Scribd
Upload
71 views12 pages

Kozhevnikova Iz Nablyudeniy Nad Neklassicheskoy Prozoy

Uploaded by

adrijanlejn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
71 views12 pages

Kozhevnikova Iz Nablyudeniy Nad Neklassicheskoy Prozoy

Uploaded by

adrijanlejn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12
‘CEPA IIMTEPATYPbI WK S3bIKA TOM 35-Ne 14-1976 7 MATEPHAJBI W COOBIEHHA BH. A. KOXKEBHHKOBA W3 HABJIOXJEHWA HA HEKJIACCH4ECKON (sOPHAMEHTAJIBHOM») DPO301 B nayane XX B. B pyccKo amTepatype u hunonoram upnobpena mupo- Koe pacmpocrpaneHue mea ocoboro WosTH4eECKOrO AabIKa, UpoTMBONOCTaB- MeHHOTO ABHKY UPAKTHIECKOMY, W0-pasHOMy UpeOMMBMAaAcA H B TossHH, HB pose. Tlouck ocoGoro Aska DIMM B PasHHX HanpanrenuAx, OTTAIKMBAACh OT pasHBIX SCTETHYCCKHX, a OTUACTH H huNocoPcKux upexNocwoK. Onn Haman cBoeobpasHoe BOUMOMeHHe H B N093HH CHMBONHCTOB, MH B «CAMOBHTOM ClIOBeD @yrTypucros, 1 B , HO HM O IpAMOM H COsHATeNbHO cBasu. A. Beastit ne TONBKO He CKPHBay CBA3u CROei MposH c mposoi Toroas, Ho, Hamporus, BCAHYECKH €€ MOAYEPKUBAN, XOTA CBA3b oTA UMeeT CBOeCOOpasHEI XapakTep — Bexsrit nogpo6uo paspabaTbizaer oTseMbHbe ToroweBckHe UpueMBI u OOpasst, yTpupya um saccrpaa ux B CoorgeTcranmu c co6cTseHHO cucremoit *. Onpepenenusie, cnocoGu oprann3aqun noBRecTBoBaHUA HM UpHeMs c10B0- ymorTpe6reHus ; WocTeneHHO wepecTaoT 6nITh jOCTOHHUeM oNpeyexeHHOrO DucaTeIA WU CTAaHOBATCA ABNeHnemM oOmexyOrKeCTReHHSIM, IIMpoKO oTpaxca- Cb B Mpose 20-x roqoB, AA KOTOpOH XapakTepHH! NoucKU HOBHIX Gop, crpemieHne mucaTb 060 BCeM 10-HoRoMy. XoTA WyTH pasHHIX MCaTeNelt K Op- HaMeHTAIbHOM Mpose OMIM pasiMIHBIMM — ATA OABMX NCXO_HO TOUKOT 6s110 DosTHYecKoe TRopyecTBo (JI. Peitcuep, B. Jlanpenes), ya Apyrax — Teopetm4eckne nonoxenna OILOASa (10. Tranos), qua Tperbux — orras- KMBaHHe OT HAaTypaucTMecKoro SLlTouMCaTeNDCTBa MT. U., OHM Ha Kakoe- TO BpeMaA nepeceKauch. OpHaMeHTambHOCTh HatoxKua CBO OTHeYaTOK Ha TBOPYCCTRO NMCaTeNeH, PasIMIHEIX HM C TOUKM SPeHNA WAAMBHAYAIbHOCTH, HC TOUKN BpeHHA HAeHHbIX ycrpemreHni, Gonee HIM MeHee TOCTeNOBaTeIbHO oTpasuBmuch B TBOpyecTBe Bc. Wnanona, Mexuua, Jleonona, Manpmmkuna, . Ba6ena, Jlaspenepa, Bysraxona («Betaa raapyua»), Uuapnaxa, Cnagnosa («lementy), JI. Peitcnep, Cepapumonuya («}Xenesnsit noTok»), TainaHoBa («Cmeprh Basup-Myxrapa»). ~~ Orgmyne opHaMenTatbHoi uposbl oT KsaccM4ecKoro moRecTBOBAHHA B TOM, 4TO COBO B Hei Hepecraer OBIT «HeiiTpaibHo cpefoit ui cHcTemoit oGosnateHHit, CXOAHBIX ¢ CTOBOyHOTpeOzeHHeM, UpakTHYeCcKOrO ABHIKa uM BEOUMMAX HAC B OTBICTEHHOE OT CORA ABWKCHHE TEMATHIECKUX 91eMeHTOB» *. Tlepectapan OsITb TOALKO CpefCTBOM BEIpAKeHMA, COBO AO MsBecTHOi cTe- UeHH CTAHOBHTCH TenbO, Ferman hopMy, XyMO*KecTReHHYyI0 KONCTpyKNHI0 mponapexenna onytumoit. 9TO O6ycHOBANBaeT H_B3AaBMOOTHOMeHUA cOBeCHOH PopMiI c ApyruMa COCTaBHEIMH YaCTAMU XYMOWKECTREHHOTO UpousBeneHMA, B MepBy!o oyepesd © cloeTOM H XapaKrepamH. Kak ormetamM uccmeqOBaTeIH, B OpHaMeHTatb- HoH pose «KoMMOsHIMOHHO-cTuIMCTHYeCKHe apaGeckH... BLITeCHAIOT oe- MeHTHI Clo*KeTa, OT COBA HesaBpncuMoro» *, peib B UponsBexenMA «paccTH- aaeres» Hay «XapaktTepaMH H cloxKeTOM» °, Bra o6Man sakoHoMepHOcTS, Ipo- ABINOMAACA B PasHbIX UPOMsRe_eHMAX B OonbMew uuu MeHbIUeH cTreneHH, CBAZAHA He TONSKO ¢ OOMMM XapakTepoM ciOBa, HO HC OCOGeHHOCTAME CTpo- eHHA OPHaMeATAIbHO poss. _Bansocrs opnaMentaibnoi mpoast K CTUXy BEIpaKaeTcA Mmpextye BCeTO B cHenupusecKoM Xapaktepe cioBa H B OCOOeHHOCTAX OpraHmsanunH woBect- soranua. Ipn6nmxenue putmMa mposkl K CTHXOTBOPHOMy PHTMy — ABAeHue He OO#3aTeIbHOe, XOTA H BCTPeyaloMeecA B OpHAMeHTaNLHOH pose. OpHa- MeHTAJIbHaH UPO3a OPHEHTUPYeTCA Ha CTHXOTBOPHY!W Pew perme BCCTO Kak Ha cnenupuyeckuit cnoco6é oprannaanun XyqomecTBenHoi peut. Ocuoza oprannsanum TeKcTa B OpHaMeHTaLHol mpose2 LoBTop mM BOSANKaloMUe Ha ero OCHOBe CKBO3HaA’ CHOBeCHaA TeMa M JeliTMoTHB. «B cOxKHAIX poMann- YeCKMX CX€MAX HOBOTO BPeMeHM WHOTa CBABL OAHOTUMBBX SNUBOLOB AOCTU- raeTcH MoBTOpeHueM oUpeereHHEIX COB, Kak Os 10 THY BarHepoBcKHX 3 Beauit A. Macreperno Torons. M., 1934. 