) Angiosperms lack source of nutrition for the embryo. (¥) Female gametophyte of angiosperms is the smallest. (©) Triple fusion takes place in angiosperms. (@ None of these (ii) Filiform apparatus performs the function of (@) opening the pollen tube (b) guiding the pollen tube to egg (©) entry of pollen tube into synergids (4) preventing growth of multiple pollen tubes (iii) Double fertilisation refers to (2) fusion of male gametes twice within an embryo sac (®) syngamy as well as triple fusion (©) fusion of one male gamete with the two polar nuclei (d) both (a) and (b) (iv) Pollen tube enters into embryo sac through (@) micropylar end (8) chalazal end (©) integument (d) all of these2. Read the following and answer the questions given below: SEEDS In angiosperms, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction. It is often described as fertilised ovule. As seeds develop, the ovary develops into fruits, hence seeds remain enclosed within fruit. A seed typically consists of seed coat, cotyledon and an embryo axis. The cotyledons are simple structure generally thick and swollen due to storage of food reserves Mature seeds may be albuminous or non-albuminous. Non-albuminous seeds have no residual endosperm as itis completely consumed during embryonic development (e.g., pea, groundnut). Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryonic development (.g., wheat, maize, barley, castor, sunflower). Occasionally in some seeds such as black pepper and beet, remnants of nucellus are also persistent. This residual, persistent nucellus is perisperm. (i) Which of the following seeds possess perisperm? (@) Pea (6) Groundnut (©) Wheat (@) Beet (ii) Which of the following plant seeds are non-albuminous? (a) Beet (6) Wheat (©) Groundnut (@) Castor (iii) Cotyledons of a seed perform a function of (a) protection to the axis (®) development of axis (0) storage of food reserve (@) storage of water (iv) Percentage of moisture in a dry seed is . elsak wl (@) zero (1045, (©) 20-30 (a) 50 (v) The perispermic seed possess ; (a) endosperm (b) persistent nucellus (©) dead cells (a) embryoquestions given below: HYDROPHILY Hydrophily is the mode of pollination taking place with the agency of water In hydrophilous plants flowersare small and inconspicuous, with perianth and other floral parts being unwettable. coe oe era nectar glands and also lack any odour, Pollen grains are elongated, ribbon like, light and unwettable due to presence of mucilage cover. Stigma is lon, sticky but unwettable. Hydrophily occursinabout30 genera which aremostly monocotyledonous Ai Vallisneria, Zostera, Conatophyllum, ete. In many aquatic plants with emergent flowers, pollination oct by wind or insects, ¢., Lotus, Water lily, Water Hyacinth. Hydrophily is of two types—epihydrophily and hypohydrophily. Epihydrophily takes place on water surface. Zostera and Ceratophyllum are hypohydrophilous while Valisneriais epihydrophilous. In case of hypohydrophilous condition, the pollen grains have same specific gravity as that of water. () Which of the following characters of pollen grain is not present in hydrophilous plants? (a) Pollen grains are ribbon like. (®) Pollen grains are light and unwettable. (c) Pollen grains possess mucilaginous covering. (d) Pollen grains possess pollenkit. (ii) In which of the following plants, epihydrophily takes place?” 3. Read the following and answer the (@) Zostera () Vallisneria (0) Hydritta (d) Lotus: ’ 4 (iii) Which of the following aquatic plants lack hydrophily? (@) Vallisneria (B) Zostera (0) Lotus (a) Ceratophyllum (iv) Which of the following hydrophilous plants is marine in nature? (a) Vallisneria (b) Ceratophylum (0) Hydrila (@) Zostera = () Which of the following characters are not present in water pollinated flowers? (a) Inconspicuous () Odourless (©) Without nectories (d) Brightly coloured4. Read the following and answer the questions given below: AUTOGAMY Autogamy is the type of pollination achieved within the same flower. It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower. In a normal flower which opens and exposes the anthers and stigma, complete autogamy is rather rare. Autogamy in such flowers requires synchrony in pollen release and stigma receptivity, and also, the anthers and the stigma should lie close to each other so that self pollination can occur. Some plants such as Viola, Oxalis and Commelina produces two types of flowers—chasmogamous, the flowers that open at maturity with exposed anthers and stigma, and cleistogamous flowers which do not open at all. In such flowers, the anther and stigma lie close to each other. When anther dehisces the pollen grains come in contact with the stigma to effect pollination. Thus, cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous as there is no chance of cross-pollen landing on the stigma. Cleistogamous flowers produce assured seed-set even in the absence of pollinators.(i) Chasmogamous flowe (a) Commelina i (b) Pea c) Viol ” a aie (d) All of these ii) he of the following statement(s) is true regarding chasmogamous flowers? ‘ey are usually self pollinated. (b) They have more chances of cross pollination. (c) They are mostly autogamous. (@) They are mostly geitonogamous. Ts are the characteristic of (iii) Cleistogamous flowers do not ensure (a) assured seed set (b) no wastage of materials (c) variations (d) pollens (iv) Which of the following statement(s) is correct regarding autogamous flowers? (a) They may be considered as cleistogamous flowers. (b) They may be considered as geitonogamous flowers. (c) Plants are dioecious. (d) Plants are monoecious. (v) Which of the following is possible in cleistogamous flowers? (a) Autogamy (b) Geitonogamy (c) Xenogamy (d) Cross-pollinationCase Based MCOs 98. Study the given figure of embryo sac in () (iii) (iv) angiosperms and answer the questions that follows Embryo sac is also called (a) female gamete (b) synergids (c) female gametophyte (d) egg of angiosperm The arrangement of the nuclei in a normal embryo sac in the dicot (a) 3+2+3 (b)2+3+3 (c) 34+3+2 (d) 24442 Antipodal nuclei in a typical angiospermic embryo sac which found towards (a) micropylar end (b) in the middle (polar) region (c) chalazal end (d) on the lateral sides What does the labelled part A do at the entrance into ovule? {a) It brings about opening of the pollen tube (b) It guides pollen tube from a synergid to egg (c) It helps in the entry of pollen tube into a synergid (d) It prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into the embryo sac99. Direction Read the following and answer the questions from given below Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism including plants is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds which then germinate to produce new plants, Two types of flowers with their pollination is seen in plants are chasmogamy and cleistogamy. Chasmogamous flowers have strikingly coloured petals and nectar guides/nectaries in contrast to cleistogamous flowers which are minute bud-like (i) Cleistogamous flowers are strictly autogamous because, they remain (a) always open (b)always close (c) always fragraned (d)brightly coloured In chasmogamy, pollination takes place in (a) open flower (b) closed flower (c) large flower {d) geitonogamy flower (iii) Advantage of cleistogamy is (a) higher genetic variability (b) more vigorous offspring {c) no dependence on pollinators (d) vivipary (iv) Even in the absence of pollinating agents, seed-setting is assured in {a) Commelina (b) Zostera (c) Salvia (d) Fig (v) Identify the features of the type of flower given below.Choose the correct conclusions drawn from this figure. I. Cleistogamous flowers are not dependent on pollinators. II. Chasmogamous flowers are bisexual. III. Chasmogamous flowers do not show cross-pollination. (a)l and II (b)!and II! (c)Il and Ill (d) Only!100. Direction Read the following and answer the questions from given below Seed is the basis of our agriculture, Dehydration and dormancy of mature seeds are crucial for storage of seeds which can be used as food throughout the year and also to raise crop in the next season. Seeds remain alive after they are dispersed for few to several years. Also number of seeds in a fruit can also yary. Can you think of some plants in which fruits contain very large number of seeds. Orchid fruits are one such category. Its each fruit contains thousands of tiny seeds which when dispersed produces thousands orchid plants. This is so fascinating as how a tiny structure can produce such a large biomass over the years. (i) Why does seed dormancy occur? (a) Due to favourable conditions (b) Due to unfavourable conditions (c) Due to embryonic conditions (d) Due to specific endosperm conditions (i) An example of a very old viable seed excavated from Arctic Tundra in which seed gets germinated and flower after an estimated record of 10,000 years of dormancy is (a) Victoria (b) Lupinus arcticus (c) Phoenix dactylifera (d) Strobilanthes kunthiana(iii) Seed formation without fertilisation in flowering plants involves the process of (a) budding (b) somatic hybridisation (c) apomixis (d) sporulation (iv) Which of the following plants does not produce very large number of seeds? (a) Orobanche (b) Striga (c) Ficus (d) Apple (v) Assertion (A) Some fruits are seedless or contain non-viable seeds. Reason (R) They are produced without fertilisation. (a) Both A and Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A (b) Both Aand Rare true, but Ris not the correct explanation of A (c) Ais true, but R is false (d) Both A and Rare false401. Study the given diagram of a mature embryo given below and answer the questions that follows (i) The embryo in sunflower has (a) no cotyledon (b)two cotyledons (c) one cotyledon (d) many cotyledons (ii) In a cereal grain, the single cotyledon of embryo is represented by (a) coleoptile (b) coleorhiza (c)scutellum (d) No of these (iii) The ephemeral structure which anchors the embryo and pushes it into the nutritional zone of the embryo sac is called (a)A (b)B (c)C (d)D(iv) Dicot embryo consists of (a) radicle and plumule (b) radicle, plumule, cotyledons and sometimes endosperm (c) radicle, plumule, cotyledons and tegmen (d) radicle, plumule, cotyledons, tegmen and testa102. Direction Read the following and answer the questions from given below The ovule or the megasporangium develops as a small protuberance of the placental tissue. In the very young ovale, a single hypodermal cell is differentiated as the archesporium. This archesporium cell may or may not cut off some parietal cells and then becomes the Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC). The MMC. undergoes division to form megaspore cells. Meanwhile two integuments develop from the base of the ovule. (i) Which of these cells is the largest cell of the ovule? {a) Antipodal ceil (b) Central cell (c) Megaspore mother cell (d) The size of the cells varies from species to species and none of the given above can be treated as largest (ii) In angiosperms, microsporogenesis {a) involve meiosis (b) occur in ovule (c) occur in anther (d) form gametes without further divisions Megasporogenesis is the (a) formation of fruits (b) formation of seeds (c) formation of megaspores (d) Both(b)and(c) (iv) Megaspote mother cell is found near the region of (a) micropyle (b) chalaza (c) nucellus {(d) integuments(v) Assertion (A) Megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores. Reason (R) Megaspore mother cell and megaspore both are haploid. (a) Both Aand Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true, but Ris not the correct explanation of A (c) Ais true, but Ris false (d) Both Aand Rare false 103. Observe the given diagram of enlarged view of one microsporangium showing wall layers and answer questions that follows Epidermis Endothecium Middle layers Microspore mother cells Tapetum (i) The number of microsporangia present in the anther is (a) one (b) three (c) two (d) four (ii) Microsporangia develops into (a) megagametes (b) pollens (c) microgametes (d) pollen sacs (iii) Centre of each microsporangium is occupied by (a) sporogenous tissue (b) tapetum (c) central tissue (d) microspore mother cell (iv) Which of the following wall layer does not helps in dehiscence of anther? (a) Epidermis (b) Endothecium (c) Middle layer (d) Tapetum