In English, clause is one group with sentence and phrase.

all three are both a

combination of several words, but their nature and uses are different.
A clause is a sentence that consists of a subject and a predicate, but does not
stand alone, but becomes a complement to other sentences. If a sentence can
stand alone without adding anything, not all clauses can stand alone.
Broadly speaking, the clause consists of two types, namely the main clause and
the subordinate clause. However, actually the same as a phrase, clause consists
of several types. An explanation of the types of clauses in English will be
discussed in the next subchapter.
Clause is a group of words in which there must be a subject (subject or actor)
and also a predicate (predicate).
The subject in a sentence can be an animal, object, person or abstract concept –
meanwhile, the predicate is a verb or auxiliary verb which is equipped with the
verb itself.
Example :
- Subject : - Predicate :
He Sings
Budi Will go
In addition to the subject and predicate, clauses can also be added with adverbs
that can complete the meaning of a sentence.
Basically, the clause is divided into two, namely independent clause (sentence
that can stand alone) and dependent clause (sentence that cannot stand alone).
In studying English, we must have heard about the terms Independent Clause
and Dependent Clause. The two things are indeed continuous; and an
explanation of the two should not be given separately.
Before we discuss further about the independent clause and dependent clause,
we must first understand the meaning of "clause". Clause, or in Indonesian
"clause", is a combination of two or more words. The condition for the
formation of a clause is the existence of a subject (subject) and a verb (verb).
Example :
• My little sister cries
• I am eating
• They went to Bali
• etc
When we see a combination of several words that do not contain a subject and a
verb, then the series is not a clause; but a phrase or phrase. For example:
• In the afternoon
• A pack of chicken nuggets
• On Thursday the 22nd
• etc
Clause itself is divided into two types; namely independent clause and
dependent clause. Both are clauses with different properties.
A. Main/Independent Clause
The main clause is the most basic type of clause, namely the Independent
clause. An independent clause is a clause that can actually stand alone, without
the addition of other clauses. Actually independent clause can also be referred
to as a sentence. However, because it was then supported by another clause, the
title changed to an independent clause.
For example :
- She doesn't know where to share her feelings
In the example above, the word she doesn't know is an independent clause,
while the word in bold is a dependent clause. Because the word "where to share
her feelings" the word "she doesn't know" can still be understood. While the
word "where to share her feelings" is an independent clause.
B. Subordinate/Dependent Clause
The opposite of an independent clause, a dependent/subordinate clause is a
clause that cannot stand alone. Even though it has a complete subject and
predicate, a dependent clause still requires an independent clause to be
understood. For example in the previous example, the dependent clause reads
"where to share her feelings" cannot be understood if it is not preceded by "she
doesn't know". Well, this dependent clause is further divided into three types,
namely nouns, adjectives, and adverb clauses.
a. Noun Clause
A noun clause is a clause that is like a noun, so even though it is composed of a
subject and a predicate (verb, adverb, ect) it is still like a noun. Usually, a noun
clause is preceded by its own markers, such as question words, if, whether, that
and ect.
Example :
- I don't know what she said
- We never know who he is until he left us
- It's up to you whether you want to buy cake or coffee
- I've just told you that Jack will come at 5, haven't i ?
- I will be glad to help when you're in need
- When the girl will return is still unknown
- In case you want to visit Kyle, please tell her that Doni is here
In the examples above, the sentences in bold are noun clauses. So it can be seen,
noun clauses can be placed anywhere, be it in front, in the middle, or behind an
independent clause. Even in one sentence, we can include more than one noun
clause.
b. Adjective/Relative Clause
An adjective clause, or what is more commonly referred to as a relative clause,
is a clause that acts as an additional "siaft" from an independent clause. The use
of an adjective clause in a sentence aims to add new information about the
subject of the attached independent clause. The markers for adjective clauses
are who, which, whose and that.
Example :
- Sandiaga Uno is a politician who became the vice president candidate on the
last election
- They are family whose home were being burned
- He is the student which has won the national math competition
- It is the naughty kid that always call me a frowsy bunny
- This is the ancient company which was built by Dutch hundreds years ago

c. Adverb clause
Last but still important, an adverb clause is a dependent clause that is preceded
by an adverb. Actually, at a glance, adverb clauses have similarities with noun
clauses. However, the difference is that the form of a noun clause is a noun that
can be replaced by another noun. Whereas in an adverb clause, the adverb used
cannot be replaced by another adverb.
Example :
- Mom usually wake up early in the morning
- I will come before they get there
- You wouldn't understand the subject nice you always came late
- She'll be waiting you inside her car
- The supermarket will be built near our high school
Although an adverb clause starts from an adverb, it can be used as a component
of an adverb clause. For example, if an adaverb ends in -ly, there are very few
adverbs of manner that can be used as an adverb clause.

