Prepositions

In this
chapter,

the
learn:

grammatical
functions of prepositions

and complex
prepositions
and
6
compound purpose
about simple, direction,
cause,

prepositions of place, time,

about
source

sentences:
these
Look at
over the wall.
The boy jumped
are in the class. the Grammar Point
The children relation between
tells us the
the word over
the word
In the first
sentence,
sentence,
In the second Prepositions belong
and the n o u n wall.
verb jumped children and class. to the 'closed
the nouns
the relation between
in tells us category of words.
and in are prepositions.
The words over
which is in a closed category
before a noun or a pronoun
comes the member words
A preposition usually relation of its object to other
preposition tells us the are more or less fixedd
its object. The
and new additionss
words in the
sentence.
when
at the end of the
sentence are rare. Pronouns,
comes
Sometimes the preposition conjunctions and
or an interrogative pronoun.
is relative pronoun
the object a d e t e m i n e r s are

Here is the book that you were lookingfor. other closed classes.

What are you looking at? Nouns, verbs,

adjectives and
adverbs are open
Kinds of Prepositions classes.
There are various kinds of prepositions:

simple prepositions
compound prepositions
complex or phrase prepositions

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 Ver 2.0D
PREPOSITIONS
Simple Prepositions
PREPOSITIONS
Words like in, on, at, by, from, about, over, under, through, till, up,
of. of. for, to, etc. are
simple prepositions.
5. Payal participated in the nature walk
all her classmates.
6. The children had their
They came from Kolkata. picnic the old tree in the park.
7. It is
There is some juice in the can. raining. Do not step out an umbrella.
He fell off the chair 8. Children today spend a lot
KO)
of their time the television.
Compound Prepositions
Compound prepositions are words formed by combining
prepositions, nouns, adverbs, etc. Some examples of compound Prepositions of Place
prepositions are into, across, without, within, inside, outside, onto, Prepositions express several relations. Prepositions of
where. Some prepositions ot place are above, below, place
tell us
beneath, below, behind, between, etc.
under, over,
Put the bread into the bread bin. beside, down, near, in front of, around, etc.
The fruit hung above my head, but I could not reach it.
S
At the movie hall, I sat between
Kavya and Varun.
She ran across the street to catch the bus. There is a new car in front of the house.
The man walked down the road.
Complex or Phrase Prepositions At, in and used
on are as
prepositions of place.
Some prepositions are made
up of a group of words that do the Someone is at the door.
work of a single preposition. These are called I live in Mumbai.
complex or phrase
prepositions. Some examples are in front of, because of, with The painting is on the wall.
reference to, in spite of, in addition to, according to, along with, away
from, by means of, in place of, etc. Use
examples
There is a car a tthe door
in front of the house. for a
specihc point
a tthe corner
Rita succeeded because
of her hard work. at
before a particular address or live at 22, Arya Nagar.
In spite
of the cold,the children
played outside in the garden.
before the name ofa place Let's meet at the coffee
shop.
Use
Fill in the blanks with examples
simple, compound or complex prepositions from The books are
in the bag.
the box.
to refer to an enclosed space, or e assembly takes place in
in addition to in
on behalf of the central hall.
along with a
larger area like a town ora city
in front of
under along We lived in Chennai
for ten
outside without years.
1. The man
walked the road. Note that we
say:
2. Put the
garbage in the can the door. The cupboard is kept in the
of the room.
.
corner
He
bought small bottle
a
of ink but
the two big ones.
4. The school captain Our house is at the corner of the street.
welcomed the
students of the school. guests the
principal, staff and A room is an enclosed space, but a street is not.
36 7
 PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS
examples
Use wrote my name on the
cover. Prepositionsof Time
for a surtace; three
roads
There are ghts onthe Several prepositions are used to talk of time. These are on, in, at,
names of
the
before ceiling. till, during, after, before, etc.
on and streets
We live on M.G. Road.
Please wait till 3 oclock.
He arrived before midnight.
example
Use My turn comes after yours.
only two
Kriti sat between her two
when there are
Let's look at the use of in, on and at as prepositions of time.
best friends
between
persons or things
We reached home at 2.00 p.m.
example I was born in July.
Use