4 Hupayncruii B. Yaa. cow, c. 49. 5 Tam 2Ke, c. 48. ® Hpacomupeyxaa H. B, Crunopse wckanns] » panei coserctoit mpose,— B KE.: Teopux sureparypu, M., 1965. 56 aeiitmoTuBos» 7. Tlopropalorca He TOABKO OMpepeeHHbIe CORA, HO MH cr0Ba OJHOTO CMEICHOBOTO Wana, OTACIbULIe UpeLTOReHMA, OOpassl, WeMHe CHeHH Texct opramusywT CXOqHBIe H KOHTpacTHBle BHYTPeHHUe CTOBeCHEe TeMB aeuTMOTHBEL, KOTOpbie CcosqawT ero equucTBo. Kak u B WMpuyecKOM cTUXO- TBROPeHU, PasBUTHe BTHX TEM MO?KET HC¥YePUABATLCA BHYTPH HeOOMEMOTO OTphBKa (HalpuMep, aOzaija). OqHako 9TO JMINb OfMH U3 YaCTHEIX UpHH- WMOB Opranusanun ooRecrsoBanusA. Kak upanuto, OHM TeMH, OpraHusyA ueOOAbM0H KOHTEKCT, 3aTYXaIOT, Jpyrue Mpo_oWKaloT pasBUBAaTLCA, Mepe- KIMKAACL € [PYTHMM YacraMM TeKcTa. Onopuvie cropa He BCerqa KOHYeHTPUpyIOTCA B OAHOM OTPHIBKe, OT KO- Toporo TAHHYTCA HTH K gpyruM. OHM BHICTpamBaloTcA B equHYyO AHHUIO m0 Mepe pasBUTHA WoBecTBOBaHUA. Tak BOSHMKAaNOT UepeKIMYKM He TOMbKO BHYTPH 3aMKHyToro dparMeHTa, HO HU Mey pasHbiMu parMeHTaMu, KOTO- pale OTCTOAT Apyr oT Apyra Ha Ooabmom paccroaHnu. . \Upanqan aeiirmorusnocru, ugymkt or Tossun uw MyaHKM, 6st Mopro- TOBNeH yoke B KXaCcHIecKOi Mpose, HO UMeX B Heil CpaBHUTeIEHO OTpaHH- YeHHOe IpUMeneHue, BaTPOHYB NpeuMyulectReHHO chepy onmcanuaA, B nepByI0 ovepeqh uoprper (Toacro#, [focroenckuit). Kax o6mnit upwnnun oprann-, 3AM TOBeCTBORAHHA OH OBIT MpHMeHeH B HEKOTOPETX GeccloweTHHIX pac- ckazax Uexopa, HO He HMC B HAX CTOAb ABHOTO JeMOHCTPaTHBHOTO xXapak- Tepa, Kak B [pose opHaMentansHol, rye UPMHW MeliTMoTMBHOcTA mpH- o6petaer Yerkoe CTpykTypHoe OhopMileHue u BHIHOCHTCA Ha HoBepxHocTs. To, 4TO B KlaccuyecKolt WuTepaType MCHOMb30BAaMOCh Kak TacTHEIt mpueM, B Op- HaMeHTaIbHOM mpose cTazo KOHCTPYKTHBULIM UpHAnunom. CrpyKTypuaa CBABB C MossHelt onpenermaach Ha CaMOM PaHHeM aTalle pasBMTMA OpHamen- “TambHO Mposbl, M UMeHHO OHA NOsBOTMAAa OCOBHATH OPHAMeHTAIbUy! mposy Kak HedTO KaveCTBeHHO OTNMIHOE OT KaccMIecKOi peamucTH4ecKo MposH. B oTom orHomenny HoKasaTerbH Cumponun m pomanit A. Bexoro, HeKoro- pure Bema A, Pemusopa, 3amaruna, «Const rog» Inapnana, «[[perauie Ber- pa» Be. Weanosa, «Kenesunit norox» Cepadumosnya, «fopoga u rogun ®egnna, «Benaa raapaua» Byaraxosa. Xora crpykrypuad cBA3b co CTuxoM B OHHX UpomaneqeHHAX DOATepKHyTa HM OOHAKeHAa, B APyTuUx BsamacKupo- Balla, JeiTMOTHB Kak OCHOBHOM UpPHHWAN opraknsalMu MoBecTBORAHMA pon- HUT Bee BTH npoMsReyenua. B sanucnMmocru oT Toro, HACKOBKO paspaboraH B MPOSBE_eHHA cloxwKeT B TPAANHOHHOM ero NOHUMAHHU, PoOb JeliTMoTHBA mensetes. [pa qoctaTomo paspadoTaHHoM CloKeTe KeHTMOTHBH Cy\ecTByIOT Kak Ost WapatetbHo emy, Up ocaa6menHoM ciomeTe JeiTMoTMBHOCTE 2a- MeHAeT cloxteT, KOMUeHeHpyeT ero oTcyTcTEHe. Opuamentaitaad uposa we mpeycrapnaer coGoi wero-ro eymHoro, He- pacwlevenHoro — B Heii MO/KHO BECTNTS pasHHe MHUBHAyaTbHHe Ba- _ PHAHTE, CBASAHHMe C PasMMTHBIM PeleHHOM BOMpOCA O COOTHOMeHMM BHYTPN MOBeCTBOBAHUA TOMOCOB aBTopa u Lepcouaxelt. Or aToro, B YaCTHOCTH, 3aBH- CHT MH CTeMeHb MocHexoOBaTeNbHOCTH OpHAMeHTaNbHOTO Hatata H MmponsBe- nenms. TlocneqopatenbHad opHaMeHTaibHad mpo3a opHorosocua. K mopecrso- ; BaTesi0-OpHaMentarucry upmioxumet copa M. M. Baxruua, xapakrepusy- rome uoata: «losar ompegenaerca ugeeit exmHoro M eqUHCTReHHOTO A3uKa 1 €(MHOTO MOHONOTMYeCKM 3aMKHYTOTO BEICKa3HIBAHHA... Kaxqoe ci0Bo fom *KHO HeMocpeyxCTBeHHO M IIpAMO BEIpaKaTh saMAlcel WoaTa; HMKaKoit pUcTaH- Tun Mexy MO9TOM H ero cLoBoM HeT» *. TlocueyoBaTerbHad OpHaMeHTalbHaA Upo3sa — sTo «u3z0OparKalonyee CHOBOy, He OCORHEHHOe BKOVEHHAME “Kot peun. Cranosacs ocHoRoi 6ombmIMxX poMaHHELX NocTpoenuit, ona yrpaumBaer CBOIO 3AMKHYTOCTS, HACHINadch “Tyo perbloy, KOTOPad pactiaTHiBaer WA paspyMaer opHamMeHTambHOCTS Kak Cuoco6 nOcTpoeuMA XyQomecTReEHHOK perm (wanpumep, B «Benoit rsapgum Byszraxosa). 