Answers to exam-style questions

Chapter 1 437.0 mol of Mn3O4 will react with 437.0 × 8/3,

i.e. 1165 mol. The number of moles of Al is
1 C greater than this, so Al is present in excess and
2 B Mn3O4 is the limiting reactant.
Mn3O4 must be used in all calculations. 3 mol
3 D Mn3O4 produces 9 mol Mn. Therefore 437.0 mol
4 A of Mn3O4 will produce 437.0 × 3, i.e. 1311, mol
of Mn.
5 B
molar mass of Mn = 54.94 g mol−1
6 B mass of of Mn = 1311 × 54.94, i.e. 72 030 g,
7 C i.e. 72.03 kg.
b 3Mn3O4 + 8Al → 4Al2O3 + 9Mn
8 A
200.0 kg of Mn is 200 000, i.e. 3640 mol.
54.94
9 B This number of moles is produced from 3640 ,
3
10 D i.e. 1213, mol Mn3O4. The mass of 1213 mol
Mn3O4 is 1213 × 228.82 = 277 661 g, i.e.
224
11 volume of ammonia in dm3 = = 0.224 dm3 277.7 kg. To convert to tonnes, we divide by
1000
1000: 0.277 7 tonnes.
volume 0.224 Therefore, the percentage Mn3O4 in the ore
no. moles of ammonia = =
molar volume 22.4 = 0.277 7 × 100, i.e 22.6%.
= 0.010 0 mol 1.23
13 a A hydrocarbon contains carbon and hydrogen
From the equation, 2 moles of NH3 produce
only. The percentage hydrogen in the
1 mole of N2.
hydrocarbon is 100 − 88.8, i.e. 11.2%.
0.0100 mol NH3 → 0.005 00 mol N2
C H
0.005 00 mol of N2 has a volume of 0.005 00 × 22.4,
88.8 11.2
i.e. 0.112 dm3. This is 0.112 × 1000 = 112 cm3,
88.8 11.2
which is the theoretical yield of N2. divide by Ar
12.01 1.01
84 moles 7.39 11.09
percentage yield = × 100 = 75.0%
112 7.39 11.09
divide by smallest
Alternative method: NH3 and N2 are both gases, 7.39 7.39
and so we do not have to convert to moles. From ratio 1 1.5
the equation, 2 moles of NH3 react to give 1 mole Multiplying by 2 to get whole numbers, we get
of N2. Therefore 2 volumes of NH3 react to give C2H3, which is the empirical formula.
1 volume of N2, so 224 cm3 of NH3 react to give b To do this, we have to work out the relative
224 , i.e. 112 cm3 of N . This is the theoretical yield molecular mass of the hydrocarbon.
2 2
of N2. Use PV = nRT to calculate the number of moles.
The rest of the method is the same as above. Convert volume in cm3 to volume in m3:
98.9
12 a As the masses of the two substances are given, = 9.89 × 10−5 m3
(1 × 106)
we must check to see if one of the substances is P = 1.00 × 105 Pa V = 9.89 × 10−5 m3 n = ?
limiting. −1
R = 8.31 J K mol −1
T = 320 K
molar mass of Mn3O4 = 228.82 g mol−1 PV
100 000 n=
no. moles of Mn3O4 = = 437.0 mol RT
228.82 1.00 × 105 × 9.89 × 10−5
molar mass of Al = 26.98 g mol−1 n=
8.31 × 320
100 000 n = 3.72 × 10−3 mol
no. moles of Al = = 3706 mol
26.98

