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Grade 11 ICT Week 3 Note

1. The document discusses different types of information systems in organizations. It defines a system as an interrelated set of components with an identifiable boundary working together for some purpose. 2. A system has nine key characteristics: components, interrelated components, a boundary, a purpose, an environment, interfaces, input, output, and constraints. The components have structure and order and work together to achieve the system's overall purpose. 3. Interfaces are the points where a system meets its environment or where subsystems interact. Interfaces perform important functions like security, filtering, coding/decoding messages, and error detection. Well-designed interfaces allow different systems to work together.

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Kaleab Alebachew
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600 views

Grade 11 ICT Week 3 Note

1. The document discusses different types of information systems in organizations. It defines a system as an interrelated set of components with an identifiable boundary working together for some purpose. 2. A system has nine key characteristics: components, interrelated components, a boundary, a purpose, an environment, interfaces, input, output, and constraints. The components have structure and order and work together to achieve the system's overall purpose. 3. Interfaces are the points where a system meets its environment or where subsystems interact. Interfaces perform important functions like security, filtering, coding/decoding messages, and error detection. Well-designed interfaces allow different systems to work together.

Uploaded by

Kaleab Alebachew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: - ICT

Grade: - 11
Teacher’s Name: - Zerihun W.
Topic: - INFORMATION SYSTEM
WEEK THREE

LESSEN ONE
Types of Information system in the Organization
The term ‘system’ is derived from the Greek word ‘system’ (to combine), which means an organized
relationship among functioning units or components. A system exists because it is designed to achieve one or
more objectives. A system is an orderly arrangement of its components. The components of a system have
structure and order. The organization determines the flow of control, communication and the chain of
commands.
There are many system concepts which play an important role in understanding the system. The flow of
information in an organization is very vital. There are various departments in an organization, depending on
the services or products they provide to us. With each department there are three traditional levels of
management—top, middle and lower. For making proper decisions—the different levels of managers require
the right kind of information at the right time. Information system is a system that provides information to
people in an organization. There are various types of computer-based information systems, which serve
different levels of management.
Definition of System and Characteristics
System
A system is an interrelated set of components with an identifiable boundary working together for some
purpose. A system has nine characteristics (see Fig. 1.)

1
LESSEN TWO
Characteristics
The system characteristics are discussed below:
1. Components: A system is made up of components. A component is either an irreducible part or an
aggregate of parts, also known as a subsystem. The simple concept of a component is very powerful. For
example, just as with an automobile or a stereo system with proper design, we can repair or upgrade the
system by changing individual components without having to make changes throughout the entire system.
2. Interrelated components: The components are interrelated, that is, the function of one component is
somehow tied to the functions of the other components. For example, the work of one component, such as
producing a daily report of customer orders received, may not progress successfully until the work of another
component is finished, such as sorting customer orders by date of their receipt.
3. A boundary: A system has a boundary within which all of its components are contained and that
establishes the limits of a system, separating the system from other systems. Components within the
boundary of a system can be changed, whereas things outside the boundary cannot be changed.
4. A purpose: All of the components work together to achieve some overall purpose for the larger system:
the system’s main reason for existing.
5. An environment: A system exists within an environment which comprises of everything outside the
system’s boundary. For example, we might consider the environment of a state university to include the
legislature, prospective students, foundations and funding agencies and the news media. Usually the system
interacts with its environment, exchanging, in the case of an information system, data and information.
6. Interfaces: The points at which the system meets its environment are known as interfaces, and there are
also interfaces between subsystems. An example of subsystem interface is the clutch subsystem, which acts
as the point of interaction between the engine and transmission subsystems of a car.

Special characteristics of interfaces are given below:


Interface Functions
Because an interface exists at the point where a system meets its environment, the interface has
Several special, important functions. An interface provides:
(i). Security protecting the system from undesirable elements that may want to infiltrate it;
(ii). Filtering unwanted data, both the elements leaving the system and entering it;
(iii). Coding and decoding incoming and outgoing messages;
(iv). Detecting and correcting errors in its interaction with the environment;
(v) Buffering, providing a layer of slack between the system and its environment, so that the system and its
environment can work on different cycles and at different speeds
(vi). Summarizing raw data and transforming them into the level of detail and format required throughout the
system (for an input interface) or in the environment (for an output interface).
2
Because interface functions are critical in communication between system components or a system and its
environment, interfaces receive much attention in the design of information systems.
It is the design of good interfaces that allows different systems to work together without being too dependent
on each other.
7. Input: A system takes input from its environment in order to function. Mammals, for example, take in
food, oxygen and water from the environment as input. A system cannot function properly if inputs are
inaccurate or faulty.
8. Output: Finally, a system returns output to its environment as a result to its functioning and thus achieves
its purpose.
9. Constraints: A system must face constraints in its functioning because there are limits (in terms of
capacity, speed, or capabilities) to what it can do and how it can achieve its purpose within its environment.
Some of these constraints are imposed inside the system (e.g., a limited number of staff available), whereas
others are imposed by the environment (e.g., due dates or regulations imposed by government or some other
agency).

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