7 Mraoocnwi B. Toopun mpoau, M.—dJI., 1925, ¢. 72. Cat. 06 70m: Beau A. KyOox mereneit. M., 1908, c. 1—3. & Bazmun M. Caono » nossun 1 8 upose.— «Bompocur aureparyps», 1972, Ni 6, c. 82. 57 BaamMooTHOMeHHA OPHaMeHTaAIbHOH Uposbl ¢ MOBeCTBOBATeABHOM HOpMOK onpeyemuat mje satpyanennoit dopmaf. Xora crpemuenne K saTpyqHeHHOH Gopme saTpoHyio H CuHTaKcuc UpomsBeyeHuA, BPasUBMUCh B UpucTpacrua K pasHoobpasHEIM HHBePCUAM, CTONS XapaKTepHHIM yaa A. Benoro, a Bezen 8a HUM aA pannero JleoHoBa, u efo PUTMUYeCKYyIO Opranusalulo, A CLOBO- oOpasoBaune, Hanboree OTIeTAMBO TOIRH COMPUKOCHOBeHEA MeAKLY pPasHEMH mucatenama ofHapymmpaiotca B locodennoctax cxoBoynorpedieHus, B KO- TOPOM HeMOcpeyCTBeHHO OTpayKkaeTCH CHenMpMInOCTE BUeHHA Mupa. Oco6ennocTh opHamMeHTaIEHOM UpoOsh B TOM, YTO OHA HE CTPOMHTCA K ae- KBaTHOCTH Hs0Opaxkaemo felicTBaTenbHOcTU. Ona oTpaxaeT MUp NORObui, COOTRETCTBHH, B8AaNMENX Mepexonos ogHoro B Apyroe. Ilucarenm-opHamen- TANMCTH NOCTOAHHO «yqBanBaIM» MUP B OMCKAaX CcooTBeTCTBUA MemLY Upen- MeTaMM BHeMMHeTO MUpa, MAY BHYTPeHHMM cocTOAMMeM denoBeKa uw mpep- MEeTOM, Me#KY MUPOM UpMpoyL M AeNOBeKa HT. J. OpHamenTaibHad Uposa accomuaTHBHa Hu CHHTeTMaHa. B He HMITO He cymectByet oGoco6meHHO, Camo uo cebe, BCe CTpeMMTCA OTPasuTLCA B Apy- TOM, CIJHTBCA © HHM, DepeBOIOTHTLCH B HeFO, BCe CBAsaHO, DepenseTeHo, oObeAHHeHO NO accoNnMAnuH, HHOTAa AexaMes Ha WOBepXHOCTH, BHOTAa OLCHD Rauexow. B opnamenTanpno mpose HapymeHn uponopyuu obbeKTHBHOTO BUeHMA Mupa, BCC CIBHHYTO CO CBOHX MeCT, CMeIjeHO — 4aCTL BHTeCHAeT Weloe, HeMOLBIKHOe ws0OpaxacTcH Kak WBHyMeecA, MeHAIOTCA MecTaMa: cy6next H OObeRT LelicTBUA, HASKOe HOaTUBUPYeTCA, BHICOKOe CHKACTCA H T. I. Han6onee cynjectaeHHEt UpusHak, 00 KOTOPOMy OpHaMeHTambHan, «He- KuaccHiecKkad Tposa MPOTHBOMOCTaBAeHa MOBeCTROBATeMHOH HOpMe,— TaLoTeuHe Kk HeIpamMoMy cioBoynoTpebzenum. Ocnopa opHameHtambHOrO CHOBOYHOTPeONeHUA — CHORUAR PasBeTBAeHHAaN CucTeMAa TpouOB, B KoTOpOH MOKHO Halitu pasnooOpasHble BHEH cpaBHenui, MeTahop, MeTOHUMH, KO- Tope cocTaBialor CaMylo TKaHb MoBecTBoBaHMA. XoTA KoHeRTpaMA Tpo- HOB B OpHaMeHTatEHOH Mpose u He OuHAaKORA, B Heil CCTL CBOH HA,UBELYaIb- HEC BapHaHTH, B TOOM OHA UpeBLIMaeT KOHNEHTPANMO TPONOB B KMaccHIeC- Koli WOBeCTBOBAaTeIBHOK pew, UpuommKaACh B DTOM OTHOMCHUM K CTUXY, a HMCHHO K 1093mM Hatadta neppok Tpetu XX B. Bansocts opHamenTanbHo Upossl K CTHXOTBOpHOH pew cospaeTcA OOmEM XapakTepoM cu0Ba, KoTOpoe yTpaymBaer CROlicTBa «aIposaMTecKoToOy c1OBa — HeMOJBMWHKHOCTh, HepasOHXAMOCTh, UPAMYIO COOTHECEHHOCTL C IpeyMeTOM. Cxozo B OpHaMeHTaIBHOw pose Jerko BHXOART 3a TpaHMObl, NOCTaBeHHBIEe eMY ASHKOBOH HOpMOM. Oro BEPaKaeTcA B UpucTpacruH K pasHOTO pola MeTOHUMMAM — cBOicTBA 4acTH LepeqawTcA WeroMy, eBoiicrBa mexoro — ‘wacru, (sachimaomue crona — JI. Peticnep, mpomepsiime rowoca — B. Jlas- peHes, Upoxpormue romoca — A. Beceustit, pymaHEit ronoc — Bc. Weaxos), cBolicTBa OFHUX MpeyMeToR Mepexalorca WpPyruM moO cMexKHOCTM (HaTpymeH- abi ronoc — Cepadmmonmy; Kpacusiit or HaTyrH Tom0c, ronoca, NpoweKaH- HBC Ha THHIOH conome — JI. Peiicnep; romoc upucTaabuniii, B ayy saraa- murBaromnii — Be. Veauon), ompegenenme orpspaercn or onpeyensemoro (csipbie »xemayra pocst — A. Benmit, uepnan crpacrs ne6a — BaGeub, aHo- Oamue nanLne Gypana — Jlazpenes), cBolicTBa cyObeKTa cpaBHeHUA mepe- Halotca ero o6seKTy u Haobopor, B OWHY Web Kak paBHOUpaBHEe BKAOTA- WOTCH UpushakM pasHLIX UpeqMerow: MH Tora He cTaHeT rony6oi pexu T'epu, KOTOpadA JKT Me*Ky HUMH, Kak CBUCTAINMH, CTpeMHTeALALI, MeHUCTHIT meq (JI. Peiicnep). Cusicnopaa 3n6KocTh, HeNPoACHeHHOCTh, BOsHUAaloMan Up Takoro pofa Depenocax, BXOUT B XYWOMKECTBCHHYIO 3ayaty TeKcTa. Mexyy cioBoM mM ero OKpyKeHueM BOSHUKAT HeyCTOMIMBHe TOABWIKEHE OTHOMIeHUA: OTHOMeHUs IpuTAKeHU A — OTTaTKUBaHEA. JlerKOcTb, ¢ KoTOpow COBO BLIXOAAT 88 PAMKM, NOCTABUEHHBIe EMY H3HKKOBOM HOPMOi, UMeeT CBO oGoporHyo cropony. CraukmBalorca yBa cTpemMueHud — ¢ ogHoit cTOpoHst, crpemMseHie K CIMTHOCTH, HepacuzeHeHHOCTH, Mpo_MKTOBaHHOe OOmMel ac- COMMATHBHOCTHIO OPHAMCHTAbHOH posh, ¢ Apyroi — mpoTHBoLOMOKHOe cTpemMeHne — CTpeMieHHe K H301ANBN Ci0Ba, K erO OCTPaHeHH0, BLIeeHHIO. 