Main clause adalah jenis clause yang paling pokok, yaitu Independent clause.
Independent clause adalah clause yang sebenarnya bisa berdiri sendir, tanpa
tambahan clause lainnya. Sebenarnya independent clause juga bisa disebut
sebagai kalimat. Akan tetapi karena kemudian disandari oleh clause lain, maka
sebutannya berubah menjadi independent clause.
Contohnya :
- She doesn’t know where to share her feelings
Di dalam contoh di atas, kata she doesn’t know menjadi independent clause,
sedangkan kata yang dibold adalah dependent clause. Sebab kata “where to
share her feelings” kata “she doesn’t know” tetap bisa dimengerti. Sedangkan
kata “where to share her feelings” adalah independent clause.

Kebalikan dari independent clause, dependent/subordinate clause adalah clause

yang tidak bisa berdiri sendiri. Meski pun memilki subject dan predicate
lengkap, dependent clause tetap membutuhkan independent clause supaya bisa
dimengerti. Misalnya dalam contoh sebelumnya, dependent clause berbunyi
“where to share her feelings” tidak dapat dipahami hika tidak didahului “she
doesn’t know”. Nah, dependent clause ini dibagi lagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu
noun, adjectiva, dan adverb clause.
a. Noun Clause
Noun clause adalah sebuah klausa yang sifatnya seperti noun, jadi meski
tersusun oleh subject dan predicate (verb, adverb, ect) sifatnya tetap saja
seperti kata benda. Biasanya, noun clause didahului oleh marker-
markernya sendiri, seperti question words, if, whether, that and ect.
Example :
- I don’t know what she said
- We never know who he is until he left us
- It’s up to you whether you want to buy cake or coffee
- I’ve just told you that Jack will come at 5, haven’t i ?
- I will be glad to help when you’re in need
- When the girl will return is still unknown
- In case you want to visit Kyle, please tell her that Doni is here
Didalam contoh-contoh di atas, kalimat-kalimat yang ditebalkan adalah
noun clause. Jadi bisa dilihat, noun clause bisa diletakkan dimana saja,
baik itu di depan, tengah, atau belakang independent clause. Bahkan
dalam satu kalimat, kita bisa memasukkan lebih dari satu noun clause.

b. Adjective/Relative Clause
Adjective clause, atau yang lebih umum disebut sebagai relative clause,
adlah clause yang bertindak sebagai “siaft” tambahan dari independent
clause. Penggunaan adjective clause dalam kalimat bertujuan untuk
menambahkan informasi baru tentang subject dari independent clause
yang dilekati. Marker untuk adjective clause adalah who, which, whose
and that.
Example :
- Sandiaga Uno is a politician who become the vice president candidate on
the last election
- They are family whose home were being burned
- He is the student which has won the national math competition
- It is the naughty kid that always call me a frowsy bunny
- This is the ancient company which was built by Dutch hundreds years
ago

c. Adverb clause
 Last but still important, adverb clause adalah dependent clause yang
didahului oleh adverb. Sebenarnya jika dilihat sekilas adverb clause
memilki kemiripan dengan noun clause. Akan tetapi perbedaannya, noun
clause bentuk clausenya adalah sebagai kata benda yang dapat digantikan
oleh kata benda lainnya. Sedangkan dalam adverb clause, adverb yang
digunakan tidak dapat digantikan oleh adverb lainnya.
Example :
- Mom usually wake up early in the morning
- I will come before they get there
- You wouldn’t understand the subject sice you always came late
- She’ll be waiting you inside her car
- The supermarket will be built near our high school
Meski adverb clause dimulai dari adverb bisa dijadikan sebagai komponen
penyusun adverb clause. Misalnya adaverb yang diakhiri dengan -ly, sangat
jarang terdapat adverbs of manner yang bisa digunakan sebagai adverb
clause.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Sentences produced by independent clauses are called simple sentences, but

an independent clause can also be combined with other independent clauses
to produce a compound sentence.

