UNSWITCHED BATTERY SUPPLY CIRCUIT

CUMMINS

FAULT CODE: 441

PID: P168
SPN: 168
FMI: 1

Unswitched Battery Supply Circuit

DESCRIPTION
The ECM receives unswitched battery input through the engine
harness. There are three inline 7.5-amp fuses and two 10-amp fuses
in the unswitched battery wire of the actuator harness to protect
the engine harness from overheating.
Make sure the ECM unswitched battery supply is coming directly
from the battery and not the starter or other device. Check for
possible weak batteries.
COMPONENT LOCATION
The ECM is connected to the battery by the engine harness. This
direct link provides a constant power supply for the ECM. The
location of the battery will vary with the equipment manufacturer.
Refer to the equipment manufacturer's repair manual for the
battery location.

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TROUBLESHOOTING STEPS
Step 1A) Turn key switch OFF and inspect the battery cable connections for the corrosion and loose
connection.

No damaged connections?

Yes - Go to 1B No - Tighten the battery connections, and clean the

battery terminals
Go to 4A

Step 1B) Turn key switch OFF and check the battery voltage. Measure the battery voltage from the positive
(+) terminal to the negative (-) terminal. Measure the battery voltage from the positive (+) terminal to the
negative (-) terminal while trying to start the engine.

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 • Normal conditions:
- At least (+) 12 VDC ((+) 12-VDC system)
- At least (+) 24 VDC ((+) 24-VDC system)
• During cranking:
- At least (+) 6.2 VDC ((+) 12-VDC system)
- At least (+) 12 VDC ((+) 24-VDC system)

Yes - Go to 2A No - Charge or replace the battery

Go to 4A

Step 2A) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect the 7.5-amp fuses and 10 amp-fuse from the engine harness.
Check if the three 7.5-amp fuses and the 10-amp fuse are installed correctly.

Fuses installed correctly?

Yes - Go to 2B No - Install fuses correctly

Go to 4A

Step 2B) Turn key switch to the OFF position and disconnect the 7.5-amp fuses and 10-amp fuse from the
engine harness. Check if the three 7.5-amp fuses and the 10-amp fuse are blown.

Fuses not blown?

Yes - Go to 2C No - Replace the fuses

Go to 4A

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Step 2C) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect the engine harness from the battery at the 23-pin Deutsch
connector. Inspect the 23-pin connectors on both the battery side and the harness side for:
• Bent or broken pins
• Pushed back or expanded pins
• Corroded pins
• Moisture in or on the connector
• Missing or damaged seals

No damaged pins or loose connections?

Yes - Go to 2D No - Repair or replace the 23-pin connector

Go to 4A

Step 2D) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect the engine harness from the battery supply at the 23-pin
Deutsch connector. Check for an open circuit in the battery supply and return circuits. Measure the
resistance from pins B, C, D, M, and S to the positive (+) terminal of the battery. Measure the resistance
from pins E, F, H, P, and W to the negative (-) battery terminal.

Less than 10 ohms?

Yes - Go to 2E No - Repair or replace the harness

Go to 4A

Step 2E) Turn key switch OFF and check the add-on or accessory wiring at the positive (+) terminal of the
battery. Starting at the positive (+) terminal, follow any add-on or accessory wiring, and examine the wire(s)
for damaged insulation or installation error that can cause supply wire to be shorted to the engine block
ground.
No damaged wires?

Yes - Go to 3A No - Repair the damaged wiring

Go to 4A

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Step 3A) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect the engine harness from the ECM. Disconnect the engine
harness from the 23-pin Deutsch connector. Check for a short circuit and measure the resistance from pin
38 to all other pins in the engine harness, and from pins 39, 40, 20, 28, and 29 to all other pins in the engine
harness.
More than 100k ohms?

Yes - Go to 3B No - Replace the engine harness

Go to 4A

Step 3B) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect engine harness from the ECM. Disconnect engine harness
from the 23-pin Deutsch connector. Check for an open circuit. Measure the resistance, on the engine
harness side, from pin 38 of the ECM connector to pin D of the 23-pin connector, as well as from pin 39 to
pin B; from pin 40 to pin C; from pin 20 to pin E; from pin 28 to pin F; and from pin 29 to pin H of the 23-pin
connector.

Less than 10 ohms?

Yes - Go to 3C No - Replace the engine harness

Go to 4A

Step 3C) Turn key switch OFF and disconnect engine harness from the ECM. Disconnect engine harness
from the 23-pin Deutsch connector. Check for a short circuit to ground. Measure the resistance from pin 38
of the ECM connector on the engine harness to chassis ground, as well as from pins 39, 40, 20, 28, and 29
of the ECM connector on the engine harness to chassis ground.

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 More than 100k ohms?

Yes - Go to 4A No - Replace the engine harness

Go to 4A

Step 4A) Connect all components. Turn key switch ON and disable the fault code. Start the engine, and let
idle for 1 minute. Verify that Fault Code 441 is inactive.

Fault Code 441 inactive?

Yes - Go to 4B No - Return to troubleshooting steps or contact local

Cummins Authorized Repair Location if all steps
have been completed and checked again
Go to 1A

Step 4B) Connect all components, turn key switch ON clear the inactive fault codes using the diagnostic
tool.
All fault codes cleared?

Yes - Repair is complete No - Troubleshoot any remaining active fault codes

with appropriate troubleshooting steps.

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