58 Onno 43 YCTOBHH Co3qaHHA H OHOBpPeMeHHO UpoABAeHHA saTpy_HeHHOR opMsl — HapowTAad HECOrMacoBaHHOCTL Tpoma ¢ HeLOCpemCTBeHHLIM cyO- BCCHIM OKpyKeHHeM. JTa ocobeHHOCTS XapakTepmsyeT HeKOTOPHe TUNEL Me~ Tadop H MeTOHEMH, KOTOpsle OKagbIBaloTCA BbIeMeHALIMA Wa OKpytaioujero KOHTeKCTa O1arofapsA TOMY, ITO OH COXpaHAeT CBABH C HX UPAMEIM OKBUBA- NeNTOM, ¢ TEM UpUAaraTeNLHHIME M TaroMaMM, KOTOpEHe coveraloTca c mpA- MEM O60sHAaYeHHEM: HB-log pecnuN pepnuBo GabymKy mRanuT aso uaympyd (Beast, Cepe6pannit romy6s) — ruas; 2oxrmamyi Kouxy HaKnonua K Kann- erpary Edusmsray (Bc. Veanon, Ipernsie nerpa) — romopy; scnuxnysu Macaune. oOngou (Jlappenes, Mapuna) — rmasa; raaja Ha Hero Bce TeMu 2Ke HeeUHHwMU cAueadu (THHAHOB)— TiasaMa; 30s0moil cepn ee pasBHica (Byaraxos) — Bonoch wT. I. Yrpauupaa cpoit mposamuecknit xapakTep, CBOKO BaMKHYTOCTH, OTWCIb- HOCTS, COBO OKAagHBaeTCA BO RuACTH KOHTeKcTa. OHO 3aBUCUMo OT KoHTeKCTAa B sHAIHTéAbHO OoNDMel CreleHu, YeM B KtaccHyecKol AMTepaType, a ompe- JexeHO He TOALKO UH FACTO He CTOABKO peamuei, KOTOpy!o OGosHataeT, CKOIE- KO CBABbIO C APYTHMM COBaMH. To, 3TO weuocpencTBeRHaA 3HAYMMOCTS CNOBa OCHaGeBaeT, KOMMeHCHpy- ercH TeM, WTO Mey cioBaMM ycTaHaBIUBaTeA HeobH4aliHO TecHHe cRAgH, KOTOpse XapakTepusyWT He TONSKO HeOOMbIIMe OTHOCHTeAbHO BaMKHYTHIC KOHTeKCTH, HO H BCe UpoussegeHue B HeroM. Hanpumep, Taxne hpaabl Kax «neppoe BpemaA SuModcOepxEI KOCMAMCh Ha CBOerO Py4HOrO Me_BeAA, Upe- BpaTupmeroca B HellpucryuHoro sBepa» (Degun, Topoma m roqu), « eye OTAHYIach usyMpyqHoriasaa KoOpa sBepx» (Bc. Wnanoz, Bporenoesy 14—69), BEppanubie m3 KOHTeKcTa, KaxKyTCA, Ha WepBbiit BaraAAy, HanpaB- AeHELIMM Ha UpeyMeT, HO 9Ta MAMOsHA Hapyllaerca, Kak TOBKO OHM BIIR- CHIBAOTCA B OTHOCHTeMBHO MmupoKuit KoHTeKcT: «Barposo-cuHaA KpemocTh Oxia WoxomRa Ha craporo GessyGoro mMegBegA, CBepHYBMeroca Morpersca Ha CONHBUIKe), (IuLOCKaa, USyMpyfHOrMasat, KaK y KOGpst, rowoBa ero MoUy- nasa UMass, OTOpBaach, MOAHATACS Hay petscama». Takum o6pagom, OKashIBaeTCA, YTO COBa medeedo, KoOpa — MeTahopuyeckue obo3sHaTeHHA, ROSHHKMMe HA OCHOBe CpaBHeHu UH UHIX cHOocoboR yuo_obneHAA OAHOTO upegmeta ypyromy. _Xapaktep WawbHax cBgseh coRa OKasbIBAaeTCA UIPMHTMNMATbHO MHEIM, Hee ero OTHOMeHUA C HeNOcpeyCTReHHEIM CrOReCHEIM oKpyxeHueMm. Oc- TpakeHHoe, H30IMPoRAHHOe B Y3KOM KOHTeKCTe, OHO B TO 7Ke BPeMA CBABAHO CO CBOMMH CoorReTcTRMAMM M Moyobuama. Dror ABOHO afpexT — ocTpa- HeHMe CIOBa B MMHMMaIbHOM KOHTeKcTe M pacupocrpanenue ero BINAHMA Ha 6onpmme parMenTH TeKcTa— ABIeHMe, THNMGHOe AAA OpHaMeHTaThHOi mposst. Crpoenme recta mpepfuonaraer nocToaHHoe BosBpalienue, ormayKy waaay. Ecnm 8 HelitpaibHOM TopecTBoBaHuM cyOBO MO MpeMMymectBy Ha- mpabdeHo Ha MpesMeT M CaMO/OCTATOTHO, TO B OPHaMeHTATbHOM pose ero OTHOMIEHHA C [PYTHMH CIOBAMM He Menee BAKE, TEM Cro OTHOMeHMA C pearb- yoctbio. Ipminan «sosspalennay aeKNT B OCHOBe CaMBIX PasHbIX TUIOB CHOBeCHEX MocTpoennit, M 3TO CyMecTBeHHee BCerO — B OCHOBE AeiTMOTHBA. Cnenuduseckuit xapakTep CiOBa B «HeKTaCcHyeCKOiy OpHaMeHTanbHon Hpose onpeyemAer CHOCOOB OTTAIKMBAHMA OT MOBeCTROBATeETBHO HOpMEL, XapakTepabe THUMB CBABEH MeXY CHOBAMH, Up2TUOTeHHe OFHAX ASHIKOBBIX | cpencta ppyrmm. OTHomenHa Mey anTepaTypHMIM ASHKOM, KOTOpDIit He- | _BPHMO UpycyTcrsyeT Kak HeoOXomUME oH, BHe KOTOpPOTO He MorKeT ovy- | DIECTBHTECA DpPeKT HeOKNAAHHOCTH H HOBMZHEI cIOBOyHoTpebienuA, Hw Op- HaMeHTaIbHOH Upos0i onpemeneHt TBYMA OOCTOATeIBCTBAMH: BO-LepBEIX, Solee HIM MeHee MOCHeMOBATeNDHLIM CTPeMIeHHeM K PaspymennO obnaHO CoveTaeMOCTH, BO-BTOPHX, AKTHBUBANHeH CHOBECHHIX CBAZEH M BOSMO;KHOCTeH