VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS OF CHEMISTRY 1ST YEAR | 2MARKS } What are Isotherms? 2. What is Absolute Temperature? What are Iso Which of among Nz, O2 and CH4? Why 1 3 4. What is Absolute 6 fuses faster than sulphur dioxide ulate kinetic energy of 5 moles of Nitrogen at 27°C kinetic energy of 4g of methane at - 73°C? 9. How many number of moles of glucose are present in 540 grams of glucose? 10,Calculate the weight of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate? 1s 12.What are intensive and extensive properties? he first law of Thermodynamics? 13. What is Homogeneous equilibrium? Write two homogenous reactions? 14. What is heterogeneous equilibrium? Write two heterogeneous reactions? 15.What is the effect of p ture on a gaseous chemical equilibrium?16.What is meant by ionic product of water? 17.Explain the term ‘SYNGAS’? 18.What is meant by coal gasification? Explain with relevant balanced equation? 19.Lithium salts are mostly hydrated, Why? 20.Which of the alkali metals shows abnormal density? 21.Lithium reacts with water less vigorously than sodium. Give your reasons? 22.What happen when magnesium metal is burnt in air? 23.Why does the solubility of alkaline earth metal hydroxides in water increases down the group? 24.Why is gypsum added to cement? 25.Why are alkali metals not found in the Free State in ni ure? 26.Potassium carbonate cannot be prepared by Solvay process. Why? 27.Describe the importance of plaster of Paris? 28.Mention the important uses of Mg metal? 29.Give two uses of aluminium? 30.Explain inert pair effect?31.Sketch the structure of Boric acid 32.Give the hybrid 33.Why is CO poisons 35.Name any two man made silicates. 40.Diamond has high melting point? Expla 41.Give the use of CO, in photosynthesis 42.How does CO; increases gree fect 43.Write the use of 29M 5 45.How is water gas prepare 47.How is nitrobenzene prepared 48. Explain the principle of Chromatography 49. Write the conformations of ethane3.CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1. Write Lewis dotstructuresfor S and S Ans: —> Lewis dot structure for's'is -S: [Z=16] Electronic configuration—1s* 2s — Lewis dot structure for sis 38: (or) ['S']# Electronic configurationof s? 1° 2 28° 2p* 38° 3p°2. Predict the change, any, inhybridization of Al atom in the following reaction Alc, +Cl — AlCl, Ans:In AICI, Aluminium undergoes sp? hybridisation In AICI; Aluminium undergoessp" hybridisation AlCl, +r —3 AIC, 1 1 sp hybridisation sp" hybridisation Isthere any change in the hybridization of Boron and Nitrogen atomsas a result ofthe fllwing| reaction ? BE +NH; >. BNH, Ansa) Ammeonia-Boron tiflarde formation (H,N—+BF,) Ammonia molecule contains Nitogen stom with alone pair of electrons (in sp” orbital) BF, has B' atom with an incomplete octet (witha vacant p orbital). Therefore nitrogen of ammonia donates sp* orbital of nitrogen having alone pair overlaps the vacant! oxbital ‘of Boron, Theequation conesponding to the reaction s written as follows. HN: +BF, —[H.N:> BF) Donor Acceptor Ammonia Boronsritworide +) Change in ybridisedstatesN and B uring [#7,N + BF, formation ‘Boron in BR (spy bridization with one vacant unybrid'p obital. This orbital also ‘undergoes)hybeidization in presence of NH, so thatthe hybridised state of B' changes from sp? to sp’ This vacant hybrid orbital is bonded to NH, through dative bond. During thisproessthere is nochangeinthehybvidized sate of Nitogeain NH, aa + fe or] (10-apfptssdaed) (B-2p' ptrtazed) (Xs padeed) —_(B- phiptrated) (echanesiipbrietion) 4. If Nand B are two different atoms when doesAB molecule become Covalent ? Aas: I) I thedlfference in clectronegativity values between A and Bislessthan | covalent compound formation is possible then 2) Aand B are sharing one or mor ‘compound 5. Whatismeant by localized