CONFIDENTIAL AS/JUN 20181B10511

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE GENETICS
COURSE B10511
CODE JUNE
EXAMINATION 2018 2
TIME HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of seven (7) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of :

i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet —
provided by the Faculty

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

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DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages

QUESTION 1
Define the below terms:

a) Genome
=A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its
Genes. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and
maintain that organism
(2 marks)
b) Genetic variation
= The presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species. It
enables natural selection, one of the primary forces driving the evolution of life
(2 marks)
c) Cytogenetics
= The study of is the study of chromosome and their role in heredity
(2 marks)
d) Eugenics
= The science of using controlled, selective breeding to improve hereditary qualities of the human
race
(2 marks)
e) Wild type
= A phenotype, genotype, or gene that predominates in a natural population of organisms or strain
of organisms in contrast to that of natural or laboratory mutant forms also : an organism or strain
displaying the wild type
(2 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) Erwin Chargaff stated three rules known as Chargaff's rules; explain these rules.
= DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and
purine bases and the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to
thymine.

(6
marks)

b) Based on 'Photo 51' by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, answer the following
questions.

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Figure 1: Photo 51

i) State the technique used to produce 'Photo 51".

= X-ray crystallography
(2
marks)
ii) Identify the significance of the experiment.
= The discovery of the DNA double helix and it is the most favoured technique for structure
determination of proteins and biological macromolecules. Enables the identification of the
atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. The determination of the absolute configuration of
chiral compounds is one of the most difficult analyses of molecular structures
(4
marks)
QUESTION 3
Alkaptonuria (black urine disease) is a rare inherited genetic disorder that causes the urine of
affected individuals to turn brown or black after prolonged exposure to air. It results from a
defect in tyrosine metabolism. Affected individuals show the trait from birth. The pedigree
below shows an extended family pedigree including two individuals affected by the trait.
Assume those who marry in do not have the mutation.

a) Identify the mode of inheritance of alkaptonuria.

= Autosomal recessive

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(2 marks)
b) Obligate carriers are individuals who must carry the mutation that produces the trait. List
the obligate carriers in the pedigree.
= I1,I2,IV2,IV3
(4 marks)

QUESTION 4
An isolated population of field mouse was found with a few characteristic differences. Some
have long hair whereas others have short hair and some have long legs whereas others have
short legs. Presented below are the results of several crosses.
Progeny
No. Parental Long hair, long Long hair, Short hair, Short hair,
legs
short legs long legs short legs
1 Long X Shorthair
hair short leg 182 178
short leg
2 Long X Short hair 100
hair short leg 103 98 99
long leg
3 Long X Long hair 462
hair long leg 150
long leg
4 Short X Shorthair 121
hair long leg 359
long leg
5 Long X Long hair 61
hair long leg 556 184 193
long leg
a) Identify the genotypes of the parental mice for each cross.
H = long hair, h = short hair, L = long leg, l = short leg

1. Hl x hl
2. HL x hl
3. HL x HL
4. hL x hL
5. HL x HL

(5 marks)

b) Based on the number of progeny from parental cross no.(5), calculate the chi-square
value to determine whether it fit Mendel's Second Law of Inheritance. Refer to Table 1
below for critical value at probability level 5%.

Table 1: Chi square Table

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Degrees
Probability (p)
of 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01
freedom
1 0.02 0.46 1.64 2.71 3.84 5.41 6.64
2 0.21 1.39 3.22 4.61 5.99 7.82 9.21
3 0.58 2.37 4.64 6.25 7.82 9.84 11.34
4 1.06 3.36 5.99 7.78 9.49 11.67 13.28

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=

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(15 marks)

QUESTION 5
a) Define the Lyon hypothesis.
= The phenotypic effect of the X chromosome is the same in the mammalian female which has
two X chromosomes as it is in the male which has only one X chromosome. One out of two X
chromosomes in females is inactivated early in embryonic development. It is called as the Barr
body.
(4 marks)
b) Relate the potential effect of the Lyon hypothesis to the tortoise-shell cat.
= An X is randomly chosen in each cell for inactivation early in development. Descendants of
that cell will have the same X inactivated, making female mammals genetic mosaics for instance
Calico cats, in which differing descendant cells produce patches of different color on the animal.
Some cells express the maternal X and others express the paternal X. Cats heterozygous for
orange and black gene must carry two X chromosomes
(4 marks)

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QUESTION 6
A cross was made between two strains of the hypothetical plant Blue Lagmaratus, a man
eating species. Oblivious to the hazards involved in working with this plant, a researcher made
the following cross: a heterozygous wild type plant was crossed with a homozygous recessive,
quick tentacled (q), accelerated appetite (a), and attractively scented (s) plant. The following
progeny were obtained:
q 435
22
28
a 450
q + 7
a
q 23
+
S 27
q a
8
+ a s
Total 100
= 0
a) Arrange the phenotypic classes into reciprocal pairs.
(4 marks)

b) Determine the distance between gene q and a.

(2
marks)
c) Determine the distance between gene q and s.
(2
marks)

d) Determine the distance between gene a and s.

(2 marks
)
e) Deduce the genetic map for the above genes.
(2 marks
)
f) Calculate the correction for double crossovers.
(2 marks
)

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QUESTION 7
In humans, Rhesus positive individuals have Rh antigen on their red blood cells, while
Rhesus negative individuals do not. Assume that the Rhesus positive phenotype is produced
by a dominant allele Rh+, and the Rhesus negative phenotype is produced by its recessive
allele rh-.

a) In a population that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, if 84% of the individuals are

Rhesus positive, determine the frequencies of the Rh+ allele and the rh- allele at this
locus.
(5mark)
P^2 + 2pq+ q^2 = 1
Rh+ Rh+ = p^2 = positive individual
Rh+ rh- = 2pq Positive individual
rh- rh- = q^2= Negative individual
P^2 + 2pq = 84% = 0.84
q^2 will be = 16% = 0.16
alleles frequency, q
q = 0.4 = 40%
p+q =1
p + 0.4 = 1
p = 0.6 / 60%

b) If there are 10,000 people in the population, determine how many of them are expected
to be heterozygous.
= P^2 + 2pq+ q^2 = 1
(0.84) + 0.16 = 1

Heterozygous is 2pq
2 (0.6) (0.4) = 0.48 / 48%

(48/100) x 10,000 = 4,800 people expected to be heterozygous.

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(5
marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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