auTepaTypHoro = ABEIKA. AlsuK He TOABKO oH, Ha KOTOPOM BOCHPHHUMAWTCA HeOOLIIABe CoueTa- BHA, HO H Oasa, Ha OCHOBe KoTOpoi onM BOsHHRaIOT. OcTaioniuiica 3a TeEKCTOM 59 ASHIK TEM He MeHee KOCBCHHO YUaCTByeT B HEM, TaK Kak HeOOHUHbIe COVeTAHEA DPOCKTHPYACh Ha ABLIK, BHHIBAIOT aCCOMMAIMN CO CBOUM ABKIKOBLIM po- rorunom. Hampapsenve, B KOTOpoM BACT MpecSpasoBanne OGETGHEIX codeTa- uuii, HW pesyaETaTit sTOTO UpeoGpasoRanuA saBUcAT, ¢ OMHOM cTOpoHEt, oT BOsMOmHOCTeH CaMOTO A3LIKOBOTO MaTepHasa, ¢ Apyroit — or 3akoHoOMep- HocTei OObe_MHeHHA cTOB, XAPaKTepHHX WTA OPHaMeHTatbHOi uposs. Toz- MMEAACh OCOGeHHOCTAM BIJ[eHHA MMpa, BAaNCYaATICHAEIM B OpHAaMeHTaIbHOIt pose, Bce Npec6pasoBanua OcTalOTCA B OMpeyeNeHHOM Kpyry, CKONB Ont OHM um OLIIH yfalen or ucxogHOi TOUR. Ecam anamenutoe ey Kpyyensix crasano ¢ imme yoroBHO u mpons- BOABHO, COBO B OPHAMeHTAIbHOH Mpose CBABAHO CO CHOBOM «paKTHYeCKOrOy slabika pasHoo6pasHiiMa acconmaTnprbima HuTaMu. Jima WHcaTexA-opHaMen- Taqucta CiOBO CyDlecTByéT BO Beit COBOKYNHOCTH CBOMX aHateHMit mM cioOBeC- HBIX cBaselt, OrpanwueHua B CodeTaeMOCTH caoOB, XapakTepHBle fA AnTepa- TYpHOTO ABbIKA, B OPHaMeHTAILHOl Upose yTPayMBaloT CROW *KECTKOCTE W oOssarerpnocts. Hovsua Hatarza Beka, B CBOIO OFepemb, MMpOKO uCHOAbsyeT ABUKOBME MPOTOTHUH, OTTATKMBAACh OT HEX M HX Mpeobpasoniipad *. Ito Powaet TOUKH COMPUKOCHOBeHUA MexAY cOBOYHOTpeOTeHHeM B NOVBHA BD B mpose. Hexoropsie ny1H 1 cmoco6n npeo6pasonadiA ASHKOBHIX CoveTaHHit B OpHa- MeHTaIsHOl 1pose MO*HO TOKasaTb Ha UpuMepe coueranuii, B KOTOpHIe BXO- HAT oMMTeTE ocmprii, KosUUI, peaKuil, NDoHsuMeavnui. Cyqb6a 9TUX COTe- TaHHH YaeT BO3MO/KHOCTL LWOKasaTh M COOTHOMeHHe CTOBOyNoTpebeHnA B Mpose H B DossHu, mM COOTHOMeHMe pasHHIx rpyum o6pason, BEIpactaomAx Ha WX ocHoRe, ¢ Upepitecrsyionjei suteparypRoit tpayunueit. Odman TeuyeHIMA OpHaMcHTatbHO Uposbl — crpemieHne mpeycraBnTL upeyMeT pew yepes spuTerbunli o6pas — BbIpakaeTCA B OBeLICCTBICHHH, MaTepuatusaqun ns06paxaemoro, pacupoctpananch m Ha BelecTReHHOe 1 Ba Hepemectsennoe. Tpou crpontca tak, 4ToOb Upy_aT BeukecTBeHHOCTL adcTpakTHOMy U ee GoubMe WOLYePKHYTS BeIMeCTREHHOCTL KOHKpeTHOTO. Poxs AsHKOBEIX MPOTOTHNOB UpH oTOM pasTudHa. Ecam conocranaenne ochopano Ha BHEMHeM cxoRCTBe UpeAMeTOR, IpusHaK, Texanit B ero OCHOBe, acTO sakpenAeH B ABLIKe, TAK YO OOpas, HeMOCpen- CTBCHHO He ONNpalou{Miica Wa ABLIKOBOe coTeTaHue, B GoMbMeit HIN MeHbMeit Mepe cootHecen ¢ Ham. Bosee Toro, xapakrep cOnwxKaesmix UpeyMeToR axK- WenTHpyet MMCHHO 9TOT CMBICMOBOH UpuaHaK. Yuoyo6xenve TpaBkl OCTPHM H KOMIOMIUM UpeAMeTaM OCHOBaHO Ha 3pH- TeNbHOM CXOACTBC KOHKPeTHHX UpegMerow: Tpapi-Kouba (JI. Peiicuep), pkanbie crpesn (IIgapunn), cp.: Ha cyxne cre6au, yantosatie, Kak Ha Kouba ocrpe, nany (Beat); nespun tpasit (B. Kopsuaos). B To xe spema yuo- no6seHue MMeHHO oTOMY PAY UpesMeToR ob:axaeT U MOAIepKuBaeT B TPoMAax CMEICAOBOH UpUsHAK ocmpwli, KoaKuii, KOTOPHit BHYTPeHHe UpucyM w UpA- MOMY O603HAaNCHHIO UpeyMeTa HM ero HHOCKasaTeAbHOH samene. COumKeHHe OCHOBAHO Ha peatbHO CyMeCTBYWOMMX CBABAX. Ecau yaa metadopmieckoro upeo6pasonanna KONKpeTHOTO peasbHoe CXONCTBO COTMKAeMEIX IpeAMeTOB He MeHce, a MOMKeET OLITh H Oomee BarKHO, YemM oOpa Ha ABHKOBOH UPOTOTHL, TO UpH OOpasHoM ocmEICAenuM aOcTpakT- HOTO CaMOpagBUTHe ABMKOBOrO pasa UMeeT HecpanHeHHO Gombloe sHayeHue. C oro TOUKM BpeHHA UNTepeceH NyTL upecdpasoBanuAa OOosHayeHHit cBe- Ta, B KOTOpbe BXOTUT H KOHKPeTHoe (yy) H abcrpaxTHoe (cpeT, uCTOUHHK eneta). OTa rpynna C1OB faer H B W0IsHH HM B Upose HanOotee OOmMpHEI pay TPONOB, OCHOBHAA YaCTb KOTOpHX cBABAHA C yOFOGNeHMeM Aya OCTPHM H KOMOMHM UpeyMeTaM: ed — NO BeTepaM BCUEIXHBAIM BaPHUI, COBO ® Cx. Mupayncnui BAM, Woosna Anexcanmpa Baoxa (B xn.: Kupsyncrwi B. Bonpocsr seopuu sureparypy. JI., 1928, c. 217—254). Bzecs exonneliman metadopnueckan cuctema Baoxa oOscusotes wepes cooTHOMenNe ¢ OOMMBNME ASMKODEIME COSTABUAMI H CTepUnE Mucs Metaopasm. 