are more
Share the chocolates equally Harsh has to go to Patiala on 21 April.
when there
than two persons or things among your cousins.
among Use examples
example Let's meet at 2.oo p.m.
use
The party got over at
to mean 'by the side of
"
I s a t beside my
held her hand.
mother and at
to talk of a specific point
midnight.
beside of time
At the end of the meeting,
everyone went home happy
Use examples
Who besides Mira could have
to mean 'except' or done this? use examples
besides in addition to' Besides Tara, Ravi and Bina Can you meet me in
were at the show. 15 minutes?
to talk of a period of time. This
It becomes very hot in
could include a few minutes or
in summer.
hours, a week, a month, a year
We shifted to Nasik in 1995.
or a longer period.
A lot of new discoveries were
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions of place. made in the last century.

1. Jaya is waiting for you What do you have . Use examples

the mall. that box?
Everyone wears new clothes
2 When will you arrive 8. Many people stood on Diwali day.
theoftice? the roofs of houses to watch the to talk of a particular day They got engaged on
3. My desk is match. on
or date February 5
the 9 The sign.
window.
said 'SALE
theshop Can you meet me on

4Do you work Sunday?

school? 10. The shop is the end
5. of the street. Use examples
Who lives in the
hut 11. I have to talk of a a Naresh and Smita have been
the bungalow? a
meeting period starting
New York. from a point of time, and living in Bhopal since 2007.
0. all his since
is the tallest.
friends, Hari 12. We live
USually comes aftera verb in a Harsh has given up painting9
.
the corner of the perfect tense since June this year.
M.G. Road and Bank
Street.
39
 PREPOSITiONS
Use examples
The summer
holidays will Let's walk towards the river
begin from May 20. Karim looked through the glass at the toys in the shop
time (not used The
for a point of
tense)
guarantee will be valid Leena looked at her mother for permission.
with verbs in t h e pertect from the day you buy this
from
phone. Use examples
We went to the market.
To denotes a fixed
Use examples to
destination.
went to school on Sunday.
Naresh and Smita have
in Bhopal for four lived The children jumpedinto the
to refer t o
o r speak
about a
years into suggests
movement from

pool.
period of time Tripti was on leave for five into outside to an enclosed space
for
days. school and
Towards d e n o t e s m o v e m e n t
W a l k towards the
will meet you on t h e way.
and is indeinite.
towards

examples
use
prepositions of time. The children jumped upon
with suitable
Fill in the blanks their father when he
came
Upon denotes 'towards'
has been working
in his field, morning upon home.
1. Thefarmer
to Kolkata Friday.
2. Meeta will ome .

away from.
The fat man fell off his chair.
five hours. Off means

3. They have been studying off

Monday 10 p.m.
4. The meeting will be held_
last night.
5. Kriti has been ill with fever .

or Source
Purpose
6. The party will start
7.30 p.m. and may go on
midnight. Prepositions of Cause,
cause or
the India Gate morning night. how it is used, a preposition
can suggest
7. The protesters stood at
Depending on

of such prepositions are for, of, with, by,

8. Well have dinner at a restaurant, Wednesday. purpose.
Some examples
9. I can come to your house only . school. from, etc.
This is just the place for a picnic.
10. Nobody willbe allowed to leave the examination hall the exam.
He suffered from fever for five days.
The girl cried with fear.

Use
examples
Prepositions of Direction The thief was beaten by the
Prepositions of movement or direction denote 'where. Some By is used in the passive to residents with sticks.

by talk of the doer of a n action. The walls were drilled by the

prepositions of movement are to, at, towards, through, into, over, With denotes who/what the electrician with an electric
under, up, down, etc. with
action is.
agent of an
drill.
The boys climbed over the orchard wall to pluck fruit.
Raghu walked under the bridge.

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