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Ch-2 Information Technology-System copy مترجم

The document defines key terms related to information systems and technology. It explains that information technology involves the combination of computer technologies and telecommunications equipment for studying, designing, implementing, supporting and managing computer-based information systems. An information system collects, processes, analyzes and stores information. The five main parts of any information system are people, procedures, software, hardware and data. Software includes both system software like operating systems and utilities, as well as application software designed for end users. [END SUMMARY]

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259 views

Ch-2 Information Technology-System copy مترجم

The document defines key terms related to information systems and technology. It explains that information technology involves the combination of computer technologies and telecommunications equipment for studying, designing, implementing, supporting and managing computer-based information systems. An information system collects, processes, analyzes and stores information. The five main parts of any information system are people, procedures, software, hardware and data. Software includes both system software like operating systems and utilities, as well as application software designed for end users. [END SUMMARY]

Uploaded by

Magdy Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

CHAPTER 2

Information
System and
Technology

1
Objectives
✓Define Information system and Information Technology
✓Explain the parts of an information system
✓Distinguish between system software and application software.
✓Discuss the three kinds of system software programs.
✓Define data and how data are stored.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) (IT) ‫تكنولوجيا املعلومات‬
Information technology (IT) is the combination of computer
technologies and telecommunications equipment.
IT is the study, design, implement, support and manage computer-
based information systems
.‫( ھﻲ ﻣﺰﯾﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ وﻣﻌﺪات اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻟﺴﻠﻜﯿﺔ واﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬IT) ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
( . ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ھﻲ دراﺳﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ودﻋﻢ وإدارة ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ‬
Applications of Information Technology (IT) include many fields such as:
 Education: electronic libraries, e-learning
 Entertainment: streaming videos, online gaming
 Business: online stores, online banking
 Communication: video calls, e-mails
:‫( اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺜﻞ‬IT) ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬:‫• اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬، ‫ ﻣﻘﺎطﻊ اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ‬:‫• اﻟﺘﺮﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﯿﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬:‫• اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
(‫ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬، ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ‬:‫• اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬

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(IS) ‫نظام املعلومات‬
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
• Information system (IS) is a system that collects, processes, analyzes
and stores information.
• We use (IS) and computer information system(CIS) interchangeably
since all systems are heavily reliant on computers

.‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﯾﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﯾﻌﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎ وﯾﺤﻠﻠﮭﺎ وﯾﺨﺰﻧﮭﺎ‬:‫( ھﻮ‬IS) ‫• ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬


‫( ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎدل ﻷن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬CIS) ‫( وﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬IS) ‫• ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
(‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬

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Parts of an Information System ‫اجزاء من نظام املعلومات‬

When we think about Computer, we think about one part of IS usually


the hardware or software.
.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻮ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة أو اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬IS ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰء واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
There are five parts of any information system:
1. People
2. Procedures
3. Software
4. Hardware :‫ھﻨﺎك ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ أي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
5. Data ‫ اﻻﻓﺮاد‬-١
‫ اﺟﺮاءات‬-٢
‫ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬-٣
‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬-٤
‫ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬-٥
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1.People ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬

• People are professionals or end users.


• Most important part of any system
• The Goal of (IS) is to make them more productive

.‫• اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﻮن أو ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﻮن‬


.‫• أھﻢ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ أي ﻧﻈﺎم‬
.‫( ھﻮ ﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬IS) ‫• اﻟﮭﺪف ﻣﻦ‬

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2.Procedures ‫اﻻﺟﺮاءات‬

• Procedures are the set of rules or guidelines for people to follow when
using software, hardware and data
‫• اﻹﺟﺮاءات ھﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ أو اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﺗﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
• Procedures usually are : .‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ واﻷﺟﮭﺰة واﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
• Documented in manuals
• Written by professionals

:‫• اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن‬


‫• ﻣﻮﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﯿﺒﺎت‬
‫• ﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن‬

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3.Software ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬

• Software is another name for programs


• Two major kinds of software
• System Software
• Application Software

‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت ھﻮ اﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬


: ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎن رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫• ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫• ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬

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3.1 System Software ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

• A collection of programs
• Includes Operating System software, Utilities, and Device Drivers
• Enables the application software to interact with the hardware, and
helps the computer manage its resources and run applications
• Operating systems Examples Windows 10 and Mac OS
More details in System software chapter…

‫• ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫• ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ واﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬
، ‫• ﺗﻤﻜﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬
‫وﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ إدارة ﻣﻮارده وﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬
‫ و‬Windows 10 ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
.Mac OS

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‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬
3.2 Application Software

• Software which is usually designed for end users


• Major categories
• Basic applications (General purpose)
• Specialized applications
• Apps
More details later…

‫• اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﯿﻦ‬


‫• اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
(‫• ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ )أﻏﺮاض ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫• ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫• اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬

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‫‪4.Hardware‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬

‫‪Hardware is the physical parts of the computer itself (or electronic‬‬


‫‪device), and all its equipment‬‬
‫‪Examples‬‬
‫‪• Supercomputer, Server,…, desktops, tablet, wearable,…etc.‬‬
‫‪• CPU‬‬ ‫ھﻲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ )أو اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ( ‪ ،‬وﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﺟﮭﺰﺗﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪• Input / output devices‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫• ﻛﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻼق‬
‫‪• Storage devices‬‬ ‫• ﺧﺎدم‬
‫‪• Communication devices‬‬ ‫• أﺟﮭﺰة ﻛﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫• ﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬
‫• اﺟﮭﺰة ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ارﺗﺪاؤه ) ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ( ‪ .. ،‬إﻟﺦ‬
‫• وﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬
‫• أﺟﮭﺰة اﻹدﺧﺎل ‪ /‬اﻹﺧﺮاج‬
‫• أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ وأﺟﮭﺰة اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬

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5.Data ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬

• Data are raw unprocessed facts that are used by programs to


produce useful information.
• Like programs, data are generally stored in machine-readable
form on disk or tape until the user needs them.
• Processed data becomes information
• Digital data is stored electronically in files.
.‫• اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ھﻲ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ أوﻟﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻔﯿﺪة‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺮاءﺗﮫ آﻟﯿًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫• ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
.‫ﻗﺮص أو ﺷﺮﯾﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫• ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
.‫• ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬

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‫‪5.Data‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﻏﯿﺪاء اﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ھﻨﺎك أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت )ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت(‪:‬‬


‫‪There are four common types of files (data files):‬‬
‫‪A. Document Files: are created by word processors to save‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات‪documents. .‬‬
‫‪B. Worksheet Files: are created by electronic spread sheets to‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت أوراق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﺪاول ‪analyze budgets and calculations.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﯿﺰاﻧﯿﺎت واﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪C. Database Files: are created by database management‬‬
‫‪programs which are used to store data in organized form.‬‬
‫‪D. Presentation Files: are created by presentation graphics‬‬
‫‪programs to save presentation materials.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ إدارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

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