60 sao6saqHOKpacHile mew (Beast, Bosspat), caeronoi mea (Beast, Ky6ox metesei), Bocxoy wayaica B Kpacrstx meyax (Ilpumenn, Cepane aumnt), cp. moqo6en aya meay (BaabMont), Kak Mey pasamuit — Ouecrammit aya (Conory6), ]anuusrit 1y4, Kak ocrpHit Mey, Cepane cperom uponnsan (bs0K), sHOuHEt Mea ay4a (Bprocos); xonee — Bockorsie konpa (Beast, HKydor MetTeseil), OrHM ABYX CaIbHBIX cBevel, ocTpHe, TOwHO Konba (l'oppKuit, Hlercrso), cp. Bousaiire ps ne60, ponapn, Jlyrei orrovennse Kona; Jlydennie Kolbas UpeysakaTune Usopsasu rpyyb cBoum ornem (Bexsiit), Bepyr aatapeiit us azekrpuiectsa, Bonsnpmux Kouba B Hebocsog (Bpiocos), CHopa Kpacusre xouba sakara IIporanyau Ko mye ocrpue (Baoxk); u21 — conmye eit Baop upousmio nraamm (Beamit, Ky6ox mereueit), cp. Or ays 1yam mporarupa- wrca, K cepayy uraama upurparupatorca (Bprcos), Inamure, yawaunx orneit Ha ckonssKux usuTax ura cpera (Beusiit); 6ysaena: cper... Kak Kpacuaa 6yiaBka, Topyal cpeyu yepHoit Houn (KyupuH), cp. MepraloT 3Re3q 6yrapKu s3on0Tse (Maufembmram); seseue — OrpoMHBIe esBuA Jy4eRbIe (Bemsit, Kornx Jleraes), cp. B qymtubtit mpax Mecan 6pocua aesnne (Axma- ToBa); KuHseaa — UOYTpy Ty4 connewE GygeT — KaK KuHa (Bpiocos); KAUHOK — COAHWe B Upopesb Au paswio BKpyr KiMHKOM IInsappo (Bpwo- cop); wnaza: Ilporanyr touKuit, apKuit ayy, Kak mmara ocrpo-ornenas (M. Kyamuu); panupa — coanye Bu6pocuno con pauups (Inapnax, Dosstit Ton); Hom — rycroe canimer uaamaA, Homama BHpHBanch m3 Golan (Bar- puyKnii); wmox — BOHBHANC B CHEKHMe TpyAM ropwyero CoNnNAa WTHKN; (M. Ilapes); cexupa — cexupa sapn (MaaxoncKnit). Iror pag Momer pasBi- BaTbCA HM WalbMe, Halpumep, B Gomee WoaqHee BpeMA BCTPeaeTCA CpaBHenTe ayia C JOMOM: JoMoM Zy4 yfapna B okwa (M. 3euKesu4). OTH TPOUL, B UsBECTHOM CTeleHH OCHOBAHHEIe Ha BPHTeEMbHOM CxOjCTBE cOnmKaeMBIx pearnii, uMeIoT M ABIKOBHt UpoToTHN — peskuti, ocmpoul, nponsumervueii ceem. Ux MooxHO OOLACHHTL H Kak pasBuTHe ycroiraupoit mosTHIecKol MeTaopH cmpeda coanya, KOTOpaH ucHONbayeTcA MB AMTe- PaType sTOTO BPeMeHU, B CBOIO OVepeA MoOABepranch pasHHM UpeoGpasoza- HAM: TOHKHH Por TYHBI Kyat cBou cTperb B YepHOi Boge Terepena (Ba- 6euh), yTpo Tpayom ropaaHx crpex B Hux (A. Becenwtii), ctpena coanna BOHsHMa B0N0TCe ocTpue B MATKyIO nb (JI. Peitcuep). Tlogo6ustit 2Ke pag maeT coveTanue cmperd MoanuU: Kak B TPyUEI, B wKeT- THe MOS, BOH3ACT MOMHMA KOMbC, KHWKAaT UM Mey, CTpely HM HOM, KINHOK (A. Mapnenrog), Mounniinan comma (Beanit), momauu xunman (B. Kapun- aos), Kimnkn Momumu (B. Caanos), cp. Mey Monunit (B. Benequxros). Ecau paccmorpesuste yuoqo62eHma ocHoBHBaloTca, ¢ opHoit cropoust, Ha SPHTeEbHOM CXOACTBE CONOCTABIACMBIX PeasMi, C APyrow, — onmpawoTca wa ABHKOBHIE UPOTOTHUB!, TO APYTHe CpyUUEI COB, CoVeTAIMMXCA C MeTapopu- YeECKUMH ONNTeTAMM ocmpuil, npoKsumeavHel, pesKuil, ye He UMeIOT OTOpET B peawbHOM CxojcTBe COAMMKaeMoro, UpeobpasoBaHMe HX OCHOBAHO Ha pasBu- THu AsbIKOBOrO paya. Merahopwuecknit amutet, sakmiotammi B cede upH- BHaK, Ha OCHOBe KOTOPOTO MOET BOSHHKHYTH COumAeHMe, BAITeCHAeTCA 060- BHaYeHHeEM KOHKPeTHOTO MpeAMeTa, KOTOPOe ComepARAT aTOT CMBICHOBOM MpK- sHak. Crepmmiica smureT nm Bce coveTaHHe B TesoM sameHAeT cepun o60- sHaveHuit Tex +e OCTPHIX HM KONIOMHX MpesMeToR, o6o3HaTeHMA KOTOPHIX c Sonpmeit nam MeHbmeit nocnexoRaTexbHOCTHIO pacnpocTpanAoTcA Ha Cy- M€CTBATCIBHBIG PasHbIX TeMaTHYeCKUX rpyun. Onupasch Ha CMBICTOBOM IpusHak cTeplreroca coweranuA, HOBBI Opas HE TOMDKO OMKMBAAeT TO, ITO B HeM 3ao*KeHO, HO ycuuBaer ero 3HAYeHHe M TuNepSomUsHpyeT UCXOTHBIt cMbICOBOH upusHak. II[pu atom mpoucxoguT paspylienue cmpicuoBoit ctpyK- TYPsI KOHKPeTHOTO CORA, BCE COMepxKaHHe KOTOPOTO CRO_NTCA K ONHOMY 9TOMY cMpIcHOpoMy upmanaky. OpnameutampHan uposa B »sTOM OTHOMeRMI JMUIb KOHNeHTpUpyer Te YepTH, KOTOpHe B BHO MpoOpHMA uM HHOM CoOT- HOWeCHUM C HEM BCTpeIawTCA Y aBTOPOB HM APYTuX UCTOpHYeCKMX LepHOAOB H auTepaTypHHX TeTeHDii (OSTOMY HWKE MbI UPHBOAUM HM UPUMepH TaKOTO tana — u3 JlepmonTospa, BasemcKoro u Jp.). 