FACULTY OF BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS

SEPTEMBER SEMESTER / YEAR 2021

BBMP1103

MATHEMATICS FOR MANAGEMENT

MATRICULATION NO :

IDENTITY CARD NO. :

TELEPHONE NO. :
E-MAIL :
LEARNING CENTRE :

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS MATRIC ID
Question 1(A) 3

Question 1 (B) 4
Question 2 (A) 7

Question 2 (B) 9
Question 3 (A) 11

Question 3 (B) 13
Question 4 (A) 15

Question 4 (B) 16

Question 4 (C) 16

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Question 1 a

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
det (0 𝑑 𝑒) = adf.
0 0 𝑓

Hence, evaluate the determinant of the following matrices:

1 0 0
i) det (0 1 0) = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1
0 0 1

1 1 9
ii) det (0 0 1) = 1 × 0 × 1 = 0
0 0 1

−1 1 −1
iii) det ( 0 2 11) = -1 × 2 × - 21 = 1
0 0 −
2
Question 1 b :

1
𝑝 0 0 0 0
−1 l𝑝
show that (0 𝑞 0)
= I0
1 0 where p, q, r ≠ 0
𝑞
0 0 𝑟 I
0
𝗁 1
𝑟

0 )

According to Question 1 a,

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
det (0 𝑑 𝑒) = adf
0 0 𝑓

𝑝 0 0
If A = (0 𝑞 0),
0 0 𝑟

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det A = | A | = pqr

Then, the element of minor A is,o

𝑝 0 0
𝑚11 = |0 𝑞 0| = qr – (0) (0) = qr
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚12 = |0 𝑞 0| = (0) (r) – (0) (0) = 0
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚13 = |0 𝑞 0| = (0)(0) − (𝑞)(0) = 0
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚21 = |0 𝑞 0| = (0) (r) – (0) (0) = 0
0 0 𝑟

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 𝑝 0 0
𝑚22 = |0 𝑞 0| = pr – (0) (0) = pr
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚23 = |0 𝑞 0| = (p) (0) – (0) (0) = 0
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚31 = |0 𝑞 0| = (0) (0) – (0) (q) = 0
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚32 = |0 𝑞 0| = (p) (0) – (0) (0) = 0
0 0 𝑟

𝑝 0 0
𝑚33 = |0 𝑞 0| = pq – (0) (0) = pq
0 0 𝑟

Hence, determine the inverse of the following matrices:

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 1
0 0
1 0 0 1
1
i) Inverse of [0 1 0] = 0 1 0
0 0 1 I 1I
[0 0 1]

1 0 0 −1 1 0 0
[0 1 0] = [
0 1 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1

1
0 0
1 0 0 1
1
ii) Inverse of [0 2 0] = 0 2 0
0 0 1 I 1I
[0 0 1]

−1
1 0 0 1 0 0
1
[0 2 = [0 0]
2
0]
0 0 1 0 0 1

1
−1 0 0 𝖥−1 0 01
1
iii) Inverse of [ 0 2 01 ] = 0 2 0
0 0
2 I I1
0 0
[ 1/2]

−1
−1 0 0
−1 01 0
[0 2 =[0 0]
2
01
0 0 ]
2 0 0 2

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Question 2a :

Let y = ax2 + bx + c be a quadratic equation with the following characteristics:

i) Its maximum point is (-1, -1)

ii) Its y-intercept is -2.

Let (x, y) = maximum point, y-intercept = c,

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
x= ,y=
2𝑎 4𝑎

When maximum point is (-1, -1) and y-intercept = -2 = c,

-2a = -b

b = 2a---------①

4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
y=
4𝑎

4𝑎(−2)−𝑏2
-1 =
4𝑎

-4a = -8a – b2

b2 = -4a----------②

Substitute ① into ②,

(2a)2 = -4a

4a2 = -4a

−4
a = 4

a = -1

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When a = -1, b = 2a

b = 2 (-1)

b = -2

Therefore, a = -1, b = -2, c = -2

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Question 2b:

Let f (x) =
1 . Find f ′(x), f ″(x), f ‴(x), (4) (x) . Deduce (n
)
(x).
f f
𝑥

According to Power Rule,

If f(x) = x n , where n is a

constant, f ′ (x) = nx n-1

1
When f (x) = ,
𝑥

f (x) = 1 x -1

f ′ (x) = (-1) (1) (x) -1-1

= - 1 x -2
1
f ′ (x) = -
𝑥2

f ″ (x) = f 2 (x) = -2 (-1) (x) -2-1

f ″ (x) = f 2 (x) = 2x-3

f ‴ (x) = f 3 (x) = (-3) (2) (x)-3-1

f ‴ (x) = f 3 (x) = -6 x-4

f ‴ (x) = - 6

𝑥4

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f 4 (x) = (-4) (-6) x -4-1

= 24x -5
24
f 4 (x) =
𝑥5

f (n) (x) = nx

1
- 𝑥2 , 2 , - 6
24
𝑥3 𝑥4 , 𝑥5

Deduce f (n) (x)