If you want to combine two independent clauses, then you are obliged to
insert the words below between the two clauses:

 Coordinate conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

 Semicolon (titik koma/;)
 Adverbial conjunction (however, rather, therefore)

Still confused about the difference between simple sentences and compound
sentences.

Kind Of Sentence Example Of Sentence

Simple Sentence She likes apples.

 (Dia suka apel.)

(Subject + Verb) I prefer eating mango to apple.

(Aku lebih memilih memakan mangga daripada
apel.)

She likes apples  but  you like pear better.

(Ia suka apel tetapi kamu lebih suka buah pir.)

I am not a big fan of dessert  however  I would

Compound Sentence love to eat ice cream now.
(Subject + Verb + (Aku gak begitu suka makanan pencuci mulut
Conjunction / Semicolon + tetapi aku mau banget makan es krim sekarang.)
Subject + Verb)
I have done all of my homework;  I’m going to go
home now.
(Aku sudah menyelesaikan semua tugasku; aku
akan pulang sekarang.)

DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Why is that? Because this clause must begin with a subordinate. This makes
the meaning of the clause hang or feel incomplete.

Therefore, if you want this clause to be understood – the clause must be

combined with an independent clause (which becomes the main clause) to
become a complex sentence.

Dependent clause is divided into three kinds, namely:

• Noun Clause

Functions as a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

• Adjective Clause

Serves to explain nouns or pronouns in the main clause.

• Adverbial Clause

Serves to provide information about the verb, adjective or adverb adverb in

the main clause.

Kind Of Sentence Example Of Sentence

She was dancing  when you left.

Adverbial Clause
(Dia sedang menari saat kamu pergi.)

(Subject + Verb + Subordinate

Note: adverbial clause  memberi informasi
Conjunction)
mengenai verb “was dancing.”

Adjective Clause He likes the painting  that I just made.

(Dia suka lukisan yang baru saja aku buat.)
 Subject + Verb + Relative
Pronoun
Note: adjective noun  menjelaskan noun
 Subject + Verb + Relative
painting.
Adverb

She barely listened  to what her friend said.

Noun Clause (Dia gak begitu mendengarkan apa yang
(Subject + Verb + Question temannya sampaikan.)
Word / that / if  + Subject +
Verb) Note: Noun clause  berperan
sebagai noun.

Independent clause  merupakan klausa yang dapat berdiri sendiri menjadi

suatu kalimat.

Kalimat yang dihasilkan oleh  independent clause  disebut dengan simple

sentence,  tetapi suatu independent clause  juga bisa digabungkan
dengan independent clause lainnya yang akan menghasilkan compound
sentence.
Jika kalian ingin menggabungkan dua independent clause,  maka kalian wajib
untuk menyelipkan kata-kata dibawah ini diantara dua clause  tersebut:

 Coordinate conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

 Semicolon (titik koma)
 Adverbial conjunction (however, rather, therefore)

Masih bingung perbedaan simple sentence  dan compound sententence?  Liat

contoh dibawah ini ya!

Macam Sentence Contoh Kalimat

She likes apples.

(Dia suka apel.)
Simple Sentence

I prefer eating mango to apple.

(Subject + Verb)
(Aku lebih memilih memakan mangga daripada
apel.)

She likes apples  but  you like pear better.

(Ia suka apel tetapi kamu lebih suka buah pir.)

I am not a big fan of dessert  however  I would

Compound Sentence love to eat ice cream now.
(Subject + Verb + (Aku gak begitu suka makanan pencuci mulut
Conjunction / Semicolon + tetapi aku mau banget makan es krim sekarang.)
Subject + Verb)
I have done all of my homework;  I’m going to go
home now.
(Aku sudah menyelesaikan semua tugasku; aku
akan pulang sekarang.)

 Dependent Clause

Dependent clause  merupakan klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri

sendiri. Dependent clause  harus dilengkapi
dengan subject  dan predicate  tetapi klausa ini tidak bisa dipakai untuk
menyatakan suatu pikiran yang utuh.