64 Ha ocHone covetannii: ocrpstit, Komqunit, UpOHsHTeNbEM BITAAA, OCT- phe, KOM0We, MPOHSUTeIBHEIe r1asa—BosHUKaeT pA yuoRoOneuui Tem we OCTPHM H KOMIOMIMM UpeyMeTaM, 0 KOTOPSIX yrKe IIa Pedb: cmpes — cTpeTst ee elje NPOIHEIX, HO ThMOM yHOeCHHBIX MH KaKMX-TO JeTcKax_ria3 (Bernt, Cepe6paunit rory6n), claqKo B OWN oriaqera B3O0pOM, Kak crpeta (BaoR), TiazaMM B3BWIA BELICh cTpexy (Maskosckuit), Opopa — ayK, a BarnAy no 6Oposbio — crpexst (Kysmun); sescua — OnecHyA JesBueM ma-O_ onymen- HEX BeK, Jespud raas (E. 3amaran, Jlopey sexopexos), aespue Bsopa (Be- ait), tespne ssraaga (Ilonxoxos), welt — UTI, KOMBHYB, pasGexanuch (Cepadumonny), He raaza ye, a HeCTepmuuMBe ABe uraE komo Ue (JlaBpe- Hes, Mapnna); ey — Bsop TBO — MeyaMa UpoH3awmni Bs0p; mponsH Mena Meyamu (Bok), Cp. KaK Med — ero uponsaer B3op (Jlepmontos); xuH- cas — TROK pasaiiui, TBO Bs0p, TBO KuHa (Bok); cexupa: raasa yYeroBeka — cexapa (XaeOumKon); 2e030u — o4M,— TOMHEIe TOKM Jasypa — ToUHO ocTpHe cuHHe raosyu (Beast, KyOor Mereneii), yBa rmaza, Kak seme- HbIe TBOIIU, BOTKHyINCh B XannpuKosa (Bess, Bosspat), cp. sanpacno rqa3s0M — Kak rBosyzemM, upoHuanpaio yepHosem (M. [[seraera); wuso —~— raagaMu, Kak wom, xBaTua (Bemsit, Macxu). Coueranme ocmpoe, pasnuyjee c10g0 Rael anaJOrMaHHit pay TpouoB, KOTO- phe BCTpeyalorcA B Os3aHH: wey — CuoBa Mom — Meau (Comory6), rposHerit Mey — *uBan pew (B. Kunsen), cp. Ory weTcKyi Tpyfb pacceKky # MOTOM Byoxnosesuoro cuoza sBenauyum Meyom (Der); cmpeaa — aTO crpexb HaMax orgeHHEx crpod (M. Tepacumos); zeosdu — BuguTe — rBOsqaMu COB UpH- Our x Oymare (Mankoncrnii); xunocan — KMWKaIbHBIe c0Ba (BarbMoHT); aezeue — Ho crux! Mopos uyer uo Koxe — Jlespue, Czepxanue, Yyap (B. Kopuusos); ca622 — croeo — ca6aa us Hoon (B. Kameucxnit); Cadet Haromo...— Caopo: yom (I[peraera). OTH Ke HCXOMHBe CoueTAaHHA WeKaT B OCHOBe TaKUX OGpa3z0B, Kak Opo- mur Memumeavnelti Geccmepmuex KHue (Bpwcos), moseu waugyem paunusem nsvixa (Manxoscknii), XOTH CBA3b Me*KAY UCXOMH‘IM M HOBEIM He Tak O6Ha- mena. Ha ocHone ynoxoOxenua osta u KMEDKaIa, WpoyomKaloMero epMoH- TOBCKOe, BOsHMKaeT MeTaopa KuHocat nozsuu (Bprocos). Ouopa Ha AsiIKOBO UpoTOTHM XapakTepuayer HU Co¥eTAHUA C OTBIeeR- HBIMM CYILCCTBUTCIbEBIMH, OOOsHATAIOMUME TyBCTBAa HM BHYTpeHHHe cocTos- HHA HM KavecrBa. OqHoBpeMeHHO Takue MeTapopst Kak: ocTpue 3aKiATHit (Bpwcos), ocrpue macau (Topogenkuit), Mew cxop6u (Conory6), mea orda- anua (Conory6), xessaax cmepra (Bpiocos,) measae tocka (Maxjexsuttam), KaHHOK crsyja (Bpiocos), KIMHOK Konya (Bpwcos), Mstcam *uBoi crpera (Manyenpurram), TBO ayk — TBO ym, a mICHM — crpen (B. Huazes), Meus sonotaa uraa (HM. Annencxuit), uraa socnomunanua (B. Poxzect- BeucKui), Hom uamenn (O6payoBu4), TecHO CBABaHBI © MosTHYeCKO Tpaqu- quweii, Upegcrasnaa co6olt paspuTue o6pasos, Bcrpevatomuxca y Iymxuua: KEWKAL W3MeHB XWaqHOu, sT0OHOH KeBeTH HeBUAUMEL KUHKal, U WOITOB- POMAaHTHKOR: UpespeHbA *KeHCKOTO KUHKA, KMHKaA packanuba (Jlepmon- ToB), Hom u3syBepcrBa (BasemcKui), Tonop o6mectsenHoro Muenua (Au. [pu Topses), cp. Hom pesnocru (JI. Toxcroi). B atom pagy HaxoqAT cBoe MecTO H TaKkwe COUOCTaBIeHHA Kak KIMHOK HacMelIKu, yM — Med; rony6oi 4ex0- BeK yKe OTBEPHY.ICA, UPAYA KIMHOK BHEZANHOM HACMeNIKH B MOPCKOM cuHeBE ruas (Jleonon, [lerymuxnucKmit uponom); yM ero craHOBMJICH Kak CBepKaw- Mit Mea, yray6nsommitca Bo Temy (Byarakos); cp. KamHoK uyrcrea (Ilo- oxo). He sce coveraHuA ¢ pacCMaTpHBaeMiIMa MeTapbopuueckuMM ouuTeTaMa RaloT CTOMb WocueyoBaTeNbHO pasBuBaloMueca page Tponos. Tpomst, ona- Parollecad Ha HeKOTOpHe ABHKOBKe Co¥eTAaHNA, HE OOpasytoT pANOB, ocTa- BadCh C/MBUTHBIMM: pesKMii MpOHsHTeNLHA BeTep — BeTpa YepHbe MeuH (Bens), pesknit romoc — rémoca nom (MasKonckmit), A BicoKnit azonKnit TeHOPOK BaleTeN Hay OTHEM H 30N0TOM BBICOKO 8aKuHYTOM, y3Ko, HasypHok