(−1)𝑛 𝑛 !
f (n) (x) = 𝑝 ⁿ⁺ⁱ

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Question 3a:

3𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 11
(𝑥−1) (𝑥−2) (𝑥−3) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
≡ 𝑥−1 + 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−3
3𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 11
(𝑥−1) (𝑥−2) (𝑥−3) 𝐴 (𝑥−2) (𝑥−3) + 𝐵 (𝑥−1)(𝑥−3) + 𝐶 (𝑥−1) (𝑥−2)
≡ (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 3)

Therefore,

3x2 – 12x + 11 = A (x2 - 5x +6) + B (x2 – 4x + 3) + C (x2 – 3x + 2)

3x2 – 12x + 11 = Ax2 – 5Ax + 6A + Bx2 – 4Bx + 3B + Cx2 – 3Cx + 2C

3x2 – 12x + 11 = Ax2 + Bx2 + Cx2 – 5Ax – 4Bx – 3Cx + 6A + 3B + 2C

3x2 – 12x + 11 = x2 (A + B + C) – x (5A + 4B + 3C) + 6A + 3B + 2C

Compare the coefficient,

A+B+C=3

A = 3 – B – C---------①

5A + 4B + 3C = 12---------②

Substitute ① into ②,

5 (3 – B – C) + 4B + 3C = 12

15 – 5B – 5C + 4B + 3C = 12

-5B + 4B – 5C + 3C = 12 – 15

-B – 2C = -3

3 – 2C = B---------③

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Substitute ③ into ①,

A = 3 – (3 – 2C) – C

A = 3 – 3 + 2C – C

A = C---------④

6A + 3B + 2C = 11---------⑤

Substitute ③ and ④ into ⑤,

6C + 3 (3 – 2C) + 2C = 11

6C + 9 – 6C + 2C = 11

2C = 11 – 9

2C = 2

C=1

A=C=1

According to ③, B = 3 – 2C

B = 3 – 2 (1)

B=1

Therefore, A = 1, B = 1, C = 1

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Question 3b:
− 2𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
≡ +
(𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1) (𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1)

− 2𝑥
≡ 𝐴 (𝑥2+1) + (𝐵𝑥+𝐶) (𝑥+1)
(𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1)
(𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1)

Therefore,

-2x = A (x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x+1)

To eliminate B and C, take x = -1,

-2 (-1) = A [ (-1)2 + 1 ]

2 = A (2)

A=1

To eliminate B, take x = 0,

-2 (0) = A (0 + 1) + C (0 + 1)

0=A+C

When A = 1,

0=A+C

C=-A

C = -1

If x = 1, and A = 1, C = -1,

-2x = A (x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x+1)

A [ (12) + 1 ] + [ (B) (1) + C ] (1 + 1) = -2 (1)

2A + 2 (B + C) = -2

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 2 + 2B + 2C = -2

2B = -2 - 2 – 2 (-1)

2B = -4 + 2

B = -1

− 2𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
≡ +
(𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1) (𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1)

− 2𝑥
= (−1)𝑥 +(−1)
(𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1) 1
(𝑥+1) + (𝑥2+1)

− 2𝑥 1 𝑥+1
(𝑥+1) (𝑥 2 +1) = (𝑥+1) ̶ (𝑥 2 +1)

𝑥4 + 𝑥3+ 𝑥2 −𝑥
𝑥4 + 𝑥3+ 𝑥2− 𝑥
(𝑥+1)(𝑥2+1) = 𝑥3+ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1

x
𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑥4 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥

𝑥4 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + x

-2x

𝑥4 + 𝑥3+ 𝑥2 −𝑥 2𝑥
=x-
(𝑥+1)(𝑥2+1) (𝑥+1) (𝑥2+1)

𝑥4 + 𝑥3+ 𝑥2 −𝑥 1 𝑥+1
(𝑥+1)(𝑥2+1) =x+ -
(𝑥+1)(𝑥2+ 1)

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Question 4 (a)

A manufacturer can sell a product at RM 110 per unit. Total cost consists of a

fixed overhead of RM 7000 plus production costs of RM 60 per unit.

a) How many units must be sold in order to break even?

TR = unit price ×total quantity sold (q)

TC = Fixed costs + variable costs

Break-even point : Total Revenue (TR) = Total Cost

(TC) TR = TC

110q = 7000 + 60q

110q – 60q = 7000

50q = 7000

q = 140

Therefore, 140 units must be sold in order to break even.

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 b) What is the manufacturer’s profit or loss of 100 units are sold?

Total Revenue = 100 × RM 110 = RM 11000

Total Cost = 100 × RM60 + RM 7000 = RM 13000

RM 11000 < RM 13000

TR < TC

The business is running at the loss.

TR – TC = RM (11000 – 13000) = - RM2000

Therefore, the manufacturer’s loss is RM2000.

c) How many units must be sold in order to obtain a profit of RM 1250?

Profit = TR – TC

1250 = 110q – (60q + 7000)

1250 = 110q – 60q - 7000

50q = 7000 + 1250

8250
q = 50

q = 165

Therefore, 165 units must be sold in order to obtain a profit of RM 1250.

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