CHEMISTRY FOR THE IB DIPLOMA © CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2011 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS 1 1
 mass 0.201 molar mass of I2 = 253.80 g mol−1
relative molecular mass = =
no. moles 3.72 × 10−3
mass of I2 = 1.25 × 10−3 × 253.80, i.e. 0.317 g
= 54.0
The empirical formula mass 16 a molar mass of PbI2 = 460.99
= (2 × 12.01) + (3 × 1.01) = 27.05: 0.1270
moles of PbI2 = = 2.755 × 10−4 mol
54.0 460.99
=2 b Pb(NO3)2(aq) + MI2(aq) → PbI2(s) + M(NO3)2(aq)
27.05
Therefore the molecular formula is (C2H3)2, i.e. c From the chemical equation we can deduce that
C4H6. the number of moles of MI2 is the same as the
number of moles of PbI2. Therefore the number
258
14 a volume of CO2 in m3 = of moles of MI2 is 2.755 × 10−4 mol.
1 000 000
d We know the mass of 2.755 × 10−4 mol of MI2 is
= 2.58 × 10−4 m3
P = 1.10 × 105 Pa V = 2.58 × 10−4 m3 n = ? 0.0810 g. The molar mass of MI2 is 0.0810 −4 ,
2.755 × 10
−1
R = 8.31 J K mol −1
T = 300 K i.e. 294.0 g mol−1. Some of this mass is due to
PV the 2 I− ions in the formula – these contribute
n= 2 × 126.90 to the mass, i.e. 253.8. The relative
RT
1.10 × 105 × 2.58 × 10−4 atomic mass of M is 294.0 − 253.8 = 40.22. We
n= know that this is a group 2 element, so from the
8.31 × 300
= 0.0114 mol periodic table we can see that it must be calcium.
b The number of moles of CaCO3 that must react 17 a molar mass of BaSO4 = 233.40 g mol−1
to produce this number of moles of CO2 is 3.739 × 10−2
worked out from the chemical equations: no. moles of BaSO4 formed =
233.40
no. moles of CaCO3 = 0.0114 mol −4
= 1.602 × 10 mol
molar mass of CaCO3 = 100.09 g mol−1 b CuSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq)
mass of CaCO3 = 0.011 4 × 100.09 = 1.14 g c From the chemical equation we can deduce that
percentage CaCO3 in the limestone = 1.14
1.20 × 100 the number of moles of CuSO4 is the same as
= 95.0% the number of moles of BaSO4. Therefore the
15 a In this question the number of moles of number of moles of CuSO4 is 1.602 × 10−4 mol.
copper(II) nitrate is equivalent to the number d Only 10 cm3 of the original solution (100 cm3)
of moles of Cu2+ and the number of moles of was used in the reaction, so the number of moles
potassium iodide is equivalent to the number of of CuSO4 that were dissolved in water was
moles of iodide. 10 × 1.602 × 10−4 mol, i.e. 1.602 × 10−3 mol.
25.0 e 0.4000 g of hydrated copper sulfate
no. moles of copper(II) nitrate = × 0.100 (CuSO4.xH2O) contains 1.602 × 10−3 mol
1000
= 2.50 × 10−3 mol of CuSO4. The molar mass of CuSO4 is
no. moles of potassium iodide 159.61 g mol−1. The mass of CuSO4 present in
15.0 the sample is 1.602 × 10−3 × 159.61, i.e. 0.2557 g
= × 0.500 = 7.50 × 10−3 mol of CuSO4. The rest of the hydrated copper sulfate
1000
From the ionic equation we can deduce that is water. Therefore the mass of water present in
2 moles of Cu(NO3)2 will react with 4 moles of the sample is 0.4000 − 0.2557, i.e. 0.1443 g.
KI. Therefore 2.50 × 10−3 mol of Cu(NO3)2 will 0.1443
no. moles of water = = 8.008 × 10−3 mol
react with 2 × 2.50 × 10−3, i.e. 5.00 × 10−3 mol 18.02
moles of KI. The number of moles of potassium ratio of no. moles of water to no. moles of CuSO4
iodide present is greater than this, so the KI is 8.008 × 10−3
= = 4.999
present in excess. 1.602 × 10−3
b We must use the number of moles of the limiting This will be a whole number in the formula.
reactant (Cu(NO3)2) for subsequent calculations. Therefore the value of x is 5, and the formula is
From the chemical equation, 2 mol Cu2+ react to CuSO4.5H2O.
form 1 mol I2. Therefore 2.50 × 10−3 mol of
Cu(NO3)2 will react to form 2.50 × 10−3 , i.e.
2
1.25 × 10−3 mol I2.

2 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS 1 CHEMISTRY FOR THE IB DIPLOMA © CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2011