etpenoi (Beant, Hy6ox merexeit). OpfHako mockoabKy ye cyulecrByeT yc- 62. TowWMBaA CBASH MeXKY MCXOPHKIM HM HOBKIM, MPM OUpeyeneHHHIX ycmOBMAX «ycTbe KieTKH MoryT sauomHATECA. Cp. B coRpeMeHHOM ZuTepaType: BeTep Opocaer HOM B CTeKIO MuBUCTepcTS H Mysees (A. TapKoRcKuit), Ha B1aKHOM Nessun xm6unckux Berpos uTuyni cpesaetca Kpux (H. 3n0THuxos); Busr maoM Bou3aica B yum (Monoxos), urombuaTHit nuck cunnaKu (B. Benos), TOHKEM P@KYIIMM WesEueM, BIONeCKMBAA B TeEMHOTe, MOACTyHAaN VTOT Tomoc x ropzy (B. Pacnyru). Touno Tak >Ke 3aMl0THAIOTCA IYCTHe KAeTKH MB pas- BepHYTHX PsfaxX TPOUOB; HampuMep, COBa... OCTPHe, pasAlime, MUTEEEIe (10. Touaapon), Kak mITHKoM KoseT Baraagom (B. Actadses). [laa o6o3HateHnA OfHOrO H TOTO *Ke MpeAMeTa HIM ABLEHUA HCHOABsyeTcH Wellax Copa Toon, OCHOBAaHHLIX Ha OJHOM H TOM 2Ke CMBICIOBOM IpusHaKe, HO akWeuTupytoumx ero B pasHoit crenenu. Mocmeqonarenbuoe pacummpenne PARA ORHOTHMHEIX OFpasoB CONPOBOAAAeTCA UOBTOPAEMOCTEO OTTENSEBIX Tpotog (HallpuMep, Iy4 — Mey), KoTOpas B CBO OMepens MobyxAaeT K 06- HOBLeHMH OOpasoB, K pactmpeHMlo ux paya. B vex cayyaax, Korga crepmieecA coveTanue BaMeHseTcA OOpasoM, uMe- YOWUM ¢ HUM OOm{uit CMBICHOBOI UpHaHak, CyMecTBeHHO, HACKONbKO WHpOK KPYF cio, B KOTOpHX coqepxRUTcA dTOT UpHsHaK. Uem on umpe, Tem Goabme BosMoxKHocTeH MpeoOpasoBanua OOHIHOTO coveTaHHA, KoTOpoe MomeT MATH He TONBKO To UpAMOi, Ho H 10 SoKoRO muHuM (cp., Hanpumep: py6aHoK pasyma — Jleonon). AKTHRMSNpyIOTCA H BCe CBA8H KOHKpeTHOrO cmOBa- o6paaa, KoTOpHit Brever 3a coGoH Meus CXOB, ¢ HUM OOBTIHO codeTaIOMUXcs. uockasatensuoe o6oanaxenne upuBoquT 8a cool upunaraTenbHue u ria- TOAK, ConepxXallte Te xe CMBICHOBLIC IPUBHAKN, YTO H HCXOMHOe CodeTaHHe, M NOAKpenimomme, ycuruBaloMMe UCXORHDt mpusHak. Oguorunuste O6pasH BOSHMKAlOT Ha OCHOBe UPHANMIMAIbHO pasnMYHHX cBAselt MeKIY CHOBaMM: BeMeCTBeHHOe, KOHKpeTHoe BxXOAUT B CONeTAHHA, OCHOBAHBEeC Ha pealbHOM CXONCTBe MpezMeTOB, Ha O1M3KMX CMBICTOBBIX CBA- BAX, AOCTPAKTHOe BXOAUT B COUeTAHUA, OCHOBAHUME Ha WaNbHUX cBASAX, Ha «COMpPMKEHAH WaleKOBATHX NOHATHY. OTO He 3HAUUT, ITO UpAMEIe OOosHATeHUA, BLIPAKeHHEIC, C OMHOH cTO- POUL, KOHKpeTHHMH, c Apyroi abcTpaktTHBMn CyMmeCTBUTeABUBIMU, OTBEH- HeHH Apyr or apyra. Hanporus, KonKpernoe u abcrpakTHoe cytlecTsnTerb- Hie, comeprKanme o6tmmii CMEICIOBO NpUsHAK, ZaloT He TOLKO pAR oWHO- THOEWX o6pasoB, HO H BsauMORelicrByT ypyr c Apyrom. Harpumep, cynie- CTBUTeNbULIC pasHHX rpynu — TpaBa u Bara, — NepeKpemuBalorca B cpaB- HeHHH: ocTep, Kak ocoKa, HeysoBuM Baraag (Bc. Usanos, [[serusie Berpa), B KOTOPOM CocyllecTByeT UpAMoe HM MepeHocHoe sHaYeHMe cxOBA ocmpwii. Cpapnenne He TOABKO IpOACHAeT DBYNAAHOBOCTH cTepmlerocA coBa ocmpwit, Kak oTO ObIBaeT UpH OOHOBMEHHH, OFKUBAeHUM cTepmleroca OGpasa, HO H MO- THBUpyeT HeOOBTIHEIe CBASH MeALY cloBaMM, oOMarKaer XOM accommanuH, WocTaTouHo cy6beKTUBHO u fanekoi. Cp.: oTa MBICIb TAK KpanuBHO ABBA (Conory6, SaxammatenbHmna Mei), rye Hapewme cooTBeTCTByeT CpaBHUTeNb- Homy o6opoty. TlapadsexbHo TOABKO 40 pasobpanHEM B NossuH pasBUBaeTCA PAN coue- Tauuil, B KOTOpHe BXOAUT TpasunMonunit oOpas 2xana. Cnopo, comepxamee B ce6e TOT +e CMBICHOBOH UpusHak ocmpuil, npoKsumerdtoil, coveTaeTcA B ABMLKe C O6O3HAYeHMAMM OCTPHX M KOMODINX UpesMeTOB, YTO OTpaneHo HB L093: OTpabeHHoH CTpes BOHSHAOCE mano (Conory6), rp, yanen- Hitt cTperolo (ByHME), #ad0 ero cHPHiIcKoro knHKada (ByHWH), pyka, KUA- wana wKano cTucHh (MasKoscruii). Meragopsi, B KoTOpsIe BXOAUT OGoaHayeHHe YYBCTB: CKYKM THUKOe maz0 (AnHeHcKuil), ao KieneTH, mao CMepTu, aloe mato OesHaqenuom Kpa- COTH, Hayjo MHO GeccHAbHO mao TROe, O *aocTb (Conory6), xano mryueH 6onn (Bpicos), ciopa — Kak HeHaBUCTM xKano (BaoK), Kao Tyee TOCKH (B. Aaexcanpponcknit) um 1. 0. cBA8aHB c AanTeABHO Tpanunue ynoTpeb- aenua B uoasmm XVIII—XIX zp. Pasusie pags coveTaHHit, C OMHOK CTOPOHH, coyeTaHuA, c o6osHaTeHHAME 63.

You might also like