International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)

Volume 94 – No.7, May 2014

Simple Half-Wave Dipole Antenna Analysis for Wireless

Applications by CST Microwave Studio

Mohammad Tareq* Dewan Ashraful Mazidul Islam Razin Ahmed

Asst. Professor, Alam Lecturer, Dept. of EETE, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE,
Dept. of EETE, Programmer, Election Dhaka International International University
Dhaka International Commission Secretariat, University (DIU), of Business Agriculture
University (DIU), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, 66, Green Road, Dhaka-
66-Green Road, and Technology
Dhaka-1207, 1205, Bangladesh
Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh Bangladesh (IUBAT),
Dhaka-1230,
Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Feeding gap of the antenna,

In this paper, a simple half-wave dipole antenna has been
designed and analyzed for wireless applications. Resonant
frequency for the dipole antenna was 5 GHz and as a
simulation tool CST Microwave Studio (MWS) has been Radius of the wire,
used. After that the return loss curve, the VSWR and the far-
field radiation patterns of the half-wave dipole antenna have
been observed.
From the first equation, wavelength has been calculated based
Keywords on which length of the dipole antenna has been found from
Dipole Antenna, CST MWS, Far-field radiation the second equation. Feeding gap and radius of the wire have
been calculated from the equation no.3 and 4 respectively.
1. INTRODUCTION
Dipole antenna is very common practical wire antenna [1]. All dimensions of the antenna are given in the Table 1.
There are several types of dipole antennas such as hartzian Table 1: Design Parameters of the Antenna
dipole, half-wave dipole, small dipole [2] etc.
Parameter Value Unit
Resonant Frequency (fr) 5 GHz
Wavelength (λ) 60 mm
Impedance 73 Ohm
Length of the dipole (L) 28.6 mm
Radius of the dipole (R) 0.06 mm
Fig. 1: Half-Wave Dipole Antenna
A general construction of a half-wave dipole antenna [3] has 3. SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS
been shown in the Fig.1. There is a gap between two arms of 3.1. Simulations
half-wave dipole antenna for feeding purpose. Here L is the According to the design parameters a half-wave dipole
total length of the antenna, D is the thickness of antenna arm antenna has been designed in CST MWS. In the Fig. 2
and g is the feeding gap. Radiation resistance of the half-wave designed half-wave dipole antenna has been shown.
dipole is 73 Ohm which matched with the line impedance [4].

2. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Dimension of an antenna changes based on the resonant
frequency. As a resonant frequency 5GHz has been chosen.
By taking this into consideration several antenna dimension
have been calculated [5].
Resonant frequency, GHz

Wavelength,

Fig. 2: Designed Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

For the simulation purpose the ranges of frequencies have
Length of half-wave dipole antenna, been chosen from 4 GHz to 6 GHz.
For making the simulation fast and more accurate global mesh
properties have been optimized. As antenna copper (annealed)

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 94 – No.7, May 2014

has been used and between the two antenna arms a sheet has
been selected.

3.2. Results
After the simulation return loss has been observed. Return
loss curve has been shown in the Fig.3.

Fig. 6: H-field Distribution of the designed Half-Wave

Dipole Antenna
Magnetic field density has shown in the Fig. 6.

Fig. 3: Return Loss Curve for the designed Half-Wave

Dipole Antenna
From the Fig. 2 authors have found that the antenna is
resonating at 4.992 GHz. Moreover, the value of return loss
has been found as -58.65 dB (approx.).

Fig. 7: E-field Distribution of the designed Half-Wave

Dipole Antenna

Electric field distribution has shown in the Fig. 7.

Fig. 4: Bandwidth Curve for the designed Half-Wave

Dipole Antenna
Bandwidth of the antenna has shown in the Fig. 4. Bandwidth
of the designed antenna has found as 0.54983 GHz. Ranges of
frequency at -10 dB are 4.6667 GHz and 5.2165 GHz.
Fig. 8: 3-D Far-Field Radiation Pattern for Directivity of
Designed Half-Wave Dipole Antenna
Far-field radiation [6] pattern has been shown in the Fig. 8.
Directivity has found as 2.195 dBi. Obtained directivity was
almost identical to the theoretical ones [7]. Red color shows
the maximum radiation.

Fig. 5: VSWR Plot of the designed Half-Wave Dipole

Antenna
VSWR curve has shown in the Fig. 5. Authors have found it
was 1.2 at the resonant frequency 5GHz.

Fig. 9: Polar Plot for Azimuthal Angle of the Designed

Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 94 – No.7, May 2014

Polar plot for azimuthal angle has shown in the Fig. 9. 4. CONCLUSIONS
Main objective of this paper was to observe the several
antenna characteristics for popular wire antenna. As a popular
practical antenna half-wave dipole antenna was selected.
Obtained results were acceptable for practical implementation
of this types of antennas. As a simulation tool CST
Microwave Studio was used which ease the simulation.
Obtained resonant frequency (4.992 GHz) was lesser than
target frequency (5 GHz) which is acceptable. Return loss
obtained as -58.6498 dB which shows the characteristic of
reflection coefficient. Bandwidth was observed as almost 550
MHz which is good enough to cover various wireless
applications. There are few scopes to improve the results by
optimizing several parameters which might be fruitful for
researchers. Author would like to work on these in future.

Fig. 9: Polar Plot for Elevation Angle of the Designed 5. REFERENCES

Half-Wave Dipole Antenna [1] Balanis, Constantine A., “Antenna Theory Analysis and
Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, USA (2005),
Polar plot for elevation angle has shown in the Fig. 9.
pg.151
[2] Ramo, Simon, Whinnery, John R., Duzer, Theodore Van,
“Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics”, ,
John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, Canada (1994)
[3] Saunders, Simon R., Zavala, Alezandro Aragon,
“Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, England
(2007), pg. 73
[4] Balanis, Constantine A., “Antenna Theory Analysis and
Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, USA (2005),
pg. 182
Fig. 10: Far-field Radiation Pattern for Gain of the
Designed Half-Wave Dipole Antenna [5] Parminder Singh, Ankita Sharma, Neha Uniyal,Richa
Kala, “Half-Wave Dipole Antenna for GSM
Gain has found as 2.149 dB from the simulation which has
Applications”, International Journal of Advanced
shown in the Fig. 10.
Computer Research (ISSN (print): 2249-7277 ISSN
Summary of the simulated results are given in the Table 2. (online): 2277-7970), Volume-2 Number-4 Issue-6
December-2012
Table 2: Simulated Results of the Designed Antenna
[6] Balanis, Constantine A., “Antenna Theory Analysis and
Parameter Value Unit Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, USA (2005),
Resonant Frequency (fr) 4.922 GHz pg. 34-35
Bandwidth 0.54983 GHz [7] Saunders, Simon R., Zavala, Alezandro Aragon,
Directivity 2.195 dBi “Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication
Gain 2.149 dB Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, England
Return Loss -58.6498 dB (2007), pg. 77

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