orbitals? Ans : The molecular orbital with bonded electron cloud localised between thetwo nuclei of bonded atoms iscalled localized orbital. (or) The orbitals Which are involvedin bond. Formation arelocalized orbitals, clectron pairs mutually then AB willbe covalent 6. cr hasgreater tal A. Ithas[ Ar] configuration . Hence itis table but C1 atomhas one eleeton short to nearest [At] cont ration, Hence itis unstable. iy than chlorine atom, WhyAns Why argon isnot represented by At, sation, itcan'tshareitselectoms with ‘Since Ar atom has only paired electrons with stable octet con! another Ar atom and cannot form diatomic molecule, ‘What is sigma bond ? How many sigma and Pi bonds are present in Acetylene, Benzene and Ethylene molecules ? ‘Chemical bond formed by the head-on overlapping of atomic oxbitas is called sigmabond, I, (Acetylene) 3orand 2 H, (Ethylene) Serand tx CoH, (Benzene) 126 and 3 ‘Why the boiling point of 1,0 is greater than HF ? In HF molecule, hydrogen bond is present in both vapour state anal liquid state whereas in water only in liquid state. Hence for HF, there is no need to break the hydrogen bonds during evaporation. In H,0 molecule, double no.of hydrogen bonds are sen thanin HF, therefore, the bol point of Os greater than HE. What type of hybridisation isseen in phosphorous in PCI, and sulphur in SE, molecules’? In PCs, P* shows sp'd hybridization andin SF, molecule, ‘s' shows sp"? hybridisation. ‘What is octet rule ? ‘The demand of anatom to have 8 electrons in ite valence shel to get exta stability is known asoctetrue, A.STATES OF MATTER GASES AND LIQUIDS. Name the diferentintermolecular forces experienced by the molecules of gas. ‘The different inter molecular forces experienced by the molecules of a gasare ondon (or) dispersion forces, Dipole - Dipole forees, Dipole induce dipole Forees,hyrogen bond, State Boyle's aw. Atconstant temperature, the pressure of given mass (fixed amount) of gas varies inversely witht ‘volume. Thisis Boyle's lw > mathematically itcan be writen as ive its mathematical expression, l Pa (AcconstantT and ao oF moles (0) k =p pv =k constant) ‘State Charle's aw. Give its mathematical expression. At constant pressure the volume ofa fixed mass of a gasis directly proportional to's bsolutctemperature. Thisis charles law > Mathematically tean be written 2s Vert (Atconstant P and no,of moles (a) Vem =2=k (constant)4. Whatare Isotherms? Ans: At constant temperature the curves which the relationship between variation of volume of given mass of gas and pressure are called isotherms, 5. Whatis Absolute Temperature ? Ans :Itisalso called thermodynamic temperature (or) kelvin temperature. Itis a temperature ‘on the absolute (or) Kelvin seale in which zero at-273.16'C, c4273.16)K 6 WhatareIsobars ? Ans The curves on graphs that canbe drawnat constant presse ar Fg Graphs drawn between volume and temperate 7. Whatis Absolute Zero? Ans es the lowest temperate theotically possible a which volume of perfect gasis or. 8. State Avogadro’slaw. Ans Equal volumes of ll gases under the same conditions oftemperture and pressure consis qual numberof moses called Isobar. varn( mathematically) bn 9. Whatare Isochores ? Ans :Atconstant volume aline on a graph showing the variation of temperature ofa called Iochores 10, Whatare STP Conditions ? Ans : STP means Standard Temperature and Pressure conditions + Standard temperature is 0° C=273 K + Standard pressure is 1 atmospher LL. WhatisGrammolar volume? gs with ts pressure is "6em=760 mm. of Hy. Ans: The volume occupied by one gram molecular weight (or) one gram mole of anelement (oF) compourelin the gaseous stasis called gram molar volum (oo) + AtSTPone mole of any gas oceupy ‘This isknown as gram molar volume. 