Mengapa demikian? Karena clause  ini harus diawali dengan subordinator.  Hal

ini membuat makna dari clause  menjadi menggantung atau terasa tidak
selesai.

Maka dari itu, jika ingin clause  ini menjadi dimengerti – clause  harus
disatukan dengan independent clause  (yang menjadi main  clause) agar
menjadi complex sentence.

Dependent clause  dibagi menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:

 Noun Clause

Berfungsi sebagai kata benda atau kata ganti di dalam suatu kalimat.

 Adjective Clause

Berfungsi untuk menjelaskan noun  atau pronoun  yang ada pada main

clause.

 Adverbial Clause

Berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi mengenai verb,

adjective  atau adverb adverb  yang ada di main clause.

Macam Sentence Contoh Kalimat

She was dancing  when you left.

Adverbial Clause
(Dia sedang menari saat kamu pergi.)

(Subject + Verb + Subordinate

Note: adverbial clause  memberi informasi
Conjunction)
mengenai verb “was dancing.”

Adjective Clause He likes the painting  that I just made.

 (Dia suka lukisan yang baru saja aku buat.)
 Subject + Verb + Relative
Pronoun
Note: adjective noun  menjelaskan noun
 Subject + Verb + Relative
painting.
Adverb

She barely listened  to what her friend said.

Noun Clause (Dia gak begitu mendengarkan apa yang
(Subject + Verb + Question temannya sampaikan.)
Word / that / if  + Subject +
Verb) Note: Noun clause  berperan
sebagai noun.

 
Dalam bahasa Inggris, klausa adalah satu kelompok dengan kalimat dan
frase. ketiganya sama-sama merupakan gabungan dari beberapa kata,
namun sifat dan kegunaannya berbeda.

Klausa adalah kalimat yang terdiri dari subjek dan predikat, tetapi tidak
berdiri sendiri, tetapi menjadi pelengkap kalimat lainnya. Jika sebuah kalimat
dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa menambahkan apapun, tidak semua klausa dapat
berdiri sendiri.

Secara garis besar, klausa terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu klausa utama dan
klausa bawahan. Namun, sebenarnya sama dengan frase, klausa terdiri dari
beberapa jenis. Penjelasan tentang jenis-jenis klausa dalam bahasa Inggris
akan dibahas pada subbab selanjutnya.

Clause  merupakan sekelompok kata dimana didalamnya harus

ada subject  (subyek atau pelaku) dan juga predicate  (predikat). 

Subject  dalam sebuah kalimat dapat berupa hewan, benda, orang ataupun
konsep yang abstrak – sementara, predicate  merupakan verb  (kata kerja)
atau auxiliary verb  yang dilengkapi dengan verb  itu sendiri.

Contoh:

Subject Predicate

He sings

Annisa will go
Selain subject  dan predicate, clause  juga bisa ditambahkan kata keterangan
yang dapat melengkapi makna dari suatu kalmiat.

Pada dasarnya, clause  dibagi menjadi dua yaitu independent clause  (kalimat

yang dapat berdiri sendiri) dan dependent clause  (kalimat yang tidak dapat
berdiri sendiri). 

Dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris, kita pasti pernah mendengar tentang

istilah Independent Clause dan Dependent Clause. Dua hal tersebut memang
berkesinambungan; dan penjelasan tentang keduanya baiknya tidak diberikan secara
terpisah.
Sebelum kita membahas lebih jauh tentang independent clause  dan  dependent clause, kita
harus memahami terlebih dahulu arti dari “clause”. Clause, atau dalam bahasa Indonesia
“klausa”, merupakan gabungan dari dua kata atau lebih. Syarat terbentuknya
sebuah clause adalah adanya subject (subyek) dan verb (kata kerja). Contoh:

 My little sister cries

 I am eating
 They went to Bali
 etc

Ketika kita melihat gabungan beberapa kata yang tidak berisikan subject dan verb, maka
rangkaian tersebut bukan merupakan clause; melainkan phrase atau frase. Contohnya:

 In the afternoon
 A pack of chicken nuggets
 On Thursday the 22nd
 etc

Klausa

Clause sendiri terbagi dalam dua jenis; yakni independent clause dan dependent clause.

Keduanya merupakan klausa dengan sifat yang berbeda.