12, Whatis an ideal gas ? Ans: Agas which obeys gas laws ie, Boyle's law, Charles lawand Avagadrols law exactly at all lemperaturesis called an ideal gs 13, Give the values of gas constant in different units. Ans: =0821 fit, atm. k' mol =8314I." mol Alit-of volume =1.987(or)2eal.K "mol =8,31 4107 ergs. mol 14, How are the density and molar mass of a gas related ? Ans:Pv=nRT =density(d) | Molarmass Mf Pressure of gas R iiversal gus constant ‘T=Temperature of gasinkelvins scale. 1S, State Graham’slaw of diffusion, Ans: The nite of diffusion of agiven mass of gas ata given pressure and temperatureisinversely proportional tothe square root o its density. 1 rate ofuitfusion PAT 16. W ich of the gases diffuses faster among N.,0, andCH,? Why ? Ans: CH, gasdiffuse faster among N,,0, andCH, Reason: CH, 17. Howmany timesmethanediffuse faster thansulphurdioxide ? Ans: According to Grahams aw of diffusi fi ditfuses 2 times faster than SO, .(16)has low molecular weight than N,(28)and ©,(32), em, _ [Moo fg 7, Vey, VIO Hence mettane 18, State Dalton's aw of partial pressures. Ans: helo pressureexened by amir of chemically now-eacing gases at given peraure and vlune sequal tothe sum of pata pressures ofthe component gases, 19. Givethereation between the partial pressure ofa gasand its mole fraction. Ans:Parial pessureofagas=inolfactionof the gs x Tota presi ofthe intueofgses Eg: Consider A nd Bin a container which are chemically non reaction, Partial pressureof A(P,) =X, xP, patil pressure of (Fy) =X4XP, X,,.X, are mole fractions P, =Total pressure, 20. What is Boltzman's constant ? Giveits value. Ans: Boltzman’s constant isthe gas constant per molecule, Boltzmanscomstant K= N =138:10 erg fk,molectle25. Ans: 26. Ans: 27, Ans: 28. Ans: 29. Ans: 30. Ans: Whatis Compressibility factor ? The ratio of the actual molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of a perfect gas under thesameconditionsis called compressibility factor. PV. Tap ForaperfectZ Whats Boyle Temperature ? The temperatue at which a real gas exibits ideal behaviour fora considerable range of pressure is called Boyle's temperature What is critical temperature ? Give its value for CO,. Compressibility factor ‘The temperature above which no gas can be liquified how ever high the pressure may be appliedis called critical temperature. Critical temperature of CO, gasis 31.98°C. Whats critical Volume ? The volume occupied by one mole of gas at critical temperature and critical pressure is known as critical volume. Whatis critical pressure ? ‘The pressure required to liquify a gas at critical temperature is known as critical pressure. Whatare critical constants ? Critical temperatue (T_), Critical volume (V) and critical pressure (P.) are called as critical constantsat 27°C in Cals. culate the kinetic energy of 2 moles of CO, ga 3 KE. = 5nkT Given n= 5 Sx 2x2 3005 1800 cals 5. STOICHIOMETRY 1, The empiricalformula of acompoundis CH,O. Its molecular weightis 90. Calculate the molecular} formula of the compound. Molecular formula =n (Emperical formula)Given Mo oa Emperical wt 30 war wi 3 Molecular wt = 90 +. Molecular formula = 3(CH,O) = C,H,O, Empericla formula=CH,O :. Emperical wt=30 2. Balance the following equation by the oxidation number method —Cr(NO,), + Pb, Cr, + Pb(NO3), aa) aeSteines 2 Ans: 8 Dg 48 (HOP Tale ome Sothe balanced equation is 2Cr+3pb(NO,), ——> 2CHINO,),+ SP 3. Caleulate the volume of O, at STP requied to completely burn 100 ml of acetylene, | Ans: Balancedchemical equation for combustion of acetylene is 26H, +50, —+4C0, +20 2molesof, H ;requireS moles of O, forcomplote combustion at STP. 220400 ml of CH, require _? 10035%22400 _ S00 2x22 2 4. What volume of Co, isobtained at STPby heating 4g of CaCO, ? Ans: Chemical uation ix 250ml ca, 4600+ C0, I mole CaCO, —5 1 mole CO, at STP 100 gms of CACO, — 2.4 litof CO, at STP 4.ams OF Cao, —, ? 4x: 0.896 tit 100 5. How many significant figures are present nthe following ? 0.0025 i) 208 tip S005 iv) 126,000, v) 500.0 vi) 2.0034 Ans i) 0.0025 is 2sinificant Figures ii) 208 has 3signiticant Figures i) 3005 has 4 significant figures iv) 126000 has significant figures +) S00.0has 4significant figures +i) 20034 hus 5 significant figures (6. Roundupthe following upto three significant figures: 3416 0.4107 0.04597 iv) 2808 Ans: i) 34.216 becomes 34.2 ii) 104107 becomes 10.4 i) 0.04597 becomes 0.046 iv) 2808 becomes 281 7. Assignoxidationnumber to the underlined elements in each of the folowing species: 8) al,BO, b) nuts0, 1.2.0, ©) CaQ; 1) NaBH, JAns:a) NaH, PO,by NattSo, A(+1) +1( Hl) +x4+4(-2) =O 1+t4+x-8=0 = 46, Oxidation no.0f'Sin NuttSO, = 46 ©) HBO, (41) +2547(-2)=0 2x00 Oxidation no.of Pin H,P,O, is+5 4) K.Mno, 24) +x44(2) = 2be-8=05 x=46 Oxidation noof Mais KzMnO, =+6 ©) C20, 0,2 Oxidation no. of oxygenin C40, ) Naot, (Hl) tre a(-I)=0 Feed 0 ra 43 Oxidation no. of But! in NaBH,= +3 wostprobably exhibis-3 oxidation state 2)HS,0, 2(I) ¥1X +74 242X-14=0) 2x Oxidation state of'S'in H.S.0, iy KAU(SO,),12H.0 General formulaof above compounds £,80,Al,(S0,), 24H,0 Potash slam) Consider Al, (SO), Consider Al (SO) fromthe sbove due salt2e43(~ 2w-6=0 8. What arethe oxidation numberof theunderlinad elements ineachof the fllowing and ‘how do yourationalise your results? OKI, b) #.8,0, ©) FRO, Ans: Kl luis formed by the combining KIL; Oxidation no. of Tin KI =-1 [1+x=0, InI, oxidation no. of ») HS, Acconding 19 H,S,O, structure 2(l)+4X 46(-2)=05.4x 10-0 'S' average Ox, No=25 x=25 FeO, ant4(-2) Ingencral Fe,0, obtained by FeO + Fe, 0, InFeO > x212[1-2=0 x= 43] In FeO, 9 x=43[22-6=0> x=43] ©)1,CH.CH,-OH CHO 2K +6(I)+(-2)=0 2K 46-2205 ®) CH,COOH CHO, 2r+4(41)+2(-2)=0 5 2x+4420 x=0Calculate theoxidation numberof sulphur, chromium and nitrogenin #,S0,,C0:° and N0;- Suggest structure of hese compounds. Ans: a) H,SO, Structure ° 2(1)+0+2(-1) +3(2) = 0(One peony linkage) 2er-2-6205 © x=46 Structure a9 A Sa 2 é xl = 10, How many number of moles of glucose are present in S40gmof glucose. ‘As No.of moles = ——Giverweight_ Grammotecularveigt sn 1 moles 11, Caleulatethe weight of 0.1 molesof sodium carbonate. Given weight __ A Noof moles Grammolecular weightAns: 3. Ans Ans: 1: System: As = Weight= No.of molesx Gram mol, weight =0.1 x 106= 10.6gm How many molecules of Glucose are present in5.23 gm of Glucose? No.of molecules= Novof moles x. =1.75x 10" molecules ‘Caleulate the number of molecules. Present in 1.12. 10" c.cofa gasof STP 22,4000 aA STP I mole=6.023 x 10" molecules = 1.12 10" ee. 12x10" 602310" = 3.0110? molecades 6.THERMODYNAMICS. Define a system. Give an example, al partof the universe chosen forthermodynamic study i ‘What is the workdone in the free expansion of an ideal gas in reversible and irreversible processes ? Incase of fee expansion of un ideal gas pressure becomes 2er0 into vace leds ") No workdone during ree expansion of an deal gasin case toreversible as wells irreversible process. ‘What are intensiveand extensive properties ? “Measurable (or) macroscopic properties such asmss, pressure, volume, temperature, surface tension, viscosity ele, canbe subsivided into two categories asbelow i) Extensive properties: The properties whose magnitude depends upon the quantity of ‘matter present in the system ave called extensive properties. Examplels of such properties ‘are mass, volume, beat capacity. internal energy, entropy, heat content, gibbs freeenersy «te. These properties change with quantity of matter present inthe system, These propertios ave addiivein nature, Give the equation that givesthe relationship btween AU and Ar The equation that gives the relationshiphetween AU and AH a AH + A0RT ‘Ait =Change in Enthalpy AU =Change in Iatemal energy an ip “Myo R= Universal gasconstant T=Temperature